deformer

[Eng. deform; -er.] One who deforms, disfigures, mars, or injures. "They are now to be removed, because they have been the most certain deformers and ruiners of the church."Milton: Animadv. on Remonstrants' Defense. dě-form-Ing, pr. par., a. & 8. [DEFORM, v.] A. & B. As . pr. par. & particip. adj .: (See the verb.) C. As subst. The act of disfiguring or spoiling. dě-form-1-ty, s. [Fr. déform ité ; Sp. deform i dad; Ital. deform ità , all from Latin deform it as , from deform is =deformed, ugly.] I. Literally : 1. That which deforms, disfigures, or makes ungainly, ugly, or mi hapen; a disfigurement, a dis"Why should not man, Retaining still Divine similitude I. Literally : 1. To render ugly or unshapely; to disfigure. " deformed by many miserable relics of a former age."-Macaulay: Hist. Eng., ch. xii. *2. To put out of form or order; to disarrange, to disturb. "Me Pallas gave to lead the martial storm, And the fair ranks of battle to deform." Pope. Homer's Ody ey, χίν. 251, 252, *3. To render ugly or displeasing by the application of anything. "His purple garments, and his golden hairs, Those he deforms with dust, and these he tears." Pope . Homer's Iliad, xviii. 29, 30. IMG:content-2041.png:[blocks in formation] 2. To disfigure, to make ungraceful or unpleasant; to mar, to spoil. "The quaint ingenuity which had deformed the verses of Donne disappeared from our poetry." -Macaulay. Hist. Eng ., ch. iil." For the difference between to deform and to deface , see DEFACE. *dě-form, *de-four me, a . [O. Fr. def for me ; Lat. deform is.] Of an ugly or ungainly form; disfigured, distorted, unshapely. "Other seuen oxen, in as myche defourme and leene."Wycliffe: Gen. xli 19. "So spake the grizzly Terror, and in shape, So speaking and so threatening, grew tenfold More dreadful and deform ." Milton: P. R. , ii. 704-6. *dě-form-āte, a. [Lat. deform at us .] Deformed, disfigured. "And whan she sawe her visage so deform ate, If she in hart were wo, I ne wite God wate." Chaucer: Compl. of Creseide. de-for-mā-tion, s. [Lat. deformatio ; Fr. déformation; Sp. deform a cion .] A rendering deformed or ugly; a defacing, a disfiguring. "I confe e 'tis hard in some sense, i. e., to them that suffer under you for being heretics (as you call those that depart from your deformations )."-Hammond: Works, vol. ii., p. 617. dé-formed, pa. par. or a. [DEFORM, v.] A. As pa. par.: (See the verb.) B As adjective: I. Lit.: Of an ugly or distorted figure; mi hapen. II. Figuratively: 1. Morally disfigured, debased, polluted. "Thus has he ransomed you from your transgre ions by blood, and covered your polluted and deformed souls with righteousne "-Bunyan: Pilgrim's Progre , pt. ii. boil, boy; pout, jowl, cat, çell, chorus, 83 In part, from such deformities be free?" Milton: P. L., xi. 511-18. IMG:content-2042.png:[blocks in formation] when deformities are such that the perturb a- tion and novelty are not like to exceed the benefit of reforming."-King Charles: Eikon Basilike. *dě-förs-er, s. [DEFORCE OR.) A deforciant. *de-fos-sion (fo ion as fosh-un), s. [Lat. defo us , pa. par. of defodio to bury in the earth.] The punishment of burying alive. *de-foul, *de-foil, *de-foul-y, *de-foyle, v . t . [DEFILE.] 1. To defile, to pollute. 2. To tread under foot, to oppre , to cover. "Derkne is schulen defoule me." Wycliffe: Ps. *de-foul', *de-fowle, 8. [DEFOUL, v.] Disgrace. "Wys men suld drede thare innymys; For lychtlynes and succwdry Drawys in defowle comownaly." Wyntoun, viii. 26, 54. IMG:content-2043.png:[blocks in formation] 2. It is followed by of before the thing that is fraudulently taken away or withheld. "He besought Pallas and Juno And Diane, or to helpe also defunct 3. Fraudulently to withhold what is the right or due of another. "My son, defraud not the poor of his living, and make not the needy eyes to wait long."- Ecclus . iv. 1. 4. Fraudulently to frustrate or cheat. by the claims de "By the duties deserted frauded ."- Paley . B. In trans.: To cheat, to cozen, to withhold any. thing fraudulently. cheat , see CHEAT. For the difference between to defraud and to de-fraud-a-tion, s. [Lat. defraudatio; from defraudo.] The act of defrauding. "Their impostures are worse than any other, deluding not only into pecuniary defraudations , but the irreparable deceit of death."-Browne: Vulgar Errors. dě-fraud-ěd, pa . par . or a. [DEFRAUD.] dě-fraud-er, s. [Eng. defraud ; -er.] One who defrauds; a cheat, a swindler, an embezzler. "The profligate in morals grow severe, Defrauders just and sycophants sincere." IMG:content-2044.png:[blocks in formation] " *2. Fig .: To satisfy, to appease, to avert. "Can Night defray The wrath of thundring Jove Spenser: F. Q., L. v. 42. dě-frāy-al, s. [Eng. defray; al.] The act of defraying or discharging the cost of; defrayment. dě-frāyed', pa. par . or a. [DEFRAY.] dě-frāy-er, 8. defrays the expenses of; one who bears the cost of. [Eng. defray; -er.] One who ". the defrayers of the charges of common plays." -North: Plutarch , p. 273. dě-frāy'-ing, pr . par ., a. & s . [DEFRAY.] *2. Proper, fitting, convenient. *3. Dexterous, clever. "Loud fits of laughter seiz'd the guests, to see The limping god so deft at his new ministry." B. As adv.: Dexterously, cleverly, nimbly. "Emerald rings on brown heath tracing, Trip it deft and merrily." deft-lý, adv . [A. S. dæftlice .] 1. Neatly, finely. "Deftly deck'd with all costly jewels."-Beehive of Romish Church, 25. ؟" Brome : Northern La . Dryden. dared.' The American Dictionary and Cyclopedia ide-gar-nish, v. t. [Fr. dégarnir , pr. par. dégarni ant.] 1. To strip of furniture; to remove furniture from. 2. To remove troops or a garrison from. *de-gar'-nished, pa . par . or a . [DEGARNISH.] *de-gar'-nish-ing, pr . par ., a . & s . [DEGARNISH.] A. & B. As pr . par . & particip . adj .: (See the verb.) C. As subst.: The act of stripping of furniture or "Tho priest in surplice white, That defunctive music can." Shakesp.: Phœnix and Turtle, 20. *dě-fuş'-ěd-lỹ, *dě-fuş-ed-lie, adv . [Appar- ently for diffusedly (q. v.).] Confusedly. "Fired with a zeal peculiar, they defy The rage and rigor of a polar sky." IMG:content-2046.png:[blocks in formation] gene ratus .] 1. A falling off from a better to a worse state; a IMG:content-2047.png:[blocks in formation] 2. The state or condition of being degenerate. "Let idle declaimers mourn over the degeneracy of the age; but, in my opinion, every age is the same."-Gold- smith E ays, v. 3. The degradation of an organism through mor- bid deviation and heredity to or towards a lower type of being; retrograde metamorphosis. tion of new species (phylogeny) is that the morbid var i ation does not continuously subsist and propagate itself, like one that is healthy, but, fortunately, is soon rendered sterile, and after a few generations often dies out before it reaches the lowest grade of organic degradation." Max Nordau : Degeneration, Bk. I, chap. II, p. 16, D. Ap- pleton & Co.'s translation. dě-gen-er-āte, v . i . [Fr. dégénérer ; Sp. degen- erar; Ital. degenerare .] [DEGENERATE, a.] 2. To fall from its kind; to become wild or base. "Most of those fruits that use to be grafted, if they be set of kernels or stones, degenerate." -Bacon . dě-gen-er-ate, a. [Lat. degeneratus , pa. par. of degenero , from degener =base, ignoble: de =away, from, and genus (gen it. generis ) =a kind, a cla .] 1. Having fallen off from a better to a worse state; or moral worth; deteriorated. IMG:content-2048.png:[blocks in formation] "How much unmeet for us, a faint degenerate band!" Scott: Vision of Don Roderick (Introd.), 3. 2. Characterized by degeneracy. dě-gen-er-ate, s . [DEGENERATE, a .] 1. An organism which through morbid deviation and heredity has become degraded below its normal type. IMG:content-2049.png:[merged small][ocr errors] IMG:content-2050.png:[blocks in formation] děgg'-ing, pr . par . or a. [DEG (1), v.] degging-machine, s . IMG:content-2051.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2052.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2053.png:[merged small][ocr errors] deglutitious I. Ordinary Language: mi al from office. Ayliffe . IMG:content-2054.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Eccles.: An ecclesiastical censure, whereby a clergyman is divested of his ministerial character and authority. Of this there are two kinds: the one summary, or by word of mouth; the other a more solemn ceremony of stripping the offender of the outward signs of his ministerial character and authority. 2. English Law : The depriving a peer or knight of his rank and title. A peer can only be degraded by Act of Parliament. 3. Mil .: The depriving an officer of his rank and commi ion; cashiering. *4. Paint.: The le ening and rendering confused the appearance of distant objects in a landscape, that they may appear as they would to an eye placed at a distance. 5. Geol.: The wearing away of higher lands, strata, rocks, ., by the action of water, . 6. Bot .: A change in the form of a plant, arising from the lo , removal, abortion, or new develop ment of any organs. "There is thus traced a degradation , as it is called, from a flower with three stamens and three divisions of the calyx, to one with a single bract and a single stamen or carpel."-Balfour: Botany, § 649. 7. Nat. Hist.: The state of a type which presents a degraded form; degeneration. 8. Biol.: Degeneration; gradual physiologic and histologic change towards lower types. degradation products. Biol .: Products brought into existence through changes causing degradation in the substance of organized substances. Examples, the mucilage of quince seeds, linseed, and po ibly also lignin and cork. ( Thomé .) dě-grāde', v . t. & i. [Fr. dégrader ; Sp. & Port. degradar; Ital. degradare ; from Lat. degrado = to deprive of rank: deaway, from, and gradus = rank.] IMG:content-2055.png:[blocks in formation] 1315 (1) Crabb thus discriminates between to de grade and to disgrace : "In the general or moral application, degrade respects the external station or rank; disgrace refers to the moral estimation or character: one is often disgraced by a degradation , and likewise when there is no expre degradation ; whatever is low and mean is degrading ; whatever is immoral is disgraceful ; it is degrading for a nobleman to a ociate with prize-fighters and jockeys; it is disgraceful for him to countenance the violation of the laws which he is bound to protect: it is degrading for a clergyman to take part in the ordinary pleasures and diversions of mankind in general; it is disgraceful for him to indulge in any levities: Domitian degraded himself by the meanne of the employment which he chose; he dis graced himself by the cruelty which he mixed with his meanne : King John of England degraded himself as much by his mean compliance when in the power of the barons, as he had disgraced himself before by his detestable tyranny and oppre ion. The higher the rank of the individual the greater his degradation: the higher his character, or the more sacred his office, the greater his dis grace , if he act inconsistently with its dignity; but these terms are not confined to the higher ranks of life; there is that which is degrading and disgrace ful for every person, however low his station: when a man forfeits that which he owes to himself, and sacrifices his independence to his vices, he degrades himself below the scale of a rational agent; he thereby forfeits the good opinion of all who know him, and thus adds disgrace to his degradation ." (Crabb: Eng. Synon.) (2) For the difference between to degrade and to disparage , see DISPARAGE; for that between to degrade and to humble , see HUMBLE. dě-grād-ěd, pa. par. or a. [DEGRADE, v.] A. As pa. par .: (See the verb.) B. As adjective : I. Ordinary Language: IMG:content-2056.png:[blocks in formation] "The several degrees of angels may probably have larger views."--Locke. B. Technically : 1. Geneal.: A certain distance or remove in the line of descent, determining the proximity of blood. "And these descended in the third degree." Pope Homer's Iliad , v. 676. 2. Geom.: The 360th part of the circumference of a circle. The circumference of every circle is supposed to be divided into 360 equal parts, each of which is called a degree. Each degree is again divided into 60 minutes, and each minute into 60 seconds. The sign of a degree is a small circle written or printed at the top of the last figure denoting the number of degrees. Thus ninety degrees is written 90°. [MINUTE, SECOND.] An angle is said to contain so many degrees or parts of a degree as there are in the arc subtended by an equal angle at the center of a circle. (ARC.) So we say that a star is 1. Reduced in rank, position, value, or estimation, so many degrees above the horizon, as there are 2. Debased, low, mean, base. II. Technically: diminishing as they ascend to- ward the center. 2. Nat . Hist .: Degenerated in type; exhibiting degenerate forms; imperfectly developed. Cro degraded and con- joined : Her.: A plain cro having its extremities placed upon a step or steps joined to the sides of the shield. Degraded. Hist . Eng ., ch. xv. exception a degrading punishment."-Macaulay: B. Intransitive: IMG:content-2057.png:[blocks in formation] "These twelue degres weren brode and stayre." E. Eng. Allit. Poems ; Pearl , 1,021. degrees in the angle subtended by the arc between the star and the horizon. A degree of latitude is the 360th part of the earth's surface north or south of the equator, measured on a great circle forming the circumference of the earth at right angles to the equator. A degree of longitude is the 360th part of the earth's surface east or west of a fixed meridian. [MERIDIAN.] Since the length of a degree depends upon the magnitude of the circumference of the circle of which it forms a part, it is manifest that the length of every degree of longitude is greatest at the equator, and diminishes gradually as it approaches the poles. At the equator a degree of longitude measures 60 geographical or 69 statute miles. The length of a degree of latitude on the contrary, owing to the fact that the figure of the earth is not a perfect circle, increases as it nears the poles. The geographical position of any town or place is fixed by the number of degrees or parts of degrees in the latitude and longitude at their point of intersection. [LATITUDE, LONGITUDE.] ". shall the shadow go forward ten degrees, or go back ten degrees?"-2 Kings xx. 9. 3. Gram.: The degrees of comparison of an adjective or adverb are those inflections which denote the different degrees of the same quality. They are three in number, the positive, the com parative , and the superlative . [See these words.] 4. Mathematics: (1) Alg .: A term used to denote the cla of an equation according to the highest power of the unknown quality. Thus, if the index of the unknown quantity be 3 or 4, the equation is said to be of the third or fourth degree respectively. *(2) Arith .: (See extract.) "A degree consists of three figures-viz., of three places, comprehending units, tens, and hundreds; so three hundred and sixty-five is a degree ."-Cocker: Arith metic. 5. Math. Instruments, .: The divisions of the lines upon several kinds of mathematical and philosophical instruments, as thermometers, barometers, . In thermometry the unit of measure varies according to the scale, being of the distance between the freezing and boiling points in the Centigrade, scale, s in Réaumur's, and res in Fahrenheit's. 6. Music ( Degree of a scale ): A step in the tone ladder. It may consist of a semitone, a tone, or (in the minor scale) of an augmented tone. ( Stainer & Barrett.) When the notes are on the same line or space they are in the same degree. The interval of a second is one degree, the interval of a third two degrees, and so on, irrespective of the steps being tones or semitones. Hence, also, notes are in the same degree when they are natural, flat, or sharp, of the same note, as C and csharp , E and E flat and they are in different degrees when, though the same note on an instrument of fixed intonation, they are called by different names, as F sharp and G flat , C sharp and D flat . (Grove.) sin, as; expect, Xenophon, exist. ph = f. degree 7. University: A title of honor or mark of distinction conferred on such members of a university as have pa ed through all the exercises required of them, as a testimony of proficiency in certain arts and sciences. [BACHELOR, DOCTOR, MASTER.] Honorary degrees are those conferred on persons distinguished in any path of life, who are not members of the university by which the degrees are conferred. The Archbishop of Canterbury has also the privilege of conferring degrees. By degrees: Gradually; by little and little. "At first, progre ive as a stream they seek The middle field; but, scattered by degrees , Each to his choice, soon whiten all the land." Cowper: Task , i. 292-94. *dě-gree', v . t . [DEGREE, 8.] To advance step by step. "I will degree this noxious neutrality one peg higher." -Hacket : Life of Williams , ii. 189. ( Davies .) *de-greed, a . [Eng. degre (e); ed.] Placed in a position or rank. "We that are degreed above our people." Heywood : Rape of Lucrece . *dě-gree-ing-lý, adv . [Eng. degree ; -ing , -ly.] By degrees, step by step. "Degreeingly to grow to greatne ." -Feltham: Resolves, i. 97. *de-gŭst', v . t. [Lat. degus to .] To taste. "A coupe du vin , Madam, I will degust , and gratefully." C. Reade: Cloister and Hearth , ch. ii.