Paqotce

See Iowa. Pará (pä-rä'). A river of northeastern Brazil, physically the estuary of the To can tins, but receiving a large amount of water from the Amazon through a network of narrow channels on the southern side of the island of Marajó. It is therefore commonly called one of the mouths of the Amazon. Width, where it enters the Atlantic, 40 miles. Pará. The northeasternmost state of Brazil, bordering on Guiana and the Atlantic. The surface is generally level. Area, 443,653 square miles. Population (1888), 407,350. Pará, or Belem: in full Santa Maria de Belem do Grão Pará (sän'tä mä-rē'ä de bā-lan' độ groun pä-rä'). A seaport, capital of the state of Pará, Brazil, situated on the river Pará in lat. 1° 27′ S., long. 48°30′ W. It is the center of the river trade of the Amazon system; and exports rubber, cacao, copaiba balsam, hides, nuts, etc. It was founded in Dec., 1615. Population, about 65,000. Parabosco (pä-rä-bos'kō), Girolamo. Born at Placentium: died at Venice about 1557. A noted Italian musician and poet. He was organist and chapel-master at St. Mark's in Venice. He published "Rime" (poems, 1547), "Il Progne" (1548: a tragedy), "L'Oracolo" (1551-52), “I' Diporti" (1552: a collection of 17 novels), six comedies which were collected and published at Venice (1560), etc. Para cels us (par-a-sel's us), Philip pus Aureolus (originally Theophrastus Bombast us von Hohenheim). Born at Maria-Einsiedeln, Switzerland, Dec. 17, 1493: died at Salzburg, Sept. 23, 1541. A celebrated German-Swi phys i cian and alchemist. He entered the University of Basei at the age of sixteen, but left without a degree, and spent many years in travel and intercourse with distinguished scholars. He lectured on medicine at Basel from about 1526 to 1528, when he was driven from the city by the medical corporations, whose methods he had severely criticized. He is important in the history of medicine chiefly on account of the impetus which he gave to the development of pharmaceutical chemistry. He was also the author of a visionary and theosophic system of philosophy. The first collective edition of his works appeared at Basel in 1589-91. Among the many legends concerning him is that of his sword in the hilt of which he kept a familiar or small demon. Para cels us. A poem by Robert Browning, published in 1835-36. Paraclet (pä-rä-klā'). A hamlet near Nogentsur-Seine, Aube, France. It was formerly the seat of a nunnery, founded in 1123 by Abélard, of which Héloïse was abbe . Paradise. A fresco by Orcagna, in Santa Maria Novella, Florence, notable for the solemnity and harmony of its composition. Christ and the Virgin are enthroned above great companies of apostles, IMG:content-0882.png:[blocks in formation] are the "Last Judgment" and "Hell." spirit, soul of the universe. an Paradise. A painting by Tin to ret to, the largest Paramatta. See Parramatta . picture ever painted on canvas (84 by 25t feet), Paramushir (pä-rä-mö-sher'), or Poromushir covering the east wall of the Sala del Maggior (pō-rō-mö-sher'). One of the larger islands inst the northern part of the Kurile group, south of i Consiglio in the ducal palace at Venice. It is darkened by injudicious restoration, but is highly impres- Kamchatka. sive in composition, and full of beauties of detail. Paradise Lost. An epic poem by John Milton, published in 1667, in twelve books. The subject is the fall of man. This is his greatest work, and the chief epic in the English language. Paradise of Dainty Devices, The. A collec- tion of poems compiled by Richard Edwards in 1576. It was very popular, and went through nine or ten editions before 1600. Paradise of Fools. Limbo. Paradise Regained. An epic poem, in four books, by John Milton, published in 1671. The subject is the redemption. Paradiso (pä-rä-dē'sō), Il. [It., 'Paradise.'] The third part of the "Divine Comedy," by Dante. Paragua. See Palawan . Paraguay (par'a-gwi), Sp. and Pg. Paraguay a (pär-ä-gwi'ä). A river of South America, properly the upper portion of the Paraná. It rises in the table-land of western Brazil near lat. 14° 15′ S., flows south, and unites with the Upper Paraná to form the Lower Paraná in lat. 27° 17′ S., long. 58° 30′ W. It flows succe ively through Brazil, between Brazil and Bolivia, through northern Paraguay, separating the Paraguay an Chaco from the main portion, and finally between Paraguay and the Argentine Republic. In Brazil it is bordered by the vast swampy region called the Charaes marshes (see Charaes ). The principal tributaries are Paran (pā'ran). In Bible geography, a wilderne south of Palestine and north of Sinai. It pa was the scene of the wanderings of the Israeli tes before they entered Canaan. Paraná (pä-rä-nä'). A river of South America, flowing into the Plata, which forms the estuary of the Paraná and Uruguay. It is divided phys i Pa cally into the Upper and Lower Paraná. 'The latter is properly a continuation of the Paraguay, the Upper Pa-Pa raná being an eastern affluent. It has a general southerly te course, entirely in the Argentine Republic, and its princi pal affluent is the Salado in the west. The Upper Paraná is formed by the junction of the Rio Grande and Paranahyba in Brazil (near lat. 20° S., long. 50° 50 W.). It re- Pa ceives several large Brazilian rivers (the Pardo, Tieté, Para napa nema, Ivahy, etc.); flows southward between Brazil and Paraguay; turns westward between Paraguay and the Argentine Republic; and by its junction with the Parana. The central portion is obstructed by rapids and raguay (lat. 27° 17′ S., long. 58° 30′ W.) forms the Lower Çafalls, the highest being the Sete Quedas (which see). Length of the Upper Paraná, about 1,200 miles (or, with the Para napa nema, 1,730 miles); navigable to the Apipé rapids (about 150 miles). Length of the Lower Paraná, 850 miles (or, with the Plata, 1,080 miles); entirely navigable. Paraná. A maritime state in southern Brazil, separated from Paraguay by the river Paraná. Capital, Curityba. The surface is mountainous and table-land. Area, 85,453 square miles. Population (1890), 626,722. re the São Lourenço (receiving the Cuyaba) and Taquary on the east, and the Pilcomayo and Vermejo on the west. Length, about 1,500 miles (with the Lower Paraná and Plata, 2,580 miles); navigable to Villa Maria, 300 miles from its source. Paraguay. An interior republic of South America, between the Paraná on the east and south and the Paraguay on the west, with a westward extension between the Paraguay and Pilcomayo: bounded north by Bolivia and Brazil, east by Brazil, and south and west by the Argentine Republic. Capital, As unci on. The main portion is hilly or undulating, with a line of high hills, called mountains, in the interior; the part west of the Paraguay, included in the Gran Chaco region (which see), is flat, partly swampy, and has few inhabitants except wild Indians. The climate is semi-tropical. The principal products are hides, fruits, a little sugar, tobacco, and mate or Paraguay tea. Most of Paraná. The capital of Entre Rios, Argentine Republic, situated on the Paraná. Formeriy called Bajada de Santa Fé or del Paraná . Population (1895), 24,100. Paraná, Marquis of. See Carneiro Leão , Нопо rio Her me to . Paranaguá (pä-rä-nä-gwä'). A seaport in the state of Paraná, Brazil, situated in lat. 25° 31′ S., long. 48° 27′ 51′′ W. Population, about 5,000. Paranahyba (pä-rä-nä-e'bä), or Parnahyba (pär-nä-e'bä). 1. A river in Brazil, one of the chief head streams of the Paraná. It forms part of the boundary between the states of Goyaz and Minas Geraes.-2. Ariver in Brazil which flows into the Atlantic about lat. 2° 50′ S. Length, about 830 miles.-3. A seaport in the province of Piauhy, Brazil, situated on the last- mentioned river near its mouth. Population, about 5,000. Paranhos, José Maria da Silva. See Silva Paranhos . the inhabitants are a mixed race, descended from Spaniards and Guarany Indians; the common language is a corrupt The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic. Executive au- form of Guarany, but Spanish is spoken in the larger places. thority is vested in a president elected for four years, and congre consists of a senate and a chamber of deputies. The country has a very imperfect railroad and telegraph system. Paraguay was settled by Spaniards in 1536, and the Pararauates. See Parentintims . colony at first included all the Platine region; the south- ern part was separated in 1620, and the country, as a prov- ince, approximately with its present limits, was attached to the viceroyalty of La Plata in 1776. Jesuit influence became predominant in the 17th century, and the order had here its most celebrated mi ions until it was expelled refusing to unite with the Argentine Confederation. It was succe ively under the absolute dictatorship of Francia (1814-40), C. A. Lopez (1841-62), and F. L. Lopez (1862-70). The last in 1865 provoked a war with Brazil, the Argentine, and Uruguay (see Triple Alliance, War of in 1767. The colony declared its independence in 1811, Parashurama (pa-ra-shö-rä'ma). ['Rama with the ax.'] The first of the three Ramas, and the sixth avatar a or incarnation of Vishnu, Vishnu having appeared in this incarnation to repre the tyranny of the Kshatriya, or military caste. He typifies the Brahmans in their contests with the Kshatriya. He was a Brahman, the fifth son of Jamadagni, and on his father's side descended from Bhrigu, whence he is the Bhargava, while on the maternal side he was of the race of the Kushikas. In the Mahabharata he instructs the ), which terminated with his death after the country Arjuna in the use of arms, and fights with Bhishma; is had been completely impoverished and a great part of the adult male population had been killed. The present constitution was adopted in 1870. The territory west of the Paraguay (Paraguay an Chaco) was claimed by the Argentine, but was awarded to Paraguay by the arbitration of President Hayes of the United States in 1878. Area, about 95,000 square miles. The very imperfect census of 1887 gave a civilized population of $29,645. In 1897 the white population was officially estimated at 600,000. Paraguay an War. See Triple Alliance , War of the . Parahyba, or Parahiba, or Paraiba (pä-rä-e'bä). 1. Ariver in the state of Parahyba, Brazil. Length, over 200 miles. Also called Parahyba do Norte .-2. Ariver which rises in the state of São Paulo, separates Minas Geraes from Rio de Janeiro, and flows into the Atlantic northeast of Rio de Janeiro. Length, 658 miles. Also called Parahyba do Sul .-3. A maritime state of Brazil, situated north of Pernambuco. Area, 28,854 square miles. Population (1890), 382, 587.-4. The capital of the state of Parahyba, situated on the river Parahyba, near its mouth, in lat. 7° 7' S., long. 34° 53′ W. Population (1890), 40,000. Parallel Lives. The chief work of Plutarch. See Plutarch . Paramaribo (par-a-mar'i-bō). The capital of Dutch Guiana, or Surinam, situated on the Surinam in lat. 5° 50′ N., long. 55° 13′ W. It has im portant commerce, and exports sugar, rum, mola es, cotton, etc. It was founded by the French about 1600. Population (1890), 28,831. Par am at man (pa-ra-mät'man). [Skt.: parama , a war council of Kauravas; and struck sensele by Ramachandra, the seventh avatar. In the Ramayana, Parashurama, aggrieved by Rama's breaking the bow of Shiva, challenges him to a trial of strength, and is defeated by him. Paras i taster (par-a-si-tas'ter), or the Fawn. A play by Marston, acted at Black friars in 1604, and printed in 1606. The writers of Jonson's days seem to have connected, I know not why, the idea of a spy or splenetic observer with that of a faun. Marston calls one of his plays "The Fawne," in allusion to a character in disguise who watches and exposes all the persons of the drama in succe ion.