pterygoid (terigoid)

and n. [ part of the ali sphenoid below the pterygoid ridge, and extends nearly horizontally outward to be inserted into the condyloid section of the lower jaw-bone: it is also called ectopterygoid. The internal pterygoid muscle arises from the pterygoid fo a and palate-bone, and pa es downward and outward to be inserted into the inner surface of the ascending ramus and angle of the lower jaw-bone: it is also called entopterygoid and internal ma eter. The pterygoid muscles effect the lateral and forward and backward movements of the and the internal maxillary raises it. Pterygoid nerves, two branches of the inferior maxillary to the internal and external pterygoid muscles. - Pterygoid notch. See notch. - Pterygoid plate, a pterygoid proce . - Pterygoid plexus. See plexus. - Pterygoid proce . ( a ) Either one of two parts of the compound sphenoid bone of mammals. (1) The external pterygoid proce is a proce or extension of the ali sphenoid, or great wing of the sphenoid bone, having no independent center of o ification, and never being a distinct part. (2) Thein ternal pterygoid proce , on the other hand, is a distinct bone, the pterygoid proper, having its own center of o ification, and representing the freely articulated pterygoid bone of lower vertebrates. These proce es are also distinguished as ectopterygoid and entopterygoid. (b) The com. bined internal and external pterygoid proce es, the two parts being distinguished as the internal and external pterygoid plates. (c) The pyramidal proce , or tuberosity of the palate.- Pterygoid ridge, a ridge traversing the outer surface of the ali sphenoid, or great wing of the sphenoid bone, delimiting the respective attachments of the temporal and external pterygoid muscles, and also serving to distinguish the temporal from the zygomatic fo a. II. n. In zoöl. and an at .: (a) A bone of the facial part of the skull, forming a part of the hard palate, or pterygopalatal bar, commonly a horizontal rod-like bone, one of a pair on each side of the median line intervening between the palatal and the quadrate bone, or suspensorium of the mandible, and movably articulated with both, frequently also articulating with the bas i sphenoidal rostrum of the skull: in any mammal, detached from its pos terior connection with the suspensorium, and commonly immovably sutured with the palatal and ankylosed with the sphenoid, when it forms the part known in human anatomy as the internal pterygoid proce of the sphenoid. In fishes there are several different pterygoid bones, entering into the formation of the pterygopalatal bar or pal a to quadrate arch, and distinguished as entopterygoid, ectoptery goid, and meta pterygoid: see these words, and cut under pal a to quadrate. See also cuts under desmognathous, dro mæognathous, periotic, Petromyzon, Physeter, poison - fang, Python, and temporomastoid. (b) A pterygoid muscle.-2. pl. In entom., same as pterygoda. pterygoideus (ter-i-goi'dē-us), n.; pl. pterygoi dei (-1). [NL.: see pterygoid.] A pterygoid muscle.-Pterygoideus extern us or minor and pterygoideus intern us or major, two stout muscles of mastication; the pterygoid muscles (which see, under pterygoid).-Pterygoideus proprius, a small occasional muscle of man, pa ing from the ali sphenoid to the outer plate or tuberosity of the palate. pterygomaxillary (ter"i-gō-mak'si-lā-ri), a. [ pterygopalatal (ter"i-go-pal'ā-tal), a. [ Ptilocercus ly in the pa age-beds between the Silurian and the Devonian system. It has a long lobster-like form, composed in the main of a cephalothorax, an abdominal division of several segments, and a somewhat oval telson or tail-plate. The organs of locomotion, three or four pairs in number, are all attached to the under side of the carapace, as in the king-crab. P. anglicus is a species sometimes called seraphim. pterygo (id) + palatine2.] Pertaining to the pterygopalatine (teri-go-pal'ā-tin), a. [Pterygura (ter-i-gu'rä), n. pl. [NL., A division of anomurous decapod crustaceans. to the Pterygura. ternal maxillary artery. Pterygopalatine artery, pteryla (ter'i-lä), n.; pl. pterylæ (-lē). [NL., a small branch the internal maxillary, which pa es fo a, and sphenoidal sinus. Also called pharyngeal artery.-Pterygopalatine canal. (a) The canaliculus pharyngeus. (b) The posterior palatine canal. - Pterygopalatine foramen. See foramen. - Pterygopalatine nerve, a small branch of Meckel's ganglion that pa es through the canal of the same name to the pharynx. pterygo-pharyngeus (ter"i-gō-far-in-jē'us), n. [NL.,