Johnston

ALBERT SYDNEY, (jõnz'tün,) a distinguished American Confederate general, B. in Kentucky, 1803, graduated at West Point, 1826. In 1837, he superseded General Houston as commander-in-chief of the Texan army; next became Texan war-secretary, and served as a colonel of American regulars during the Mexican war. In 1857 he commanded the expedition sent against the Mormons of Utah; and in 1860 was made military commander of the dept. of Kentucky and Tenne ee, by the so-called Confederate govt. After the surrender of Fort Do nelson, he formed a junction with the army of Gen. Beau regard, and fell in the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Johns'ton, ALEXANDER KEITH, a Scottish geographer, B. 1804. He is a member of the principal scientific a ociations of Europe and America, and by his National Atlas (1843), Physical Atlas (1848), and Dictionary of Geography (1850), has rendered eminent services to cosmological science. Johnston, JOSEPH EGGLESTON, an American Confederate general, B. in Va., 1809, graduated at West Point, 1829, and served with high distinction in the Mexican war. After holding the rank of quartermaster-gen., and of brigadier-gen. in the National army, he resigned his commi ion in 1861, and received the rank of major gen., in the Confederate service, immediately after. He soon proved himself one of the ablest of the Sece ionist commanders. He participated in the victory of Bull Run, was defeated by McClellan at Williams burg, 1862, and in turn defeated the Union forces at Fair Oaks, where he was severely wounded. In Nov. of same year, he was a igned the command of the W. Dept., and in Dec., 1863, that of the army detailed to oppose Gen. Sherman's advance S. After a series of battles without decisive results, he was finally compelled by Sherman to retire beyond the Chattahoochee. In 1865, he held command in S. Carolina, and surrendered his army to Gen. Sherman, April 26, on similar terms as those just accorded to Gen. Lee. [s. 506]