anguish

t. [From the substantive.] To cause anguish to; to inflict exce ive bodily pain or mental distre on. "So crates was seen and observed to be much an guished , grieved, and perplexed; still seeming to feel some grief of mind."- Trans . of Boccalini (1626), p. 108. ǎn'-guished, pa . par . & a. [ANGUISH, v .] "A strong emotion shakes my anguish'd breast." Pope: Homer's Ody ey, bk. xix., 442. ăng'-u-lar, a. [In Fr. angulaire ; Sp. & Port. angular; Ital. angolare . Fror Lat. angular is = having angles or corners; angulus = a corner, an angle.] A. Ordinary Language: 1. Lit. Having angles or corners, cornered; so shaped as that the sides are united to each other by angles; containing an angle; aiding to constitute an angle; situated at the point where an angle is formed. "As for the figure of crystal, it is for the most part hexagonal or six-cornered, being built upon a confused matter, from whence, as it were from a root, angular figures arise, even as in the amethyst and basaltes."Browne: Vulgar Errours. [See also B., I. 1, .] 2. Fig. Of persons: Too little disposed to make conce ions to others, and therefore exciting or tending to excite opposition to itself which a more conciliatory course of conduct would have prevented from arising. B. Technically: I. Mathematics: 1. The angular point in an angle is that at which the two lines inclined to each other meet. (Used also in natural philosophy and other sciences.) "The distance of the edges of the knives from one another, at the distance of four inches from the angular point where the edges of the knives meet, was the eighth part of an inch."-Newton: Opticks. 2. Angular section is the section or division of an angle into any number of equal parts. Angular sections: The branch of mathematical analysis which investigates the properties of circular functions. IL Mechanics : 1. Angular motion is the motion of any body around a fixed point, whether it revolves like a planet or vibrates backwards or forwards like a pendulum. Angle of angular motion or Angle of rotation: The angle made by the two directions before and after the turning of a line perpendicular to an axis. (See III. 1.) 2. Angular velocity is the absolute velocity of a body moving round a fixed axis at a certain unit of distance. (See III. 2.) III. Astronomy : 1. Angular intervals : Arcs of the equator intercepted between circles of declination pa ing through the heavenly bodies observed. 2. Angular motion: (a) Angular motion of the sun is a calculated movement of the luminary through space, which in 1783 made Sir William Herschel propound the hypothesis that the luminary was in progre towards the star A Herculis. (b) The angular motion of the stars is a minute deviation from their relative places of several "fixed" stars, as the two stars of 61 Cygni, e Indi, u Ca iopeiæ, and many others. (Herschel: Astron., §§ 852-4.) 3. Angular velocity. The angular velocity of the sun's apparent motion is in the inverse proportion of the square of the distance: thus, to compare the daily motion of the sun in longitude at one point, a, of its path, and at another B, the formula used is: The square of the line connecting the earth and sun, when the latter is at B, is to the square of that connecting them when he is at A, as the daily motion at A is to the daily motion at B. (Herschel: Astron., § 350.) The expre ion is used in a similar sense of the planets. IV. Perspective: A kind of perspective in which the two sides of the leading object represented are not parallel to the plane of the picture, and in which, therefore, the horizontal lines are so drawn as to meet each other at a vanishing point. It is called also oblique perspective. V. Anatomy : 1. Angular Artery : The terminal part of the facial artery, which inosculates at the inner side of the orbit with a terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery, (Quain: Anat., 1876, vol. i., p. 365.) 2. Angular vein: The vein formed by the junction of the supra-orbital and frontal veins. It is perceptible beneath the skin, as it runs obliquely downwards, near the inner margin of the orbit, resting against the side of the nose at its root. ( Ibid . , p. 476.) VI. Botany : 1. Of the general form: Having projecting longitudinal angles. (Sometimes the terms "acute angled" and "obtuse angled" are used.) 2. Spec. Of the margin of a leaf or other organ: Having several salient angles on the margin, as the leaf of Datura stramonium. ( Lindley .)