The exact authorship of this celebrated book is something of a literary puzzle

Marguerite was a prolific author, if all the works which were published under her name be unhesitatingly ascribed to her. Besides the poems printed under the pretty title of "Les Marguerites de la Marguerite," she wrote many other works, and the "Hep tamer on," which was not given to the world until after her death (1558). The house of Valois was by no means destitute of literary talent. But that which seems most likely to be the Queen's genuine work hardly corresponds with the remarkable power shown in the Hep tamer on." On the other hand, Marguerite for years maintained a literary court, in which all the most celebrated men of the time, notably Marot and Bona venture des Périers, held places. If it were allowable to decide literary questions simply by considerations of probability, there could be little hes i tation in a igning the entire "Hep tamer on" to Des Périers himself, and then its unfinished condition would be intelligible enough. The general opinion of critics, however, is that it was probably the result of the joint work of the Queen, of Des Périers, and of a good many other men, and probably some women, of letters. Saints bury , French Lit., p. 190. Hept a nom is (hep-tan'ō-mis). [Gr. Επτανομίς .] In ancient geography, the part of Egypt ex Herbert, George nus, who in the partition of the conquered territories obtained Argos; Proclusand Eurysthenes, who obtained Lacedæmon; and Cresphontes, who obtained Me enia. The invasion of the Peloponnesus by the Heraclidæ in alliance with the Dorians was commonly referred to as the return of the Heraclidæ. 2. A tragedy of Euripi des, exhibited about 420 B. C. "It celebrates the honourable conduct of Athens in protecting the suppliant children of Heracles, and her victory over the insolent Argive king Eurystheus, who in- vades Attica to recover the fugitives. The play was ob- viously intended as a political document, directed against the Argive party in Athens during the Peloponnesian war." Mahaffy . Her a clit us (her-a-kli'tus). [Gr. Ηράκλειτος .] Born at Ephesus, probably about 535 B. c.: died there, probably about 475 в. с. A celebrated Greek philosopher. Her a clit us. An elegiac poet of Halicarna us, a contemporary and friend of Call i mach us. Heraclius (her-a-kli'us). Born in Cappadocia, Asia Minor, about 575: died 641. Emperor of the East. He was the son of Heraclius, governor of Africa, and succeeded to the throne as the result of a con- spiracy between his father and Crispus, the son-in-law of the emperor Phocas. In the early years of his reign the empire was terribly ravaged by the inroads of the Avars and the Persians. After having established the Croats and the Serbs in Illyricum as a barrier against the former about 620, he annihilated the power of the latter in a series of brilliant campaigns 622-628. The subsequent years of his reign were spent in an inexplicable inactivity, which re- sulted in the lo of Syria, Palestine, Me so pot am i a, and Egypt to the califs. Héraclius (ā-rä-klē-üs'). A play by Corneille, published in 1647. Heras, Juan Gregorio de las. See Las Heras . Herat (her-ät'). 1. A territory in western Af- ghanistan, bordering on Persia.-2. A city of Afghanistan, situated near the river Heri-Rud, lat. 34° 22′ N., long. 62° 9′ E. It is a place of strate- gic and military importance, defended by a wall and earth- work, and has been called "the key of India." It was often captured in the middle ages; was unsucce fully besieged by the Persians in 1837-38, and taken by them in 1856; and was taken by Dost Mohammed in 1863, and by Abdurrah- man Khan in 1881. It has undergone over 50 sieges. It is the center of a very fertile district, and is a natural emporium of trade. Population, about 30,000. Hérault (ā-rō'). 1. A river in southern France, flowing into the Mediterranean 31 miles south- west of Montpellier. Length, about 100 miles. cient geography, a city of Magna Græcia, sit--2. A department of southern France. Capi uated near the Gulf of Tarentum about lat. 40° 10′ N., long. 16° 41′ E., near the modern Policoro. It was a Tarentine colony, and was the scene of a victory of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, over the Romans 280 в. с. Heraclea, surnamed "Minoa" (Gr. Μίνωα ). In ancient geography, a city on the southern coast of Sicily, 18 miles west-northwest of Agrigen tum. Her a clean Tables (her-a-klē'an tā blz), L.Tabulæ Heracleenses. Two fragmentary bronze tablets discovered near Heraclea in Magna Græcia about the middle of the 18th century, and preserved at Naples. They contain a Latin in scrip tion (a copy of the "Lex Julia municipal is"), and also a much earlier Greek inscription. Heraclea Per in thus. See Per in thus. Heraclea Pontic a (pon'ti-kä). In ancient geography, a city in Bithynia, Asia Minor, situated on the Black Sea in lat. 41° 17′ N., long. 31° 25′ E.: the modern Bender Erekli. Heraclea Sintica (sin'ti-kä). In ancient geography, a town in Macedonia, situated about lat. 40° 54′ N., long. 23° 30′ E.: the modern Zeruokhori. Heraclea Trachinia (tra-kin'i-ä). In ancient geography, a town in Malis, Greece, 10 miles west of Thermopyle: a Spartan colony. Heracleidæ. See Heraclidæ . Heracleitus. See Her a clit us . Heracleonites (he-rak'le-on-its). The followers of Heracleon, a Val ent in i an Gnostic of the 2d century, noted as a commentator on the Gospel of John. Heracles. See Hercules . Heraclian (he-rak'li-an). Died at Carthage, 413 A. D. A Roman general. He a a inated Stilicho in 408 at the instance of the emperor Honor i us, for which service he was rewarded with the office of count of Africa. He remained loyal to Honor i us during the usurpation in 409 and 410 of Attalus, the creature of Alaric, but revolted in 413, in which year he made an unsucce ful invasion of Italy. He was killed at Carthage by emi aries of the emperor. Heraclidæ (her-a-kli'dē). [Gr. Ηρακλείδαι .] 1. The descendants of Heracles; specifically, in Greek legend, certain Achæan chiefs claiming descent from Heracles, who in prehistoric times joined the Dorian migration to the Peloponnesus. The sons of Heracles were said to have been expelled from their heritage in the Peloponnesus by Eurys the us, and to have settled in Attica. The most notable of their descendants who joined the Dorians were Teme tal, Montpellier. It is bounded by Aveyron and Gard on the north, Gard on the east, the Mediterranean and Aude on the south, and Tarn on the west, corresponding to part of the ancient Langue doc. Among the leading products are oil and wine. Area, 2,393 square miles. Population (1891), 461,651. Hérault de Séchelles (ā-ro' dè sā-shel'), Marie Jean. Born at Paris, 1760: guillotined at Paris, April 5, 1794. A French revolutionist. He was a member of the Legislative A embly in 1791, of the Convention in 1792, and of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793. Herbart (her bärt), Johann Fried rich. Born at Oldenburg, Germany, May 4, 1776: died at Göttingen, Pru ia, Aug. 14, 1841. A noted German philosopher, profe or at Königsberg (1809) and later (1833) at Göttingen, the founder of a school noted especially for its work in psychology. He published "Lehrbuch zur Einleitung in die Philosophie" (1818), "Lehrbuch zur Psycho logie" (1816), "Psycho logie" (1824-25), "All gem eine Metaphysik" (1828-29), "Encyklopädie der Philosophie" (1831). His complete works were edited by Harten stein (1850-52). Herbelin (erb-lan'), Madame (Jeanne Mathilde Habert). Born in Seine-et-Oise, Aug. 24, 1820. A French miniature-painter. She painted the only miniature admitted to the Louvre. Her be lot (er-blo'), Barthélemy d'. Born at Paris, Dec. 4, 1625: died there, Dec. 8, 1695. A French Orientalist. He published "Bibliothèque orientale, ou dictionnaire universel" (1697), etc. Herbert (her'bert), Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Born about 1582: died at London, Aug. 20, 1648. An English philosopher, soldier, diplomatist, and historian. His chief work is "De veritate" ("On Truth," 1624). Herbert, George. Born at Montgomery Castle, Wales, April 3, 1593: died at Bemerton, near Salisbury, Feb.. 1633. An English poet, brother of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. He graduated B. A. at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1613, and M. A. in 1616, when he was elected fellow. In 1618 he was prelector in the rhetoric school at Cambridge, and in 1619 he was made public orator. He was much in favor at court, and in his position as orator it was his duty to write all official letters to the government. This brought him much in contact with public men. In 1627 he resigned the post on account of ill health. In 1630 Charles I. presented him to the rectory of Fugglestone with Bemerton, Wilts hire. He repaired Bemerton church, which is said to be the smallest in England. It was restored by Wyatt in 1866. Here he wrote the religious poems for which he is principally remembered, and which were published after his death in a volume called "The Temple: Sacred Poems The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Herbert, George Coblenz. Herculaneum (her-ku-lane-umci Greitor κλειον, city An ancient city of Camp an i a, near the coast, 6 miles southeast of Naples, directly at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. It was overwhelmed like Pompeii in the eruption of 79 A. D., being covered in this and succeeding eruptions first with mud and then with ashes and lava to a depth of from 70 to 112 feet. The ancient town was forgotten, and modern Resina sunk a well which reached the ancient level in the stage structure of the theater, and brought to light sculptures and marble facings. Further search was made, solely for the marbles and works of art, and subsequently vations were undertaken by the government, but were very ignorantly and irregularly conducted, and the galleries pierced were in great part filled again. Under the French rule (1806-15) systematic explorations instituted; little was done between 1828 and 1837; then nothing until Victor Emmanuel caused the resumption of the work in 1869. The most important remains are the theater, basil ica, prison, some interesting private dwellings, and portions of several streets paved with lava. In Herculaneum were found a number of carbonized manuscripts on papy some of which have been deciphered, and some of the best-known statues of the Naples Museum, including the A grip pin a, Sleeping Faun, Aristides, and busts of Platoand Demosthenes. tions of Hercules worshiped in different places and countries (as the Cretan or the Egyptian Hercules, etc.), under the same or other names, the attributes of these various per son if i cations being e entially the same, but their legendary history being different. Hercules is represented as brawny and muscular, with broad shoulders, generally naked, or draped merely in the skin of the Nemean lion, the head of the lion being often drawn over that of the hero as a helmet. He is usually armed with a club, sometimes with a bow and arrows. See Izdubar ( Gisdhubar ). It has long been recognised that Herakles was the borrowed Phœnician Sun-god; we now know that his primitive prototype had been adopted by the Phœnicians from the Accadians of Babylonia. It is not strange, therefore, that just as in the Greek myth of Aphrodite and Adonis we find the outlines of the old Chaldean story of Istar and Tammuz, so in the legends of Herakles we find an echo of the legends of Gisdhubar. The lion destroyed by Gisdhubar is the lion of Nemea; the winged bull made by Anu to avenge the slight offered to Istar is the winged bull of Krete; the tyrant Khumbaba, slain by Gisdhubar in "the land of pine-trees, the seat of the gods, the sanctuary of the spirits," is the tyrant Geryon; the gems borne by the trees of the forest beyond "the gateway of the sun" are the apples of the Hesperides; and the deadly sickne of Gisdhubar himself is but the fever sent by the poisoned tunic of Ne os through the veins of the Greek hero.