petrograph (petrograf)

[ Mr. Cushing's party found on the rocks of neighboring mountains petrographs , or crude etchings. Science, XII. 40. petrographical (pet-ro-graf'i-kal), a . rographic + -al . ] Same as petrographic . - Pet- rographical microscope. See microscope . petrographically (pet-ro-graf'i-kal-i), adv . As regards petrography; as regards miner a log i- cal and chemical constitution and structure: as, two kinds of gnei petrographically distinct. petrography (pet-rog'ra-fi), n. [= F. pétro- graphie , πέτρα , a rock, πέτρος , a stone, + -γραφία , « γράφειν , write.] 1. The art of writing or inscribing on stone.-2. The study of rocks; lithology; petrology. The investigation of the miner- als of which rocks are made up is called lithology , which in- cludes not only the determination of the mineral constitu- ents of a rock, but also the study of the changes which these constituent minerals have undergone, either during the petroleum reaches about sixty million barrels a year, and the value of the exports of this article in various forms amounts to about $70,000,000 a year, most of the material exported being furnished by the oil-fields of Pennsylvania and western New York. The crude oil un- dergoes refining, and is put upon the market in various forms (see kerosene , naphtha , rhigolene , etc.), but much the largest part of this product has the form of an oil suitable for burning in lamps in all parts of the world. The only other oil-producing region in the world at all comparing with that of Pennsylvania and New York is at and near Baku, on the Caspian, where the existence of oil has been known from time immemorial, but where its commercial importance has only recently been realized. The exported petroleums of the United States are chiefly from rocks of Devonian age; those of Baku occur in the Tertiary. An important part of the transportation of the crude material in the United States is effected by pipes See pipe - line . Also called coal -oil, earth-oil. laid beneath the surface, through which the oil is forced. The Wardrobe Account, 21-23 Edw. III., 38/2, the fol- lowing entry: - "Delivered to the King in his chamber at Calais: 8 lbs. petroleum ." petroleum-car (pē-tròʻlē-um-kär), n. A rail- road-car carrying a tank or tanks, especially designed for the transportation of petroleum in bulk. petroleum-ether (pē-trō'lē-um-ē"thèr), п. Same as naphtha . petroleum-furnace (pe-troʻlē-um-fernās), n. A steam-boiler or other furnace for burning 1831), πέτρα , rock, + μὺς , mouse.] A re- petroleum, which is admitted in jets or in the form of a spray of petroleum mingled with air or with a steam-jet; a hydrocarbon-furnace. E. H. Knight. petroleum-still (pē-trō'lē-um-stil), n. for separating the hydrocarbon products from IMG:content-2804.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2805.png:[graphic] a , retort; a ' , beak of retort, through which vapors pa ; b, charging- pipe; c, column composed of compartments c1 , c2, etc. (The com- partments are filled to a definite height with the same kind of liquid as that to be distilled through the pipe d , having a valve for each com- part ment. The same pipe is also used for drawing off this liquid.) 3 e, worm placed in a water-tank, connected by pipe to the column c, and by the pipeg to a gasometer; h, h ', auxiliary worms con- nected with e; j, pipe for return of liquid to the retort when desired; 1, 1, running-pans receiving liquid from h, h', etc.; m, main run- ning-pan. Heat is applied by furnaces at the bottom of a. The va- pors pa through a ' into c . The heavier products are condensed by the liquid in the compartments 1, c2, etc. Lighter vapors pa into the worm e, and are there condensed further cooling. The gasometer & collects any uncondensed vapors. crude petroleum in the order of their volatility. E. H. Knight. pétroleur (pā-tro-ler'), n. [F., pétrole , pe- troleum: see petroleum .] An incendiary; spe- cifically, one of those adherents of the Com- mune who set fire to the public buildings of Paris, with the aid of petroleum, on the entry of the national troops in May, 1871. pétroleuse (pā-tro-lėz'), n . [F., fem. of pétro- leur , q.v.] A female incendiary. See pétroleur . petroliferous (pet-ro-life-rus), a. [ML. pе- troleum , petroleum, + L. ferre = E. bear1 .] Abounding in petroleum; productive of petro- leum; containing or yielding petroleum: as, petroliferous strata. Amer . Jour . Sci ., VII. 561. petrol in, petroline (pet'ro-lin), n. [ petrol , petrol ( eum ), + -in2 , -ine2 .] A solid substance consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, ob- analogous to paraffin . petrol ist (petro-list), n. [ petrol + -ist.] An petrolize (petro-liz), v . t .; pret. and pp. petro- lized , ppr. petrol i zing . [ petrol + -ize .] To cause to resemble petroleum; confer the char- acter or properties of petroleum upon. Ure. petrological (pet-ro-loj'i-kal), a . [ petrolog - y + -ic - al .] Of or pertaining to petrology. Nature . petrologically (pet-rō-loj'i-kal-i), adv . As re- gards petrology or petrological investigation or conditions. under the names of asphaltum , maltha , and petroleum . The last name was not in use in cla ic times. The existence of petroleum in Pennsylvania and New York has been known from almost the earliest time of the settlement of those States by Europe ans, but it was not until 1859, when oil was obtained by boring at Titusville on Oil Creek, a branch of the Allegheny River, that it began to be of commercial impetrologist (pet-rol'ō-jist), п. [ petrolog - y + portance. At the present time (1897) the production of crude -ist .] One who is skilled in petrology. IMG:content-2806.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2807.png:[ocr errors] Skull of Lamprey ( Petromyzon mar in us). writers been restricted to the northern lampreys, and es- pecially those of the sea. See Petromyzontida , and cuts under basket , lamprey , and Marsipobranch i i . 2. [l. c.] Any member of this genus, as a lam- The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century dictionary IMG:content-2809.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small] poictrinal, F. pé trinal, a petro nel, so called as being discharg cartes flu via til is, one of the Petromyzon A, rhinencephalon: B, prosencephalon; E, metencephalon F. fourth ventricle; limotor 1. olfactory nerves; pathetic: //, optic; Putrigeminal; ///, ocu VI, abducent: VII, facial and auditory; Ill . glo opharyngeal and pneumogas. tric; IX, 1, 1, 2, sensory and motor roots of first and second spinal nerves. ed with the stock placed against the breast, He made his brave horse like a whirlwind bear him Among the combatants, and in a moment Discharg'd his petronel , with such sure aim That, of the adverse party, from his horse One tumbled dead. Fletcher (and another ), Love's Cure, i. 1. Saddle our Spanish barb, and bid French Paris see our petronel be charged! Scott , Abbot, xxx i. 2. In her., a pistol used as a bearing. petro-occipital (pet"rō-ok-sip'i-tal), a. as petroccipital. 4429 the internal jugular vein. Also petrous sinus. - Petrosal vein. Same as petrosal sinus. II. n. The periotic or petrous part of the temporal bone. See cuts under craniofacial , hyoid , and periotic .