Charles received him sternly

and gave him over to a court-martial consisting of Italians and Spaniards, under the presidency of Alva, which condemned him to death. The elector saved his life only by renouncing his electorate and his hereditary estates, but he remained a prisoner. Meanwhile the emperor appeared somewhat more moderately inclined toward the vanquished party. On coming to Wittenberg he expre ed surprise that the exercise of the Luther an worship had been discontinued. The Landgrave of He e- Ca el, one of the heads of the Protestants, was compelled to sue for mercy. Notwithstanding his promise Charles deprived him of his freedom. After having di olved the League of Schmalkalden the emperor again occupied himself with the plan of uniting all religious parties, and for this purpose i ued the “ Interim,” which was as fruitle as the measures proposed by him at the Diet of Augsburg. The fortunes of war changed, and the Protestants dictated the conditions of the treaty of Pa au in 1552. Charles saw all bis plans frustrated and the number of his enemies increasing. He abdicated the imperial throne, and selected for his residence the monastery of St. Justus, near Plasencia in Estremadura, and here he exchanged sovereignty, dominion, and pomp for the quiet and solitude of a cloister. His death took place Sept. 21, 1558. Charles I., King of.England and Scotland; born in Scotland in 1600; was the third son of James VI. and Anne of Denmark. Soon after the birth of his son James succeeded to the crown of England, and on the death of Prince Henry in 1612, Robert, the second son, having died in infancy, Charles became heir-apparent, but was not created Prince of Wales till 1616. His youth appears to have pa ed respectably, little being recorded of him previous to bis journey into Spain in company with Bucking ham, in order to pay his court in person to the Spanish Infanta. ‘Through the arrogance of Bucking ham this match was prevented, and the prince was soon. after contracted to Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV. of Hrance. In 1625 he succeeded to the throne on the death of his father. Charles began to employ his threatened mode of raising funds by loans, benevolences, and similar unpopular proceedings; which were wholly opposed to the rising notions of civil liberty throughout the nation, and to the constitutional doctrine which rendered the Commons the guardian and dispenser of the public treasure.