FOLKLAND

A.-S. term for land] held by custom, or without document a ry | title. 1 A eel sl petit identification of the survivals of archaic | ateetiee tee and Eee pene in modern ages.’ or scientific purposes, folk-lore may be defined in wits terms | as traditional literature, beliefs, and| ractices current among peoples in all Piped of culture, and the sieht of etined, the subjects of folk-loremay be} divided into three cla es—viz., (1)!in religion, (2) bod a rset bg late (3) amusements and culture; but is impo ible to draw a rigid line of distinction between these. It is the busine of the science of folk-lore St. to compare | items of traditional belief, practice, and literature in different and frequently | widely — separated - countries, and to determine, if po ible, their origin and| primitive intention. On such an invest i the gation being made it is found that there are few of the beliefs and observances traditional among the peasantry of! g¢, Europe that are not traceable to a| religious source. Thus the nursery and fairy tales of Europe are found to belong in large part to a common stock, many| of them being found practically all over | _ the world, and are obviously sprung| from similar proce es of thought and similar conditions of human society. Famous collections of such folk-tales are Ovid’s Metamorphoses and the Arabian Nights Entertainments. The earliest writer to collect folk-lore Systematically was John Aubrey, 162697, portions of whose work were inc or45’ porated by Brand in Observations on Popular Antiquities, 1811. Percy’s feliques, 1765, stimulated the study of ose customs Prete dot a epee an pO DE iterature, but the first scientific collec-| tion of folk-tales was that of the brothers in Grimm, who set down what they heard exactly as they heard it. Their results and were published in a series of volumes from 1812 to 1822. Jacob Grimm’s used Deutsche My tho logie, 1835, still remains of an authority for anc. Teutonic mythology and religious practices. Darwin’s The Origin of Species, 1859, gave a fresh were impetus to the study in E land, the chief results of which were E. B. Tylor’s Researches into the Early History of Mankind, 1865, and Primitive Culture, 1871, which placed the inquiry into the Psychological develop me nt of mankind 02 @ thoroughly scientific basis. (1787-1860), an American writer,. in Boston, Ma . She was the wife of Prof. Charles Theodore Follen, and was prominent as an advocate of the aboli. tion of slavery and a writer of verse, She wrote Well-Spent Hours, 1827; Poems on Occasional Topics, 1839; To M others in the Free States, 1855, 24 Anti-Slavery Hymns and Songs, 1855