Bahar

See Behar. Baharites (ba-har'its), or Baharides (ba-har'idz). A Mameluke dynasty which reigned over Egypt from the middle of the 13th to the end of 14th century. Bahawalpur (bä-hä-wäl-pör') or Bhawalpur (bhäwäl-pör or bhal-pör'). A feudatory state in the Panjab, British India, under British supervision, extending from lat. 28° to 30° N., and from long. 70° to 74° E. Area, 17,285 square miles. Population, 650,042. Bahawalpur. The capital of the state of Bahawalpur, near the Sutlej. Population (1891), Bahia (bä-ē'ä). A state of Brazil, bounded by 18,716. Piauhy, Pernambuco, and Sergipe on the north, the Atlantic on the east, Espirito Santo and Minas Geraes on the south, and Goyaz on the west. It is noted for its tobacco, coffee, and sugar. Area, 164,649 square miles. Population (1893), about 2,000,000. Bahia, or São Salvador da Bahia (soun sälvä-dor dä bä-e'ä). A seaport, capital of the state of Bahia, situated on All Saints' Bay in lat. 13° 1' S., long. 38° 32′ W. It is the second city Bahr-el-Ghazal (bähr-el-ghä-zäl'). One of the chief western tributaries of the White Nile. Also a dry emi ary of Lake Chad. Bahya ben Joseph ben Pakoda. Lived in Sarago a, Spain, in the 11th century. A Jewish religious author and poet. He is best known by his work "Duties of the Heart," which he wrote in Arabic (translated into Hebrew under the title "Hobath ha Lebaboth"), containing meditations and exhortations on the spiritual side of religion. It holds a place among the Jews similar to that of the "Imitation of Christy among Christians. It was translated into Spanish (1610), English translation is now (1893) in course of preparation. Baily, Francis ting hams hire, April 22, 1816. An English poet. He has written "Festus" (1839), "Angel World" (1850), "Mystic" (1855), "The Age, Universal Hymn" (1867), etc. Bailey, Samuel. Born at Sheffield, 1791: died Jan. 18, 1870. An English writer on philosophy and political economy. Bailey, The odor us. Born at Chateau gay, N. Y., April 12, 1805: died at Washington, D. C., Feb. 10, 1877. An American rear-admiral. He entered the navy in 1818, and became lieutenant in 1827, commander in 1849, and captain in 1855. He was second in command in the naval attack on the defenses of New Orleans in 1862, and was sent by Admiral Farragut, April 25, to demand the surrender of the city. He was made commodore in 1862, and in the same year was appointed commander of the Eastern Gulf blockading squadron, in which post he is said to have taken over 150 blockade-runners in eighteen months. He was made rear admiral July 25, 1866, and placed on the retired list Oct. 10, 1866. Bailiff's Daughter of Isling ton, The. An old ballad preserved in Percy's "Reliques" and Ritson's present "Ancient Songs." one is a tale of the true love of a squire's son and a bailiff's daughter. Bailleul (bä-ye'). (bä-ye'). A manufacturing town in the department of Nord, France, 17 miles northwest of Lille. Population Population (1891), 13,276. Baillie (bā'li), Lady Grizel (Grizel Hume). Born at Redbraes Castle, Berwickshire, Dec. 25, 1665: died Dec. 6, 1746. A Scottish poet, daughter of Sir Patrick Hume, first earl of Marchmont. Baillie, Bailly, Harry. The host of the Tabard Inn in Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales." "He is a shrewd, bold, manly, well-informed fellow with a blabbing shrew for a wife." Shakspere's "Mine Host of the Garter" in the "Merry Wives of Windsor" is said to have been taken from him. He is sometimes called "Henry Bailif." or Baillie, Joanna. Born at Both well, Lan arks hire, Scotland, Sept. 11, 1762: died at Hampstead, England, Feb. 23, 1851. A Scotch dramatist and poet. She wrote "Plays on the Pa ions" (1802-36), in which she delineates the principal pa ions tedy mind, each pa ion being made the subject "Lines to Agnes Baillie on her Birthday," "The Kitten," of of a Baiæ (bāyē). [Gr. Βαΐαι.] See Baja . Baiburt (bi-bört'). A town in the vilayet of Erzrum, Asiatic Turkey, 66 miles northwest of Erzrum, on the Ma et. It has an imp or- tant strategic and commercial position. Popu- lati on, 6,000. Baidar (bi-där'). A village and valley near the southern extremity of the Crimea, Ru ia. Baif (bä-ef'), Jean Antoine de. de. Born at Ven- ice, 1532: died at Paris, Sept. 9, 1589. A French poet, natural son of Lazare de Baïf, a friend of Ronsard and a member of the "Pléiade." Baikal (bī'käl), Tatar Bai-kul. [Rich sea.] The largest in southern Siberia on the border of Irkutsk rgest fresh-water lake of Asia, situated and Transbaikalia. Its chief tributaries are the up per Angara, Selenga, and Bargusin, and its outlet is the lower Angara to the Yenisei. Length, 397 miles. Average width, 45 miles. Area, 12,500 square miles. Baikal Mountains. A range of mountains west and northwest of Baikal. Baikie (bā'ki), William Balfour, Born at Kirkwall, Orkney, Aug. 27, 1825: died at Sierra Leone, Dec. 12, 1864. A surgeon (a istant surgeon in the royal navy 1848-51), explorer and pioneer in the valley of the Niger, Africa. He was appointed surgeon and naturalist of the Niger exploring expedition (1854), and succeeded to the command expedition ascended the river 250 miles beyond the high of the country; has a large harbor; comprises an upper and alower town; and is the seat of an archbishopric. It has regular steamship communication with various European and American ports; exports sugar, tobacco, etc.; of the ve el (the Pleiad) on the death of its captain. The flourishing manufactures. It was peopled in 1536, but abandoned; was refounded in 1549; and was the colonial capital of Brazil until 1763. Population (1892), estimated, with suburbs, 200,000. IMG:content-0128.png:[blocks in formation] Bahlapi (bäch-lä'pē). See Chuana . Bahlingen. See Balingen . Bahman (bä'man), Prince. The eldest son of the Sultan of Persia, a character in the story of "The Two Envious Sisters" in "The Arabian Nights' Entertainments." He left with his sister when starting out on his adventures a magical knife: if it kept bright she would know that he was safe, if a drop of blood appeared on it, that he was dead. Bahn (bän). A town in the province of Pomerania, Pru ia, situated on the Thue 66 miles northeast of Berlin. Population, about 3,000. Bähr (bar), Johann Christian Felix. Born at Darmstadt, June 13, 1798: died at Heidelberg, Nov. 29, 1872. A German philologist and historian. He wrote "Geschichte der römischen Literatur" (1828: supplements 1836-37, 1840), etc., and edited the fragments of Ctesias (1825). Bahraich (bä-rich'). A district in the Fyzabad division, in Oudh, British India. Area, 2,680 square miles. Population (1891), 1,000,432. est point before reached. Bailan (in Syria). See Beilan . Bailey (ba'li), Gamaliel. Born at Mount Holly, N. J., Dec. 3, 1807: died at sea, June 5, 1859. An American abolitionist, editor of the "National Era" at Washington. Bailey, James Montgomery. Born in Albany, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1841: died at Danbury, Conn., March 4, 1894. An American humorist, editor of the "Danbury News." Bailey, Joseph. Born at Salem, Ohio, April 28, 1867. An American general in the Civil War. 1827: killed in Newton County, Mo., March 21, While lieutenant-colonel in the Red River expedition, 1864, he constructed a dam (Bailey's dam) above Alexandria to insure the pa age of the fleet, for which service he was made brigadier-general and received the thanks of Congre . He settled in Newton County, Mi ouri, was appointed sheriff, and was a a inated in the discharge IMG:content-0129.png:[blocks in formation] has served as the foundation of other and "To a Child." Baillie Nicol Jarvie. See Jarvie . Baillie, Robert. Born at Glasgow, 1599: died July, 1662. A Scotch Presbyterian divine and controversialist, author of "Letters and Journals, 1637-62," etc. This work is "for Scotland much what Pepys and Evelyn are for England. They are es peciallemaluable in relation to the a embly of 1638 and the of Westminster" ( Dict . Baillie, Robert, of Jerviswood. Executed at Edinburgh, Dec. 24, 1684. A Scottish triot, condemned for alleged complicity in the "Rye House Plot" (which see). Baillon (bä-yôn'), Ernest Henri. Born at Calais, Nov. 30, 1827: died July 19, 1895. A noted French botanist. Baillot (bä-yō'), Pierre Marie François de Sales. Born at Pa y, near Paris, Oct. 1, 1771: died at Paris, Sept. 15, 1842. A French violinist. He was a pupil of Viotti, became profe or of the violin in the Conservatory of Music at Paris 1795, and performed in Ru ia, Holland, and England. He wrote "Art du Violin" (1835). Baillou (bä-yö') (L. Ball on i us), Guillaume de. Born 1538: died 1616. A French physician. He was appointed by Henry IV. first physician to the Dauphin in 1601, and is reputed to have been the first to make known the nature of croup. He wrote "Adversaria medicinal i a," etc. Bailly (bä-ye'), Antoine Nicolas. Born June 6, 1810: died Jan. 1, 1892. A French architect. He was appointed to a position in the administration of the city of Paris in 1834, and became architect to the French government in 1844. He has built the Molière fountain at Paris, reconstructed the cathedral at Digne, and erected the new Tribunal de Commerce at Paris. Bailly, Jean Sylva in. Born at Paris, Sept. 1736: executed at Paris, Nov. 12, 1793. A noted French astronomer and politician. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences, of the Academy of Inscriptions, and of the French Academy, president of the Third Estate and of the National A embly in 1789, and mayor of Paris 1789-91. He wrote "His to ire de l'astronomie" (1775-87), "E ai sur l'origine des fables et des religions anciennes" (1799), "Mémoires," etc. Bailundo (bi-lön'dö). The Portuguese name of Ombalundu, a country and kingdom on the high plateau northeast of Benguella, Angola. The natives of Bailundo are taller than their neighbors of Bihe (Oviye), and not very friendly but two tribes speak dialects of the same language, and are known by the generic name of Ovimbundu. They are the great traders and carriers who bring the produce of central Africa to Benguella. See Umbundu . Baily (bā'li), Edward Hodges. Born at Bristol, England, 1788: died at London, May 22, 1867. A noted English sculptor. Baily, Francis. Born at Newbury, Berks hire, April 28, 1774: died at London, Aug. 30, 1844. Baily, Francis A distinguished English astronomer, reformer of the Nautical Almanac, and reviser of star catalogues. He wrote a "Journal of a Tour in Unsettled Parts of North America in 1796 and 1797" (edited by De Morgan, 1856), "Tables for the Purchasing and Renewing of Leases" (1802), "Doctrine of Interest and Annuities" (1808), etc. Baimenas. An Indian tribe of Sinaloa. Their language has been lost. Bain (ban). Alexander. Born at Watten, Caithne , 1810: died 1877. A Scottish mechanician, inventor of the automatic chemical telegraph (1843). Bain, Alexander. Born at Aberdeen, Scotland, 1818. A Scottish philosophical writer. He was educated at Marischal College, Aberdeen, and became profe or of natural philosophy in the Anderson i an University of Glasgow in 1845, examiner in logic and moral philosophy for the University of London (1857-62, 1864-69), profe or of logic in the University of Aberdeen (1860-80), and lord rector there (1881). His chief works are "The Senses and the Intellect" (1855), "The Emotions and the Will" (1859), "Mental and Moral Science" (1868), "Logic" (1870), "Mind and Body," "Manual of English Composition and Rhetoric" (1866), "Education as a Science," e ays on J. S. Mill, etc. Bainbridge (bān'brij), Christopher. Born at Hilton, West more land, 1464 (?): died at Rome, July 14, 1514. A noted English prelate. He was made bishop of Durham in 1507, archbishop of York in 1508, amba ador to the Pope in 1509, cardinal (St. Praxedis) in 1511 by Julius II., and legate and commander of a papal army. He was poisoned by one of his own chaplains, probably at the instigation of a rival, the Bishop Bainbridge, John. Born at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, England, 1582: died at Oxford, 1643. An English physician and astronomer. Bainbridge, William. Born at Princeton, N.J., May 7, 1774: died at Philadelphia, July 28, 1833. An American naval officer, appointed commodore in 1812. He served as lieutenant-commandant in the quasi-war with France in 1798, and was captured by the French; commanded the Philadelphia termination of the fast of the month of Ramadan. It is a season of great rejoicing at which presents and visits are exchanged. Baird (bard), Absalom. Born at Washington, Pa., Aug. 20, 1824. An American general. He was graduated from West Point in 1849; became captain in the regular army in 1861, and brigadier-general of volunteers in 1862; served as division commander at Chattanooga in 1863, and in the Atlanta campaign of 1864; and in 1865. became brevet brigadier-general and brevet major-general Baird, Charles Washington. Born at Princeton, New Jersey, Aug. 28, 1828. A Presbyterian clergyman, son of Robert Baird. He has written works on the Presbyterian liturgies, local histories, and a " "History of the Huguenot Emigration to America" (1885). Baird, Sir David. Born at Newbyth, Dec., 1757: died Aug. 29, 1829. A British general, He served in British India 1780-89, where he was wounded and imprisoned by Hyder Ali for nearly four years; returned to India as lieutenant-colonel in 1791; took Pond i cherry in 1793; was made major-general (at the Cape) in 1798; led the storming column at the capture of Seringa pat am May 4, 1799; commanded an expedition to Egypt in 1801; led (then lieutenant-general) an army to recapture the Cape of Good Hope in 1806; served in the siege of Copenhagen in 1807; was sent to Spain to reinforce Moore in 1808; and was wounded at Corunna in 1809. Baird, Henry Carey. Born at Brides burg, Pa., Sept. 10, 1825. An American (protectionist) political economist and publisher, nephew of Henry C. Carey. Baird, Henry Martyn. Born at Philadelphia, Jan. 17, 1832. A son of Robert Baird, pro fe or of Greek in the University of the City of New York: author of a "History of the Rise of the Huguenots" (1879), etc. Baird, Robert. Born in Fayette County, Pa., Oct. 6, 1798: died at Yonkers, N. Y., March 15, 1863. An American clergyman and historical writer. He wrote "A View of Religion in America" (1842), "History of the Temperance Societies" (1836), a "History of the Albigenses, Waldenses, and Vaudois," etc. Baker, Sir Richard Bajazet's (alleged) treatment by Timur forms the most powerful portion of Marlowe's "Tambur lane" and also of Rowe's "Tamer lane." He is shown in an iron cage and fed with broken scraps like a dog. Bajazet II. Born 1447: died 1512. Turkish sultan 1481-1512, son of Mohammed II. He was engaged in almost uninterrupted warfare with Hungary, Poland, Venice, Egypt, and Persia; was deposed by his son Selim; and died soon after by poison. Bajazet. A tragedy by Racine, produced Jan. 4, 1672. Bajazet in this play is the brother of the sultan Amurath, and the nece ity of choosing between the throne with Roxane and death with Atalide whom he loves forms the most striking part of the play. Bajazet, Mosque of. A mosque in Constantinople, finished in 1505, one of the finest examples of Moslem architecture. The fore court has elegant Pointed arcades of marble, with capitals of jasper and verde antico . There are four doorways of Persian type, and a graceful octagonal fountain in the middle of the court. The interior displays excellent proportions and details. Bajmok (boi'mok). A town in the county of Bács, Hungary, southwest of Theresienstadt. Population (1890), 7,151. Bajura. The standard of Mohammed. Bajza (boi'zo), Joseph. Born at Szücsi, Hungary, Jan. 31, 1804: died March 3, 1858. A Hungarian poet, critic, and historian. He was appointed director of the National Theater at Pesth in 1837, became editor of the "Ellen or" in 1847, and of Ko uth's "Hirlap" in 1848. Bakacs (bo' koch), Tamás. Died 1521. A Hungarian prelate and statesman. By Vladislaus II. he was made chancellor and archbishop of Gran and later (1500) became cardinal primate of Hungary and papal le gate. He received permi ion from the Pope (1513) to undertake a crusade against the Turks, but the army which he raised was, under the leadership of George Dosa, diverted to an attack on the nobility. It was subdued 1514 by John Zápoly a. Bakalahari (bä-kä-lä-hä'rē). A tribe of the Bechuanas dwelling in the Kalahari desert of South Africa. Nov. 1, she had become fast on in a position such that she could not use her guns; was given command (1812) of a squadron composed of the Constitution, E ex, and Hornet; and as commander of the Constitution captured the British frigate Java Dec. 29, 1812. On his return he took charge of the Charles town navy-yard. In 1815 he commanded a squadron in the Mediterranean; and in 1819, in the Columbus, took command of the squadron in that sea, returning in 1821. He later was stationed at Philadelphia, Boston, and elsewhere. Bain-de-Bretagne (ban'de-bre-täny'). [F., 'bath of Britt any.'] A town and watering place in the department of Ille-et-Vilaine, France, south of Rennes. Population (1891), commune, 4,907. Baines (banz), Edward. Born at Walton-leDale, Lancashire, Feb. 5, 1774: died Aug. 3, 1848. An English journalist and politician, proprietor and editor of the "Leeds Mercury," and author of histories of Yorkshire and Lan cashire, etc. Baines, Sir Edward. Born at Leeds, 1800: died there, March 2, 1890. An English journalist, statesman, and philanthropist, son of Edward Baines. Baines, Matthew Talbot. Born Feb. 17,1799: died Jan. 22, 1860. An English politician, eldest son of Edward Baines, appointed chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, with a seat in the cabinet, in 1855. Baines, Thomas. Born at King's-Lynn, Norfolk, England, 1822: died at Durban, Port Natal, May 8, 1875. An English artist and African explorer. He arrived at Cape Colony in 1842; accompanied the British army throughout the Kafir war 1848-51; explored northwest Australia under August us Gregory 1855-56; was artist and storekeeper to the Living stone Zambesi expedition in 1858; went with Chapman from the southwest coast to the Victoria Falls in 1861; and lectured in England 18641868. He wrote "Explorations in Southwestern Africa" (1864), and "The Gold Regions of Southeastern Africa" (1877). Baini (bä-ē'nē), Giuseppe. Born at Rome, Oct. 21, 1775: died May 10, 1844. An Italian priest, musical critic, and composer: author of a life of Pal estrin a. Bains-en-Vosges(bańʼzon-vōzh'), or Bains-lesBains (ban'la-ban'). A town and watering place in the department of Vosges, France, 16 miles southwest of Epinal. It has hot baths. Population (1891), commune, 2,591. Bairaktar (bi-räk-tär'). A title of Mustapha (1755-1808), grand vizir of Mahmud II. Bairam, or Beiram (bi-räm'). The name of two Mohammedan feasts. The great Bairam ('Idu'l-kabir) forms the concluding ceremony of the pilgrimage to Mecca, and is celebrated on the tenth day of the twelfth Pa., Feb. 3, 1823: died at Wood's Holl, Ma ., Bakarganj. See Backer gunge . Aug. 19, 1887. A noted American naturalist. He Bakasekele (bä-käs-se-ka'le). See Bushmen . was appointed profe or of natural sciences at Dick in son Bakau (bä-kou'), or Bacau, or College, Car lisle, Pennsylvania, in 1845; a istant secretary of the Smithsonian Institution in 1850, secretary in 1878; and United States commi ioner of fish and fisheries in 1871. His works (including scientific papers) are very numerous (over 1,000 titles); among them are a "Catalogue of North American Reptiles" (1853), "Birds of North America" (with Ca in and Lawrence, 1860), "Mammals of North America," "History of North American Birds" (with and Ridgeway, 1874-84), etc. Baireuth. See Bayreuth . (bāz). A river in southern Baise, or Bayse (bāz). France which joins the Garonne west of Agen. Length, about 100 miles. Baiter (bi'ter), Johann Georg. Born at Zürich, May 31, 1801: died there, Oct. 10, 1877. A Swi cla ical philologist. He was profe or in the University of Zürich 1833-49, and prorector of the gymnasium of Zürich 1849-65. He published, with Sauppe, an edition of the "Or a to res Attici" (1839-50), and, with Orelli, the "Fabellæ iambice" of Babrius (1845). Baitul (bā-töl'). A district of the Central Prov inces, India; also, its capital. Baja (bäyä). A seaport in Camp an i a, Italy, near Cape Misenum on the Gulf of Pozzuoli, west of Naples: the ancient Baise. It was formerly a great seaport and the leading Roman watering place, especially in the times of Horace, Nero, and Hadrian. It was famous for its luxury, and contained the villas of many celebrated Romans. It was plundered by the Saracens. Among the antiquities of Baja are: (1) A temple of Diana , so called, in reality part of a Roman bath. It is octagonal without, circular within, with a pointed dome 97 feet in diameter. The walls have four ornamental niches. The structure is in opus incertum cased in masonry of brick and stone. (2) A temple of Mercury , so called, in reality part of a Roman bath, three subdivisions of which survive. The chief of these is the frigidarium, or cold bath, a circular domed structure 144 feet in diameter, with a circular opening at the apex, as in the Pantheon at Rome. The two others are rectangular and vaulted, the vault of one having excellent ornament in relief. (3) A temple of Venus , so called, in fact part of a Roman bath, an octagonal buttre ed structure of opus incertum cased in brick, and opus reticula tum , cir cular within, 94 feet in diameter, and domed. It has eight windows above, four doors below, and had lateral chambers containing stairs. Baja (bo'yo). A town in the county of Bács, Hungary, situated near the Danube 93 miles south of Budapest. Population (1890), 19,485, Bajada del Paraná. See Paraná . Bajazet (baj-a-zet') I., or Bayazid, or Bajasid (bä-yä-zēd'). [Turk. Bayazid .] Born 1347: died 1403. Sultan of the Turks 1389-1403, son month. Each householder who is able to do so sacrifices a sheep, the flesh of which is divided into three portions, one for the family, one for relatives, and one for the poor. The le er Bairam is celebrated at the of Amurath I.: surnamed "Ilderim" ('lightning') on account of his rapid movements. He conquered Bulgaria and a great part of Asia Minor, Macedonia, Servia, and The aly; defeated the allied Hungarians, Poles, and French at Nicopolis 1396; and was defeated by Timur at Angora 1402, and held prisoner by him until his death. He is said to have been carried about in an iron cage: but this is a mere invention of later writers. Bacau, or Bakeu. A town in Moldavia, Rumania, situated on the Bistritza 55 miles southwest of Ja y. It is a railway center. Population, 12,675. Bake (bä'ke), Jan. Born at Leyden, Sept. 1, 1787: died March 26, 1864. A Dutch cla ical philologist and critic. He was profe or of Greek and Roman literature in the University of Leyden 1817-57 and published, with Geel, Hamaker, and Peerlkamp, the "Bibliotheca critic a Bakel (bakeca no fortified town and trading station in Senegal, French West Africa, situated on the Senegal about lat. 15° N. Baker (ba'ker), Edward Dick in son. Born at London, England, Feb. 24, 1811: killed Oct. 21, 1861, at the battle of Ball's Bluff. An American politician and soldier. He was Whig member of Congre from Illinois 1845-46; colonel in the Mexican war and brigade commander; member of Congre from Illinois 1849-51: and Republican United States senator from Oregon 1860-61. He commanded, as colonel, a brigade at Ball's Bluff. Baker, George August us. Born in New York city, 1821: died there, April 2, 1880. An American portrait-painter. Baker, Mrs. (Harriette New all Woods): pseudonym Mrs. Made line Leslie. Born at And over, Ma ., 1815. An American writer of juvenile stories, wife of Rev. S. R. Baker and daughter of Rev. Leonard Woods. Baker, Henry. Born at London, May 8, 1698: died at London, Nov. 25, 1774. An English naturalist and poet, son-in-law of Defoe. is best known as the author of "The Microscope Made Easy" (1743), and "Employment for the Microscope" (1753). He Baker, John Gilbert. Born at Guisborough, Yorkshire, Jan. 13, 1834. An English botanist. He became a istant curator of the herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1866, and in 1882 lecturer and demonstrator in botany to the Apothecaries' Company. Baker, Lafayette C. Born at Stafford, Gene see County, N. Y., Oct. 13, 1826: died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 2. 1868. An American brigadier general, head of the bureau of secret service in the Civil War. He organized the pursuit of Wilkes Booth, and was present at his death. He wrote a "History of the United States Secret Service in the Late War" (1868). Baker, Sir Richard. Born at Si ing hurst, in Ke Kent, about 1568: died at London, in the Fleet Prison, Feb. 18, 1645. An English writer. author of "Chronicle of the Kings of England" (1641), and of various devotional and other works. He died in destitution due to his becoming surety for debts owed by relatives of his wife. His literary work was all done in the Fleet. See Chronicle of the Kings of England. IMG:content-0130.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0131.png:[ocr errors] Baker, Thomas. Born at Lan chester, Durham, Sept. 14, 1656: died at Cambridge, July 2, 1740. An eminent English antiquary. He left a valuable collection of materials in forty-two manuscript volumes relating to the history of Cambridge: twenty-three vol- umes are in the Harleian collection (British Museum) and the remaining nineteen in the library of Cambridge Uni. versity. Bakhuyzen, or Bakhuizen. See Backhuysen . Bakke-Bakke. See Pygmies . Bakony (bok'ōny) Forest, G. Bakonyerwald. A hilly volcanic region in Hungary, south and west of the Danube, southwest of Budapest, and north of Lake Balaton. It had formerly ex- tensive forests, and was noted as a resort for robbers. Its highest point is about 2,300 feet. Bakunin (bä - kön yên), Michael. Born at Torzhok, Ru ia, 1814: died at Bern, July 1, 1876. A Ru ian socialist and political agita- tor, regarded as the founder of Nihilism. He took part in the revolutionary movement in Germany, especially at Dresden, 1848-49; was exiled to Siberia in 1851; escaped to Japan, and arrived in England in 1861; and founded the Alliance of the Social Democracy in 1869, which was absorbed the same year by the International. On account of his extreme views he was expelled from the latter at The Hague congre in 1872. Bala (bä'lä). A town in Meri on eths hire, Wales, 20 miles southwest of Denbigh. Bala (bä'la), Lake. A small lake in Merion- Balaam (ba lam). [Heb., 'the destroyer. ethshire, Wales, near Bala. Its outlet is the Dee. A prophet of Pethor, in Me so pot am i a, men- tioned in the Book of Numbers. The Moabite king Balak sent for him to curse the Israeli tes, who had already conquered Bashan and the land of King Sihon, and were threatening Moab. See the story in Num. xxii., xxiii. Balaam. A character in Dryden's satire "Ab- IMG:content-0132.png:[blocks in formation] Balance, The. See Libra . Balance, Justice. The father of Sylvia in Far- quhar's comedy "The Recruiting Officer," one of the principal characters. Balantes (bä-län'tes). A heathen tribe, of the Nigritic branch, in Portuguese Guinea, West Africa. Balarama (ba-la-rä'mä). In Hindu mythology, the elder brother of Krishna. In the Mahabharata he teaches Duryodhana and Bhima the use of the mace. of Hunting don. Balaclava. See Balaklava . Baladan (bä-lä-dän'). Mentioned in 2 Ki. xx. 12, Isa. xxxix. 1, as father of Merodach-baladan (A yrian Marduk - abal - iddina , the god Mero- dach gave the son). The latter was king of Baby- lonia 721-710 B. C., a contemporary of Sennacherib, king of As syria, and Hezekiah, king of Judah, to the latter of whom he sent presents and congratulations upon his re- covery. Baladan is probably shortened from Merodach- baladan. Balafré (bä-lä-fra'), Le. [F., 'the scarred.] 1. The name given to Henri and François, the second and third dukes of Guise, from sword- cuts which scarred their faces.-2. See Lesly , Ludovic. Balagansk (bä-lä-gänsk'). A small town in the government of Irkutsk, on the Angara northwest of Irkutsk. Near it is a noted cave. Balaghat (bä-lä-gat'), or Balaghaut. A dis- trict in the Central Provinces, British India, sit- uated in lat. 21°-23° N., long. 80°-81° E. Area, 3,139 square miles. Population (1891), 383,331. Balaguer (bä-lä-gar'), Vittorio. Born at Bar- celona, Dec. 11, 1824. A Catalan poet, his to- rian, and novelist. He became keeper of the archives at Barcelona in 1854, and soon after profe or of history. Author of "Trovador de Montserrat" (1850), "Don Juan de literaria Serravalle" de los trovadores" (5th ed. 1875), (1878-80). and "Hist or i a polític a y Balaguer (bä-lä-gar'). A town in the prov- ince of Lerida, Spain, situated on the Segre 25 miles northeast of Lerida. Population, about 4,000. Balahi ar (bä-lä-his'sär). A ruined town in Asia Minor, near the Sangar i us, 85 miles south- west of Angora, on the supposed site of the ancient Pe inus. Balak (bālak). [Heb., 'destroyer.] In Old Testament history, a king of the Moabites. See Balak. A character in Dryden and Tate's sat- ire "Absalom and Achitophel," intended for Dr. Burnet. Balakhany (bä-lä-chäny'). A small town north of Baku, Caucasia, noted for its petroleum springs. Balakhna (bä-läch'nä), sometimes Balatchna (bä-läch'nä). A small town in the government of Nizhni-Novgorod, Ru ia, situated on the Volga northwest of Nizhni-Novgorod, noted for shoemaking. Balaklava, or Balaclava (bäl-ä-klävä). A small seaport in the Crimea, Ru ia, about 8 miles southeast of Sebastopol: the ancient Symbol on Portus, and the medieval Cembalo, headquarters of the Allies in the Crime an war. A Greek colony was settled here by Catherine II. It was the of engagements between the Ru ians and the Allies took place near Balaklava, Oct. 25, 1854. General Liprandi, with about 12,000 Ru ians, took some redoubts, com- mitted to about 250 Turks, which commanded the cause- way to the (English) port of Balaklava, and threatened the port itself. The attack was diverted by a brilliant charge of the Heavy Brigade, led by General Scarlett. Through a misconception of the general-in-chief's (Lord Raglan's) order, Lord Lucan, commander of the cavalry, ordered Lord Cardigan, with the Brigade, charge the Baku. A seaport, capital of the government of Baku, situated on the Caspian Sea, on the southern coast of the Apsheron Peninsula, in lat. 40° 23′ N.. long. 49° 52′ E., famous as a center of petroleum production. It has an exten- sive trade in petroleum, grain, etc.; is one of the leading Ba-Lala (bä-läl'ä). See Bushmen. Ru ian artillery at the extremity of the northern valley in the plain of Balaclava. With a battery in front and one on each side the Light Brigade hewed its way past the guns in front and routed the enemy's cavalry. Of 670 horsemen 198 returned. This charge has been made the subject of a well-known poem by Tennyson. Balami (bä-lä'mē). A learned vizir of the Samanide, Abu Salih Mansur ben Nuh. He col- lected old Iranian traditions, and in 963 wrote a Persian abridgment of the great Arabic history of Tabari. Balan (bä-lon'). 1. An early French version of the romance of "Fierabras," which appears in Montpellier, Sept. 30, 1802: died at Paris, March 31, 1876. A French chemist. He became profe or of chemistry in the College of France in 1851. He discovered bromine in 1826. Balaruc (bä-lä-rük'). A small watering-place in the department of Hérault, France, on the Étang de Thau. Balashoff (bä-lä-shof'). A town in the govern- ment of Saratoff, Ru ia, on the Khoper 120 miles west of Saratoff. Population (1889), 11,030. Balasore. See Balasur . Bala a (bol'osh-sho), Bálint (Valentine). Born 1551: died 1594. A Hungarian poet. Bala a-Gyarmath (bol'osh-sho-dyor'mot). The capital of the county of Nógrád, Hungary, 42 miles north of Budapest. Population (1890), 7,738. Balasur (bal-a-sör'). A seaport, capital of the district of Balasur, in Ori a, British India, near the coast. Population, about 20,000. Balaton (bol'ot-on), Lake, G. Plat ten see (plät'ten-zā). The largest lake in Hun- gary, situated 50 miles southwest of Buda- pest. Its outlet is by the Sio and Sarviz to the Danube. Length, 45 miles. Breadth, 6 to 10 miles. Balawat (bä-lä-wät'). A mound of ruins about 15 miles east of Mosul and 9 miles from Nimrud. It attained some importance in the history of A yriology through the discovery made there by the excavator Hor- muzd Ra am, in 1877, of bronze plates which served as covers of gates to the court of the royal palace of Shal- maneser II., king of As syria 860-824 B. C. The plates are decorated in repou é work with bas-reliefs representing scenes of war, games, sacrifices, and with inscriptions con- taining a concise record of the first nine years of the reign of that king. They are now in the British Museum. Balbek. See Baalbec . Balbi (bäl'bē), Adriano. Born at Venice, April 25, 1782: died at Padua, March 14, 1848. An Italian geographer and statistician, author of "Atlas eth no graph i que du globe" (1826), "Abrégé de géographie" (1832), etc. Balbi, Gasparo. A Venetian traveler. He spent the years 1579-88 in India. On his return to Venice he published "Viaggio nelle Indie Oriental i " (1590), which was inserted by the brothers De Bry in their collection of voyages (1606). Balbo (bäl'bō), Count Cesare. Born at Turin, Nov. 21, 1789: died there, June 3, 1853. An Ital- 1848. He wrote "Storia d'Italia" (1830), "Vita ian statesman and writer, premier of Sardinia in di Dante" (1839), "Delle speranze d'Italia" (1844), etc. Balboa (bäl-bō'ä), or Balvoa, Miguel Cabello de. Born in Archidona about 1525: died, prob- He served as ably in Peru, after 1586. A Spanish historian. as a soldier in the French wars, but subsequently took orders, and went to America about 1566, residing for a time at Bogotá, and later in Lima and Cuzco. He wrote "Miscelanea An artic a y orígen de los Incas del Perú," which remained in manuscript until 1840, when a French translation was published in the Ternaux-Com- pans collection, as "L'His to ire du Pérou." Balboa, Vasco Nuñez Balboa, Vasco Nuñez. Born at Xeres de los Caballeros, 1475: died at Acla, near Darien, 1517 or 1518. A Spanish soldier, the discoverer of the Pacific Ocean. In 1500 he went to America with the expedition of Rodrigo Bastidas, and was left by him at Española. In 1510 he went to Darien where he was later elected alcalde in a new settlement formed by his advice. In 1512 he received from Pas a monte, king's treasurer at Santo Domingo, a commi ion to act as governor. Balboa made numerous explorations, generally conciliating the Indians; and from them he learned that there was a great sea to the south (the Pacific), and far southward a country rich in gold, where the people were civilized IMG:content-0133.png:[blocks in formation] ود 1688). Baldock (bal'dok), Ralph de. Died 1313. Bishop of London (1304) and lord chancellor (April, 1307). He was removed on the acces sion of Edward II. (Peru). Determined to discover these, he set out from Baldock, Robert de. Died 1327. An English Darien with part of his force Sept. 1, 1513, and after an adventurous journey reached, on Sept. 25, a mountain from which he first saw the Pacific. The shore itself was attained on Sept. 29, and Balboa, entering the water, took po e ion for the kings of Castile. He returned to Darien Jan. 29, 1514. In the same year (June 30) Pedro Arias de Avila (called Pedrarias) arrived as governor of the colony. The relations of the two men were unfriendly, but Balboa obtained permi ion to explore the South Sea. Cutting the timbers for his ships on the Caribbean side, he transported them with immense labor acro the isthmus, and had launched two ve els when he was arrested by Pedrarias, on a charge of contemplated revolt, and beheaded. lord chancellor (1323) under Edward II. He was overthrown with the De Spencers, and died in London as the result of ill treatment by a mob. Baldovinetti (bäl-do-ve-net'tē), Ale io. Born at Florence, Oct. 14, 1427: died there, Aug. 29, 1499. A noted Florentine painter and worker in mosaics. Baldovini (bäl-dō-vē'nē), Francesco. Born at Florence, Feb. 27, 1635: died Nov. 18, 1716. An Italian poet, author of "Lamento di Cecco da Varlungo, etc." (1694), etc.