Population (1890), 32,052

Alaska Peninsula. A peninsula in the territory of Alaska, extending into the Pacific, and partly inclosing Bering Sea, traversed by a volcanic range. Alaska Strait. A sea pa age between the mainland of Alaska and Kodiak Island. Alasnam (a-las'nam). In the "Arabian Nights' Entertainments," a man who became po e ed of eight magnificent golden statues, and on searching for the ninth, which was more singular and precious still, discovered it in the person of a beautiful woman, whom he married. Ala io (ä-läs'sē-ō). A small seaport in the province of Genoa, Italy, situated on the Gulf of Genoa about 48 miles southwest of Genoa. It is a bathing-place and winter health-resort. Alastor (a-las'tor). 1. In Greek mythology, a surname of Zeus as the avenger: also applied to any avenging deity or demon.-2. In medieval demonology, a spirit of evil, the executor of the sentences of the king of hell.-3. A poem by Shelley, published in 1816, named from its chief character, "Alastor or the Spirit of Solitude." The poet's self-centred seclusion was avenged by the Furies of an irresistible pa ion pursuing him to speedy Preface to the Poem , Dec. 14, 1815. ruin. Alatau (ä-lä-tou'), or Sungar i an (sung-gar' i-an) Alatau. A mountain-range in Semiryetchensk, Asiatic Ru ia, on the boundary between that government and the Chinese province of Ili, about lat. 44° 46′ N. It reaches a height of about 11,000 feet. Alatau, or Kusnetzky (köz-net'skē) Alatau. A range of mountains in the governments of Tomsk and Yeniseisk, Siberia, extending about northeast and southwest. Alatau, or Trans-Ili (tranz-ē'lē) Alatau. A mountain system in Semiryetchensk, Asiatic Ru ia, south of the river Ili. It reaches a height of over 15,000 feet. Ala the us (a-la'the-us), or Odotheus (ō-dō'the us). Died 386 A. D. An Ostrogothic general. On the death of Vithimir, 376, he became with Saphrax the guardian of Vithericus, king of the Greuthungi, the chief tribe of the Ostrogoths. Ala the us and Saphrax fought under the Visigoth Fridigern at the battle of Adrianople in 378. Alatri (ä-lä'tre). A town in the province of Rome, Italy, about 45 miles east by south of Rome: the ancient Alatrium. There is an ancient temple beyond the Porta San Pietro, prostyle, with two Tuscan columns before the antæ, in plan 26 by 47 feet. At some time subsequent to its construction, a post i cum was added, of similar disposition to the pronaos. Population, about 5,000. Alatyr (ä-lä-tēr'). A town in the government of Simbirsk, Ru ia, on the Sura about lat. 54° 53′ N., long. 46° 30′ E. Population, 10,092. Also Alateer . Alava (ä'lä-vä). One of the Basque provinces in Spain, capital Vitoria, bounded by Biscay and Guipúzcoa on the north, Navarre on the east, Logroño on the south, and Burgos on the west. Area, 1,205 square miles. Population (1887), 92,893. Alava, Miguel Ricardo de. Born at Vitoria, Spain, 1771: died at Barèges, France, 1843. A Spanish politician and general. He fought under Wellington in the Peninsular campaign, at the close of which he had obtained the rank of brigadier-general; was president of the Cortes May, 1822; fought in the same year under Ballast eros and Murillo in support of the Cortes against the rebels; went into exile 1823, on the restoration of Ferdinand by French intervention; espoused the cause of Maria Christina against Don Carlos on the death of Ferdinand; was amba ador to London 1834, and to Paris 1835; and retired to France after the insurrection of La Granja. Alava y Navarete (ä'lä-vä e nä-vä-ra tā), Ignacio Maria de. Born at Vitoria, Spain, about 1750: died at Chiclana, near Cadiz, May 26, 1817. A Spanish admiral and explorer. He is best known for his voyage of circumnavigation of the globe, commenced in 1794, in which he explored the coasts of South Italy, on the Tanaro about 31 miles southeast of Turin: the ancient Alba Pompeja. It has a cathedral. Population, about 9,000. Alba, Duke of. See Alva . Alba de Liste, Count of. See Henriquez de Guzman, Luis. Albacete (äl-ba-tha'tā). A province in the titular kingdom of Murcia, Spain, bounded by Cuenca on the north, Valencia and Alicante on the east, Murcia and Granada on the south, and Jaen and Ciudad Real on the west. It is mountainous in the west, and elsewhere a table-land. Area, 5,972 square miles. Population (1887), 229,492. Albacete. The capital of the province of Albacete, about lat. 38° 58′ N., long. 1° 55′ W. It manufactures and exports cutlery. Population (1887), 20,794. Alba de Tormes (äl'bä dã tor'mās). A small town in the province of Salamanca, Spain, situated on the Tormes 17 miles south of Salamanca. Here, 1809, the French defeated the Spaniards. Alba Longa (al'ba long'gä). In ancient geography, a town in Latium, Italy, 15 miles south east of Rome, the ancient center of the Latin League. Its foundation is traditionally ascribed to As can i us and its destruction to Tullus Hostilius. Alban (al'ban, or al ban) Saint. Protomartyr of Britain, 303. He is said to have been a native of Verulamium where he was put to death with the sword. The famous monastery of St. Alban was founded in his honor by King Offa about 795. His festival is celebrated in the Roman Church June 22, and in the Anglican Church on June 17. Alban Lake. See Albano. Alban Mountains (al'ban moun tānz), It. Monti Laziali. A mountain group southeast of Rome, near Albano. Its highest point is Monte Cavo. Albanenses (al-ba-nen'sēz). A small medieval sect, named from the city of Alba in Piedmont, which profe ed Manichæan doctrines. They were closely allied to the Albigenses. Albani (äl-bä'nē), or Albano (-no), Francesco. Born at Bologna, Italy, March 17, 1578: died there, Oct. 4, 1660. A noted Italian painter. Albani (äl-bä'ne), Mme. (Marie Louise Cécilia Emma Lajeune e). Born at Chambly, near Montreal, 1850. A distinguished soprano singer, of French-Canadian parentage. Her family removed to Albany, New York (from which she took her a umed name), in 1864. She studied in Paris under Duprez, and in Milan under Lamperti, and made her début as an opera-singer in Me ina in 1870. She married Ernest Gye in 1878. Albani, Villa. A palace in the northern part of Rome, celebrated for its art collections. Albania (al-ba'ni-ä). [Gr. Ἀλβανία .] In ancient geography, a country of Asia, lying west of the Caspian, north of Armenia, and east of Iberia, and corresponding nearly to the modern Baku and southern Daghestan in Ru ia. It was part of the A yrian empire, and the theater of some of the wars of Sargon and Sennacherib. Albania. [NL. Albania , Alb. Shkyperi , Turk. Arnautlik , F. Albanie , G. Albanien .] A region in the western part of European Turkey, bounded by Monte negro and Novi-Bazar on the north, Macedonia (with a vague frontier) and The aly on the east, Greece and the Gulf of Arta on the south, and the Ionian Sea, the Strait of Otranto, and the Adriatic on the west, corresponding in general to the vilayets Skutari, Janina, and part of Monastir, and largely to the ancient Illyria and Epirus. It was occupied by the Turks in the first part of the 15th century, revolted under Scanderbeg 1443-67, and was subdued by the Turks in 1478. Several rebellions against the Turks occurred about the beginning of the 19th century. Albania resisted the treaty of Berlin (1878) and the ce ion of territory to Monte negro in 1880. Population (estimated), 1,500,000 (?), 2,000,000 (?), principally Arnauts. Albania, or Albany. An ancient name of the Scottish Highlands, fancifully derived from the mythical Albanact, son of Brute. Albanian (al-ba'ni-an). The language of the Albanians. It is now commonly regarded as a member of the Aryan family. It exists only in modern dialects, but is supposed to be the descendant of the ancient Illyrian of which no records are extant. Also called Skipetar , from the native name of the people (Shkypetár, highlanders'). Albanian Gates. The defile of Derbend be- tween the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea. Albano (äl-bänō). A town in the province of Rome, Italy, situated on the slope of the Alban Mountains, 14 miles southeast of Rome, on the site of Pompey's Villa: the Roman Albanum. It pa ed to the Papal States in 1697. It contains the ruins of a pretorian camp built by Domitian, a large fortified inclosure, quadrilateral in plan. The walls are built of huge but rather thin blocks of stone. One of the gates remains. Population, about 6,000. Albany. The capital of Dougherty County, Georgia, situated on Flint River, at the head of navigation, 90 miles southwest of Macon. Population (1890), 4,008. Albany. The capital of Linn County, Oregon, situated on the Willamette 63 miles southwest of Portland. Population (1890), 3,079. IMG:content-0047.png:[blocks in formation] Albategnius (al-ba-teg'ni-us), Mohammed ben Jabir. Born in Me so pot am i a about 850: died 929. A noted Arabian astronomer. He discovered the motion of the sun, and introduced into mathematical calculation the use of the sine, in place of the entire chord of the arc which had previously been em- ployed. Among his works are commentaries on Ptolemy's "Almagest," a treatise on astronomy and geography, etc. One of his astronomical works was translated into Latin, under the title "De Scient i a Stellarum" (Nuremberg, 1537). Albay (al-bi'). A town of Luzon, one of the Philippine Islands. Population (1887), 11,986. Albe (al'be). The ancient Alba Fucentia, now a small village near Avezzano, in central Italy, It contains an ancient amphitheater of the usual Roman elliptical plan, 114 by 305 feet, estimated to have seated 20,000 people. The arena measures 68 by 159 feet. Al-Beladori (al-belä-dō'ri), Abul Ha an Ah- med. Died at Bagdad about 895. An Arabian historian, author of a history of the conquest of Syria, the island of Cyprus, Me so pot am i a, Armenia, Egypt, Africa, Spain, Nubia, and the islands of the Mediterranean by the Arabs. He describes the condition of the conquered countries and various towns founded by the Moslems, among them Bagdad. Also Albeladory . Albemarle (äl-be-märl'). See Aumale . Albemarle. See Albemarle Island . Albemarle, Duke of. See Monk . Albemarle, Earl of. See Keppel . Albemarle Club. A London club, established in 1874, composed of ladies and gentlemen. Headquarters, 13 Albemarle street. Member- ship, 750. Albemarle Island. The largest of the Gala- pagos Islands, in the Pacific. Area, 1,650 square miles. Albemarle Point. The early name of Charles- ton, South Carolina. Albemarle Sound. A shallow body of water, about 55 miles long, in the northeastern part of North Carolina, separated from the Atlantic by sand beaches, and communicating with Pam- lico Sound on the south through Croatan and Rudolf I. of Hapsburg, duke of Austria 1282, and German king 1298-1308. He overthrew and killed his rival, Adolf of Na au, at the battle of Göll- heim, July 2, 1298. Albert II., G. Albrecht. Born 1298: died 1358. Duke of Austria and son of Albert I. of Ger- is connected with Chesapeake Bay by the Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal and the Dismal Swamp Canal. Albemarle, The. A Confederate iron-clad ram, built on the Roanoke River about 30 miles below Weldon, North Carolina, during 1863. She did much damage to Union steamers during the spring of 1864, but was destroyed by Lieutenant W. В. Cushing during the night of Oct. 27 of that year. He attacked her in a small launch carrying a torpedo. For cing his way within the chain of logs which formed part of her defense, he exploded the torpedo under the ram's overhang. She was afterward raised, towed to Norfolk, and in 1867 stripped and sold. Albendorf (äl'ben-dorf). A village and fre- quented place of pilgrimage (to the sanctuary of the New Jerusalem), in the province of Silesia, Pru ia, on the Glatzer Nei e, north- west of Glatz. Albenga (äl-beng'gä). A seaport in the prov- ince of Genoa, Italy, the Roman Albingaunum, situated on the Gulf of Genoa 44 miles south- west of Genoa. It contains a cathedral, an early Pointed church with sculpture of Runic type about the doorways. The baptistery is octangular, of the 10th cen- tury, with Corinthian columns, some early mosaics, and a curious tomb. The bridge over the Centa, the Ponte man. All the piers of its ten arches, and much of the upper work, are antique. There are also medieval walls. The town contains a gymnasium and an episcopal seminary. Albères (al-bar'). The eastern ramification of the Pyrenees, between Spain and the depart- ment of Pyrénées-Orient a les, France. Alberic (al'ber-ik) I. Slain by the Romans about 925 at Orta, Italy. A Lombard noble- man, patrician (also called senator, consul, and prince) of the Romans and duke of Spoleto, expelled from Rome by Pope John X. He married Marozia, daughter of The odor a. Alberic II. Died 954. A patrician and senator of the Romans, son of Alberic I. and Marozia. Alberoni (al-bā-rō'nē), Giulio. Born near Piacenza, Italy, May 31, 1664: died June 16, 1752. A statesman and cardinal, resident of the Duke of Parma at the Spanish court, nego- tiator of the marriage of Philip V. and Eliza- beth Farnese, and prime minister of Spain, 1714 (or 1715) to 1719. His foreign policy led to the Quadruple Alliance and a war disastrous to Spain. Albers (äl'berz), Johann Fried rich Hermann. Born at Dorsten, Westphalia, Nov. 14, 1805: died at Bonn, May 12, 1867. A German phys i- cian and profe or at Bonn, author of "Atlas der pathologischen Anatomie" (1832-62), etc. Albert (al'bert), G. Albrecht (äl'brecht), sur- named "The Bear," from his heraldic emblem. Born at Ballenstädt, Germany, about 1100 (11069): died at Ballenstädt, Nov. 18, 1170. Mar- grave of Brandenburg, son of Otto the Rich, count of Ballenstädt. He received a grant of Lusatia 1125 (retaining it, however, but a few years), and of the Nordmark 1134; obtained the duchy of Saxony 1138, which he soon lost; attacked the Wends 1136-37 and later, and conquered a large part of their territory; and a umed the title of margrave of Brandenburg 1150. Albert, G. Albrecht, surnamed "The Proud." Born 1158: died June 25, 1195. Margrave of Mei en from 1190 to 1195. In attempting to oppre his younger brother Diet rich, who had inherited Wei en- fels, he incurred the enmity of the emperor Henry VI., and died by poison, administered, it is said, by an agent Albert, G. Albrecht, surnamed "The Tall." Born 1236: died Aug. 15, 1279. Duke of Bruns- wick-Lüneburg, son of the first duke, Otto the Child. Hewas captured by the sons of the margrave Henry, Oct. 27, 1263, in the war of the Thu ring i an succe ion, and was released in 1264, on the payment of 8,000 marks in silver and the ce ion of the Guelph cities and castles on the Werra. Albert, G. Albrecht, surnamed "The Bad." Died 1314. Landgrave of Thu ring i a after 1265, and margrave of Mei en from 1288 to 1293. By his second wife, Cunegonde of Eisenberg, he was per- suaded to exclude his sons by his first marriage from the succe ion in Thu ring i a in favor of Apitz, his son by Cune- gonde. A war followed, in which he was taken captive by his son Frederick, and forced to sign a disadvantageous treaty at Rochlitz, Jan. 1, 1289. Albert I., G. Albrecht. Born about 1250: slain by a conspiracy at Windisch on the Reu , Switzerland, May 1, 1308. The eldest son of Königsberg (1544), the third Protestant university. Albert, G. Albrecht, surnamed "The Bold." Born July 17, 1443: died at Emden, Pru ia, Sept. 12, 1500. Duke of Saxony, younger son of Frederick the Gentle, and founder of the Albertine Saxon line. In the division of the Saxon dominions in 1485 he received Mei en. Albert IV., G. Albrecht, surnamed "The Wise." Born Dec. 15, 1447: died March 18, 1508. Duke of Bavaria, third son of Albert III. the death of his oldest brother John he became (1465) co- Albert whom Werther is in love. He represents Kestner, one of Goethe's friends. See Werther . Albert (äl-bar') (original name, Alexandre Martin). Born April 27, 1815: died Dec., 1892. A French mechanic, noted as a revolutionist and follower of Louis Blanc. He was a member of the provisional government Feb., 1848, and of the Con. stituent A embly (convened May 4); was sentenced to deportation for complicity in the riot of May 15, 1848; and recovered his liberty by the amnesty of 1859. In 1870 he took a prominent part in the defense of Paris. Albert (al'bert). In Sheridan Knowles's play "The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green," the real Lord Wilfrid, appearing as the Blind Beggar. Albert (al-bar'), formerly Ancre (änkr). A town in the department of Somme, France, on the Ancre 28 miles northeast of Amiens. Population (1891), commune, 6,169. Albert (al'bert), G. Albrecht (äl'brecht), Fried rich He in rich. Born Oct. 4, 1809: died Oct. 14, 1872. Prince of Pru ia, fourth son of Frederick William III. He commanded in the fourth cavalry division in the Franco-Pru ian war, and partici pated in the battles of Sedan, Artenay, and Orleans. Albert, G. Albrecht, Fried rich Rudolf. Born at Vienna, Aug. 3, 1817. Archduke of Austria, eldest son of Archduke Charles, noted as a soldier and military writer. He served in Italy 1848 1849, and as commander of the army of the south gained the victory of Custozza June 24, 1866. (See Custozza .) The same year he was made commander-in-chief of the Austrian army. Albert Francis August us Charles Emmanuel. Born at the Rosenau, near Coburg, Germany, Aug. 26, 1819: died at Windsor Castle, England, Dec. 14, 1861. Prince Consort of England, second son of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg Goth a. He married Queen Victoria Feb. 10, 1840, and was made prince consort June 25, 1857. Albert, G. Albrecht, brecht, Kasimir. Born at Moritzburg, near Dresden, Dresden, July 11, 1738: died at Vienna, Feb. 11, 1822. Duke of Saxe-Teschen, an Austrian general, son of August us III. of Poland. He was defeated by Dumouriez 1792. Albert, G. Albrecht, Fried rich August. Born at Dresden, April 23, 1828. King of Saxony, son of King John of Saxony, whom he succeeded Oct. 29, 1873. As crown prince he commanded in the Franco-German war an army corps, and later the Army of the Meuse. Albert Edward (al'bert ed'ward). Born at London, Nov. 9, 1841. Prince of Wales, eldest son of Queen Victoria. He married Prince Alexandra of Denmark March 10, 1863. In 1860 he made a tour of the United States and Canada, in 1862 of Egypt and Palestine, and in 1875-76 of British India. Albert Victor Christian Edward. Born Jan. 8,1864: died Jan. 14, 1892. Eldest son of Albert Edward, prince of Wales. Albert the Great. See Albert us Magnus . Albert Savarus (äl-bar' sä-vä-rüs'). A tale by Balzac, published 1844, one of the "Scenes from Private Life." Savarus is said to be a portrait of the author. The book contains many details of his life and work. Albert (äl'bert), Joseph. Born at Munich, March 5, 1825: died there, May 5, 1886. A German photographer, inventor of the Albertype. Albert (äl-bar'), Paul. Born at Thionville, Dec. 14, 1827: died at Paris, June 21, 1880. A French literary historian, profe or at Poitiers, and later (1878) at the Collège de France: author of "La littérature française" (1872-75), "His to ire de la littérature romaine" (1871), Albert Edward Nyanza (nyan'zä). A lake in central Africa, south of Lake Albert Nyanza, and connected with the latter by the Semliki, discovered by Stanley in 1877 and revisited by him 1888-89. Its native name is Muta Nzige. etc. Albert Chapel. See Windsor . Albert Embankment. See Thames Embank ments . Albert Hall. A covered amphitheater in London, finished in 1871. Its axes are 270 and 240 feet, those of the arena 100 and 70, and it can seat 8,000 persons. The exterior is of brick, with ornament of colored tiles and terra-cotta including a frieze representing the various peoples of the earth. The organ is one of the largest existing. Albert Lea (al'bért le). The capital of Freeborn County, Minnesota, 92 miles south of St. Paul. Population (1890), 3,305. Albert Memorial. A monument, in London, erected to the memory of the Prince Consort, Albert of Saxe-Gotha, on the south side of Kensington Gardens, built from the designs of Sir Gilbert Scott. It consists of a colo al bronze statue of the prince, seated, beneath an ornate spired canopy in the Pointed style, which rises to a height of 175 IMG:content-0048.png:[blocks in formation] and Africa. covered by Sir Samuel Baker, March 14, 1864. Its length is 97 miles, and its area about 2,000 square miles. Alberta (al-ber'tä). A provisional district formed in 1882 in the Northwest Territories, Canada, bounded by Athabasca on the north, Saskatchewan and A in i boi a on the east, the United States on the south, and British Columbia on the west. It sends one representative to the Dominion Parliament. It is traversed by the Canadian Pacific Railroad. Chief town, Calgary. Area, about 106,000 square miles. Population (1891), 26,123. Albert i (äl-bar'tē), Leone Battista. Born at Florence, Feb. 18, 1404: died at Rome, 1472. A noted Italian poet, musician, painter, sculptor, and architect, author of "De re Ædif i cat or i a" (1485), etc. Albertine Line (al'ber-tin lin). The younger and royal branch of the Saxon house which descended from Albert (G. Albrecht ), duke of Saxony (1443-1500). He ruled jointly with his brother Ernst (see Ernestine ) from 1464 to 1485, when they came into po e ion of Thu ring i a by inheritance, and agreed upon a division, Albrecht taking an eastern and a western portion, with the Ernestine lands intervening between them. Albert in ell i (äl-bar-ti-nel'lē), Mariotto. Born at Florence, Oct. 13, 1474: died at Florence, Nov. 5, 1515. A Florentine painter, an a ociate and imitator of Fra Bartolommeo. tist. Born at Warsaw, Dec. 7, 1731: died at Albert randy (äl-ber-trän'di), John (Jan) BapWarsaw, Aug. 10, 1808. A Polish Jesuit and historian, of Italian parentage, librarian to Bishop Zaluski in Warsaw, and later to Stanis laus August us, and a notable collector of manuscripts relating to Polish history. He was appointed by Stanislaus bishop of Zenopolis. Albert us Magnus (al-ber'tus mag'nus). [L., 'Albert the Great.'] Born at Lauingen, Swabia. 1193 (according to some authorities 1205): died at Cologne, Nov. 15, 1280. A famous scholastic philosopher and member of the Dominican order. He studied in Padua and Bologna, taught philosophy and theology at Cologne (1229), taught at Paris (1245). and finally returned to Cologne. He was made bishop of Ratisbon in 1260, but soon resigned and retired to a convent where he died. Among his numerous pupils was Thomas A quinas. He was famous for his extensive learning which gained for him his surnames "The Great" and "Doctor Universal is," and was even reputed to be a magi cian; but his modern critics differ greatly in their est i mates of his attainments and ability. "He was the first scholastic who reproduced the philosophy of Aristotle systematically, with thoroughgoing consideration of the Arabian commentators, and transformed it in accordance with the dogmas of the church" - to the practical exclusion of Platonic influences. His works fill twenty-one volumes, and relate chiefly to physical science: they include a sort of encyclopedia of the learning of his times. Albertville (äl-bar-vēl'). A town in the department of Savoie, France, near the Arly, 23 miles northeast of Chambéry. Population (1891), 5,854. Albi, or Alby (äl-be'). The capital of the department of Tarn, France, situated on the Tarn: the ancient Albiga. It has a cathedral (of St. Cecilia) and an archiepiscopal palace, and is the seat of a bishopric. It was a stronghold of the Albigenses, to The cathedral is a unique whom it gave their name. monument, ma ively built of brick, with the base of its walls sloped outward, the openings all high above the ground, and otherwise fitted to serve not only as a church but as a citadel. It is chiefly of the 14th century. It has a ma ive and lofty western tower, and a beautiful florid triple porch on the south side, lavishly carved in stone. The interior, without aisles or transepts, is 262 feet long, 62 wide, and 98 high, surrounded between the buttre es by 2 tiers of chapels. The celebrated 15th-century roodloft and choir-screen are rich with delicate tracery and excellent figure and foliage sculpture. The roof and walls are covered with Italian frescos dating from about 1505.