These twelve signs are divided into four groups of three each-represent

ing the spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons. The sign fis derived from the horns of a ram; 8, the head and horns of a bull; I, the statues of Castor and Pollux;, the claws of a crab;, a corruption of the Greek letter Lambda, the initial of Leon, a lion, or else a representation of a lion's tail; 哑, a corruption of par , the first syllable of the Greek word for virgin ; a balance; m, the legs and tail of a scorpion; 1, an arrow and a small portion of the bow, which is to be seen at the bottom of the character; 13, a character combining the letters of the Greek word tragos a goat; w , waves of water; *, two fishes tied together. IMG:content-1554.png:[blocks in formation] 5. SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ASTRONOMICAL CALCULATIONS a. Mean distance. A. R. Right ascension. B Celestial latitude. D. Diameter. 8 Declination. A Distance. E. East. e Eccentricity. h., or h Hours; as 5h., or 5h. i Inclination to the ecliptic. AND FOR MULE. L, L, ore Mean longitude in orbit. Longitude. M. Ma . m., or m Minutes of time; as 5m., 5m. μ, orn Mean daily motion. + or N. North. II. IMG:content-1555.png:[blocks in formation] BOTANICAL. IMG:content-1556.png:[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small] One equivalent of oxygen; -when written above an elemental symbol the number of repetitions indicates the number of equivalents of oxygen entering into a composition; as, S=SO3. One atom or equivalent of sulphur; thus, Fe=bisulphide of iron. IMG:content-1557.png:[merged small][merged small][ocr errors] IMG:content-1558.png:[blocks in formation] Is equal to; equals. > Is more than; as, x > y ; that is, a is greater than y. x y . The above signs reversed have a contrary meaning and expre the fact that numbers may be equal or greater or le than the number at the apex of the angle. Is equivalent to; applied to magnitudes or quantities which are equal in area or volume, but are not of the same form. Of the form of; as 19 (2×9+1); that is, the odd number 19 is of the form 2×9+1. Is divisible by; as, xy; that is y is an exact factor of x . The difference between; used to designate the difference between two quantities without indicating which is the greater. -: The same as ~. Varies as; as, xy; that is, a varies as y. Geometrical proportion; as, x :y::a: b , that is, the geometrical pro portion of those quantities. NAME. Sym- At. NAME. bol. Ma . Symbol.