MADISON

county seat of Dane co., Wis., and capita i City of the state. Its origin dates back to 1837 and it received a city charter in 1856. It is beautifully located at an altitude of 974 feet above sea level. Its interests are served by the Ilinois Centrai, Chicago and Northwestern and Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads. There are large manufacturing industries, chief of which are boots and shoes, electrical machinery, agricultural tools and implements, carriages, furriiture, boats and batteries. The charming lakes in the vicinity make it a popular summer resort, and its system of roads is one of the most perfect in the state. The city is handsomely laid out, and abounds in notable structures, such as the State Capitol, which cost nearly $7,000,000 and has the second highest dome in the United States; the State Historical Society Building and the noble buildings of the University of Wisconsin. As an educational center it is noted throughout the Union. ‘The magnificent library of the State Historical Society contains over 250,000 volumes. There are about thirty churches in the city. The public schools are well equipped and maintain a high standard. The city has 14 banks and 24 newspapers and periodicals. The government is vested in a mayor and common council. The waterworks are owned and operated by the city. Pop. 1920, 38,378. fourth President of the United States, b. in Port Conway, Va.; d. in Montpelier, Va. He graduated with high honors from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton) in 1771. Tl health prevented him from joining the army during the Revolution, but he worked strenuously for the cause. A delegate to the Virginia Convention of 1776 he was one of 32 presenting the Declaration of Rights by George Mason. Madison: supplied an amendment to the last clause, providing freedom of religion and opposing a state church. He was a member of the Council of Virginia, 1878-1880; delegate to the Continental Congre , 1880, when he gave instructions to John Jay, Minister to Spain to seek a treaty with Spain against England on condition that the United States should enjoy free navigation of the Mi i ippi from the source to the sea. Spain proposed to close the river to the United States for 25 or 30 years. Madison fought this plan in Congre and won. In 1795, Spain by treaty offered the United States freedom of the river and New Orleans as a depot for goods. Sa ceded Louisiana to France in 1800, which Madison first learned of as Secretary of State in Jefferson’s cabinet in 1801. In the fall of 1802 when the Spanish representative in New Orleans forbade tho United States to store goods there, or use the Mi i ippi, war with Spain, or France, was imminent. The danger a ed when Napoleon offered to sell uisiana to the United States. At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, Madison’s views on U. S. government were presented by Virginia delegates, and many of his ideas were incorporated in the Constitution. After the document was Offered to the States it was first ratified by Virginia, largely owing to his efforts; and opposed by Patrick Henry. Madison was elected to the first House of Representatives, but Henry prevented him from becoming Senator. Secretary of State under Jefferson for eight years he introduced retaliation against France and England in trade by taxing imports. Elected President in 1809 he exhausted every effort for peace with England. The United States entered the war unpreste Madison was not a good military eader. MADISON RIVER. A stream in Montana that rises in the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 8,300 feet and flows through Madison co., joining the Jefferson Fork of the Mi ouri at Three Forks. It is about 230 miles long.