BANISHMENT

legal penalty which consists in segregation of the offender from the community. It was frequently inflicted in Greece and Rome, in preference to the death sentence, and it was probably as a cla ical punishment that Sir Thomas More advocated its use in his Uiopia. In England b. was not recognized as a punishment until 1597, when it was adopted as expedient for ridding the country of the sturdy rogues who had baffled economists throughout the century; but death might be escaped by taking sanctuary, renouncing allegiance, and abjuring the land. That the old Borders between England and Scotland continued to be lawle is shown by statute of 1667, permitting Transportation of Criminals of those regions; imprisonment for life was often commuted to transportation until this was abolished by Acts of 1853 and_ 1857. By an unrepealed statute b. 1s still penalty in Scotland for celebrating clandestine marriages. town, Bosnia; tobacco. Pop. 14,800. E.), town, capital of Dutch Borneo, East Indies; spices, gold. Sultanate of B. ended 1857. Pop. 50,000.