Dhavaka

first scene describes the sports and is accidentally brought to the court, falls in love with the king, and paints his picture. The queen discovers the picture, is jealous, and imprisons Sagarika. In the end, how ever, the king conciliates the first wife and gains a second. A sorcerer plays a great part in it. The best edition is by Cappeller in Böhtlingk's "Sanskrit Chrestomathie" (2d ed.). It has been translated into English by Wilson, and into German by Fritze. Raton (rä-ton') Mountains. A mountain group in southern Colorado and the northern part of New Mexico. Ratsey (rat'si), Gamaliel. See the extract. Gamaliel Ratsey was a notorious highwayman, who always robbed in a mask, which was undoubtedly made as hideous as po ible in order to strike terror. In the title page of an old pamphlet (which I have not seen) containing the history of his exploits, he is said to be represented with this frightful visor: in allusion to which, I suppose, he is called by Gab. Harvey "Gamaliel Hobgob1605) is entered a work called "The Lyfe and Death of Ga' maliel Ratsey, a famous theefe of England, executed at On the books of the Stationers' Company (May, Bedford." There are also several "Ballats" on the subject, entered about the same time. But the achievements of Gamaliel have been sung in more than one language. Gifford, Notes to Jonson's The Alchemist, II. 7. Ratsey's Ghost. A very rare tract, printed without date, but supposed to be prior to 1606. It mentions Shakspere's "Hamlet" by name, and refers to the author and some circumstances of his life. ( Collier .) Ratsey is referred to in many publications of the time. See the article above. Rattazzi, or Ratazzi, Urbano. Born at Ales Italy, 29, died at Fros in one, Italy, June 5, 1873. An Italian statesman. He became deputy in the Sard in i an parliament in 1848; was minister for short periods in 1848 and 1849; became minister of justice in 1853, and of the interior in 1854; ге and was premier in 1862 and 1867. Rauch (rouch), Christian Daniel. Born at Arolsen, Waldeck, Germany, Jan. 2, 1777: died at Dresden, Dec. 3, 1857. A noted German Luise of Pru ia at Char lot ten burg (1814); statues of Blücher in Breslau and Berlin, and of Maximilian I. of Ba- varia in Munich; the monument of Dürer at Nuremberg; statues of Scharnhorst, Von Bülow, Francke, etc.; and the monument of Frederick the Great at Berlin (1851). Rauch, Fried rich August. Born in He e- Darmstadt, July 27, 1806: died at Mercers burg, Pa., March 2, 1841. A German-American phi- losopher, first president of Marshall College, Mercers burg (1835-41). He wrote "Psychol- ogy" (1840), etc. Raucoux. See Rocoux . Rawlins abode of Theodoric, the exarchs, and the Lombard kings, and architecturally as one of the best secular examples of early Italian Romanesque. The mausoleum of Theodoric, of the 6th century, though Roman in character, is in plan a decagon 45 feet in diameter. The upper story, 35 feet in diameter, is circular, roofed by a single enormous slab cut to the form of a flat dome. This story was surrounded by ornamental arcades, now gone. Each side of the decagon below has a niche formed by a ma ive arch. Each story contains a chamber: the lower one is cruciform. The mausoleum of Galla Placid i a, built in 440, is in plan a Latin cro 40 by 46 feet. The four arms have barrel-vaults, and the central space is covered by a raised-groined vault. The ends of the arms are occupied by sarcophagi. The vaults are lined with mosaics which rank among the finest remains of early Christian art. Among other notable structures are the baptistery, Dante's tomb, library, archiepiscopal palace, and churches of San Vitale, San Nazario e Celso, Santa Maria in Cosmedin, San A poll in are In ancient geography, a noted plain in northern Italy, probably near Vercelli, but by some lo cated near Verona. It was the scene of a battle in 101 B. C., in which the Cimbri were annihilated by the Romans under Marius and Catulus. Raudnitz (roud'nits). A town in northern Bohemia, situated on the Elbe 25 miles north by west of Prague. It is noted for its castle. Population (1890), commune, 6,615. Rauhe A Alp (rou'e älp) or Alb (alb). The Swabian Jura, or that part of it between Hohenzollern and Bavaria; in a more restricted sense, a group of mountains near Reutlingen. Raumer (rou'mer), Fried rich Ludwig Georg von. Born at Wörlitz, Anhalt, Germany, May 14, 1781: died at Berlin, June 14, 1873. A German historian. He became profe or at Breslau in 1811, and at Berlin in 1819, and was a member of the Frankfort parliament in 1848, and later of the Pru ian chamber. His chief works are "Geschichte der Hohenstaufen"("History of the Hohenstaufens," 1823-25), and "Geschichte Europas seit dem Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts" ("History of Europe since the End of the 15th Century," 1832-50); other works are "Briefe aus Paris und Frankreich" (1831), "England" (1836-41), "Die Vereinigten Staaten von Nor dam erik a" (1845), etc. Raumer, Karl Georg von. Born at Wörlitz, Germany, April 9, 1783: died at Erlangen, Bavaria, June 2, 1865. A German geographer, geologist, and writer on pedagogics, profe or at Erlangen: brother of Fried rich Ludwig Georg von Raumer. His works include "Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Geographie" (1832), "Geschichte der Pädagogik" (1842), etc. Raumer, Rudolf von. Born at Breslau, Pru ia, April 14, 1815: died at Erlangen, Bavaria, Aug. 30, 1876. A German philologist, son of K. G. von Raumer: profe or at Erlangen from 1846. He wrote "Geschichte der german is chen Philologie" (1870), etc. Raupach (rou'päch), Ernst Benjamin Salomo. Born at Straupitz, near Liegnitz, Silesia, May 21, 1784: died March 18, 1852. A German dram atist. Rauraci Montes. In ancient geography, a name given to Abnoba, now the Black Forest. Raurici (ra'ri-sī), or Rauraci (ra'ra-sī). [L. (Cæsar) Raurici , Gr. (Ptolemy) ' Ραυρακοί .] A German tribe first mentioned by Cæsar. They were situated in the neighborhood of Basel, on the upper Rhine, in territory north of the Helvetii, whom they had joined in their attempted migration, 58 B. с. Ravaillac (rä-vä-yäk'), François. Born near Angoulême, France, about 1578: executed at Paris, May 27, 1610. The murderer of Henry IV. signed in 1858; was again minister of the interior 1859-60; Rattenfänger von Hameln (rät'ten-feng"er fon häm'eln), Der. [G., The Rat-catcher of Hameln.'] An opera by Victor Ne ler, pro- duced at Leipsic in 1879. See Hameln , Piper of . ince of Salerno, Italy. It was formerly a place of Rattlin (rat'lin), Jack. A sailor, a character in Smollett's "Roderick Random." Rattlin the Reefer. A novel by Edward Howard, natural son of the Duke of Norfolk, published in 1838. It had originally appeared in the "Metropolitan Magazine." It had Marryat's name on the title page as editor, and is often advertised as by him. Notes and Queries, 8th ser., II. 403. Ratzeburg (rät'se-börg). 1. A former bishopric, afterward a secularized principality, lying northwest of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and belonging to Mecklenburg-Strelitz.-2. A town in Lauenburg, in the province of SchleswigHolstein, Pru ia, situated on Lake Ratzeburg 12 miles south of Lübeck. The cathedral, with the northern part of the town, belongs to Mecklenburg-Strelitz (see def. 1). Population (1890), 4,233. Rau (rou), Karl He in rich. Born at Erlangen, Bavaria, Nov. 23, 1792: died at Heidelberg, March 18, 1870. Á German political economist, profe or at Heidelberg from 1822. His chief work is "Lehrbuch der pol it is chen Ökonomie" ("Manual of Political Economy," 1826-37). Räuber (roi'ber), Die. [G., 'The Robbers.'] A play by Schiller, printed in 1781 and represented in 1782. of France (May 14, 1610). Ravee. See Ravi (in India). Ravello (rä-vel'lō). A small town in the prov importance. The cathedral, founded in 1087, is remarkable especially for its bronze doors of 1176 and its pulpit of 1272. Raven (rā'vn), The. A notable poem by Edgar Allan Poe, published in 1845. Ravenna (ra-ven'ä; It. pron. rä-ven'nä). 1. A province in the compart i men to of Emilia, Italy. Area, 715 square miles. Population (1891), 223,013.-2. The capital of the province of Ravenna, situated between the Ronco and Lamone, 6 miles from the Adriatic, in lat. 44° 25′ N., long. 12° 12′ E.: the Roman Ravenna. It is famous for its churches (basilicas of the late-Roman 4th century, but remodeled in the 18th, was a 5-aisled baand Byzantine periods). The cathedral, founded in the silica with mosaics, but is now a 3-aisled domed church with grotesque ornament. The venerable circular campanile and the crypt are of the original construction. There are several noteworthy frescos by Guido Reni. San Giovanni Evangelist a is a votive church built in 425 by Galla Placid i a. There is a narthex on the west: its door is a very richly sculptured work of the 13th century. The 3-aisled interior has 24 antique columns; in one chapel there is a fresco of the evangelists and the doctors of the church, by Giotto, powerful and characteristic despite restoration. The palace of Theodoric, a fragment 65 feet long, with two tiers of arcades, a large arched doorway in the middle, and over it a large domed niche containing a double-arched window, is important historically as the ancient of Cisalpine Gaul: it is mentioned in history of Julius Cæsar. It was in old times a seaport, and the headquarters of the Roman Adriatic fleet; the chief capital of the Western emperors from about 402 to 476; and the capital of Odoacer, of Theodoric and the East Goths, and of the exarchate of Ravenna (which see, below). It was taken by the Lombard Aistulf about 752; was taken by Pepin in 755, and granted to the Pope; had various other rulers in the middle ages (the Polentas, Venetians, etc.); and pa ed finally to the Papal States in 1509. A victory was gained near it, April 11, 1512, by the French under Gaston de Foix (killed in the battle) over the papal and Spanish troops. It was united with the kingdom of Italy Ravenna. A village, the capital of Portage County, Ohio, 36 miles southeast of Cleveland. Population (1890), 3,417. 1860. Dante died here in 1321. Population (1892), 66,500. Ravenna, Exarchate of. The dominion of the Byzantine exarch (or governor) in Italy, with its headquarters in Ravenna. The Ostrogothic realm in Italy was conquered by the Byzantines in 536553, and the exarchate was instituted in 568. It comprised at first Italy, but was soon confined to a district in northeastern Italy, near Ravenna; and was taken from the Lombards by Pepin the Short in 755 and granted to the Pope. Ravens burg (rä'vens-börg). A town in the circle of the Danube, Würtemberg, situated on the Schu en 22 miles east-northeast of Con stance. It has flourishing manufactures and trade, and has several fine buildings. It was founded by the Welfs; became a free imperial city in the 13th century; pa ed to Bavaria in 1803; and pa ed to Würtemberg in 1810. Population (1890), 12,267. Ravens croft (rā'venz-kroft), Edward. An English dramatist of the 17th century. He was a student of law in the Temple. His works include izen turned Gentleman" (1675), "Scaramouch" (1677), "The Carele Lovers" (1673), "Mama mouch i, the Cit"The Wrangling Lovers, or the Invisible Mistre " (1677), "King Edgar and Alfred a" (1677), "The English Lawyer" (1678: a translation of the Latin play "Ignoramus"), "The London Cuckolds" (1683). "Dame Dobson, or the Cunning Woman" (1684), "The Canterbury Guests, or a Bargain Broken" (1695), "The Anatomist, or the Sham Doctor" (1697), "The Italian Husband" (1697). Ravenspur (ra'vn-sper). A place (now submerged) on the coast of Yorkshire, England, near Spurn Head, where Henry IV. landed in 1399 and Edward IV. in 1471. Ravens wood (rā'venz-wud), Edgar, Master of. The lover of Lucy Ashton in Scott's "Bride of Lammer moor." A melancholy and revengeful man, finding her as he suppose faithle to him, he bitterly in a quicksand on his way to the meeting. Ravi (rä'vē), or Maravi (mä-rä'vē). A Bantu tribe of British Nyas sal and, central Africa, settled on a high plateau southwest of Lake Nya a. Once a powerful nation, they have been much reduced in numbers and power by the Maviti and other tribes owning firearms. They are kinsmen of the Manganja. A fraction of the tribe fled east to the Namuli Mountains, and mixed there with Lomwe tribes. Ravi, or Ravee (rä've). One of the "five rivers" of the Panjab, India, uniting with the Chenab 35 miles northeast of Multan. Length, over 400 miles. Rawal Pindi, or Rawul Pindee (râ'ul pin'dē). 1. A division of the Panjab, British India. Area, 15,435 square miles. Population (1881), 2,520,508.-2. A district in the Rawal Pindi division, intersected by lat. 33° 30′ N., long. 73° E. Area, 4,844 square miles. Population (1891), 887,194.-3. The capital of the district of Rawal Pindi, situated about lat. 33° 37′ N., long. 73° 5' E. It is an important military station and commercial center. Population, including cantonment (1891), 73,795. Rawdon, Lord. See Hastings , Francis Rawdon. Rawil, or Rawyl (rä-vēl'), Pa , F. Col des Ravins (kol da rä-van'). An Alpine pa on the border of the cantons of Bern and Valais, Switzerland, leading from the Simmenthal in Bern to the Rhone valley at Sion. Rawlins (ra'linz), John Aaron. Born at East Galena, Ill., Feb. 13, 1831: died at Washington, D. C., Sept. 9, 1869. An American general. He was a Douglas Democrat in 1860, but joined the Union army on the outbreak of the Civil War, and became a is Rawlins tant adjutant-general to Grant in 1861, and chief of staff with the rank of brigadier-general in 1865. He was secretary of war 1869. Rawlinson (ra'lin-son), George. Born at Chad ling ton, Oxfords hire, England, 1815. An English historian, Orientalist, and theologian, the brother of Sir H. C. Rawlinson. He became canon of Canterbury cathedral in 1872. He has published "Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World" (1862-67), "The Sixth Great Oriental Monarchy" (1873), "The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy" (1876), "A Manual of Ancient History" (1869), a translation of Hero dot us (1858-60: conjointly with his brother and Sir J. G. Wilkinson), "A History of Egypt" (1881), "Phoenicia" (1889), and various theological works. Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke. Born at Chad ling ton, Oxfords hire, April 11, 1810: died at London, March 5, 1895. An English A yriologist and diplomatist. He entered the East India Company's army in 1827, and held various important of fices both military and diplomatic, retiring in 1856. In 1858 he was appointed British minister at Teheran, where he remained one year. He became member of Coun cil of India in 1808, and president of the Royal Geo graph i philosopher. He was a priest attached to the parish of St. Sulpice in Paris, but was dismi ed for bad conduct, and subsequently devoted himself to literature. His best known work is the "His to ire philosophique et politique des établi ements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes" ("Philosophical and Political History of the Establishments and Commerce of the Europe ans in the Two Indies": published 1770; new edition 1780-85). The book was burned by order of the Parlement in 1781 on account of its liberalism, and its author was exiled. He also wrote "His to ire du Stathoudérat" (1748), "Anecdotes littéraires" (2 vols. 1750), “Mémoires politiques de l'Europe" (3 vols. 1754-74), etc. Raynal was regarded as a leader of the French freethinkers. Raynouard (rā-nö-är'), François Juste Marie. Born at Brignoles, France, Sept., 1761: died at Pa y, Paris, Oct. 27, 1836. A French poet and scholar. He was noted for his works on Provençal literature and language, including "Choix des poésies origin a les des troubadours" (1816-21), and "Lexique roman, a dictionary of the language of the troubadours, with a grammar and a selection of poems (1836-45). Razès (rä-zā'). A former small division of Langue doc, France, corresponding to parts of the departments of Aude and Pyrénées-OrienRazor (rā'zor). An amusing intriguing valet cal Society in 1871. He was made a K. C. B. in 1856, a G. C. B. in 1889, and a baronet in 1891. He copied, amid tales. great hardships, the trilingual inscription at Behistun. lonia" (1850), "Outline of the History of As syria" (1852), 59° 18' W. Ray, or Wray (ra), John. Born near Brain tree, E ex, England, 1628: died Jan. 17, 1705. A noted English naturalist, called "the father of English natural history." He traveled on the Continent with Will ugh by 1663-66. It is thought that the latter deserves much of the praise which Ray received as the founder of systematic zoology. He published "Catalog us plant arum Angliæ, etc." (1670); "A Collection of English Proverbs" (1670, and many later editions); "Method us plant arum nova, etc.” (1682); “Hist or i a plant arum" (16861704); "Method us in sec to rum" (1705), and many zoological works; "The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Creation" (1691); "Miscellaneous Discourses" (1692); etc. The Ray Society was established in 1844 for the purpose of publishing "rare books of established merit" on zoology, botany, etc. Rayi (ra'ē). [Ar. al-rd't, the shepherd.] A rarely used name of a Ophiuchi, usually known as Rasalhague . Rayleigh, Lord. See Strutt, John William. Raymi, Feast of. See Hatun Raymi . Raymond (ra'mond). A village in Hinds County, Mi i ippi, 13 miles west by south of Jackson. Here, May 12, 1863, part of Grant's army defeated the Confederates. Raymond IV., of Saint-Gilles. Died at Tripolis, Feb. 28, 1105. Count of Toulouse 1088-1105. He was one of the most powerful princes in Europe in his participated in the first Crusade. He besieged Tripolis in 1104. Also Raimond , Raimund , etc. Raymond VI. Born 1156: died 1222. Count of Toulouse 1194-1222. He took part with the Albigenses against the Crusaders under Montfort, and was totally defeated by the latter in 1213. Raymond, Henry Jarvis. Born at Lima, N. Y., Jan. 24, 1820: died at New York, June 18, 1869. An American journalist and politician. He became a istant editor of the New York "Tribune" 1841; later was on the staff of the "Courier and Enquirer"; was speaker of the New York A embly in 1850 and 1861; founded the "New-York Times" in 1851; was lieutenant governor of New York 1855-57; and was Republican member of Congre from New York 1865-67. He wrote "A History of the Administration of President Lincoln" (1864), "Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln" (1865), etc. Raymond, John T. (a umed name of John O'Brien). Born at Buffalo, N. Y., April 5, 1836: died at Evansville, Ind., April 10, 1887. An American comedian. He made his first appearance on the stage at Rochester, New York, in 1853; and in 1859 made his first distinctive hit as Asa Trenchard with Sothern as Dundreary. In 1873 he first took the part of Colo nel Mulberry Sellers in "The Gilded Age," for which he is chiefly remembered. Raymond Lully. See Lully. Raynal (ra-näl'), Guillaume Thomas François: called Abbé Raynal. Born at St.-Geniez, Aveyron, France, April 12, 1713: died at Paris, March 6, 1796. A French historian and ing to the department of Charente-Inférieure. Chief place, St.-Martin. The chief industry is salt manufacture. It was the scene of an unsucce ful expedition of the English under the Duke of Bucking ham against the French in 1627. Length, 18 miles. Read (red), George. [The E. surname Read, also spelled Reade , Reed , Sc. Reid , is the same as the adj. red , and, like Black , White , etc., re ferred, as a surname, to the complexion.) Born in Cecil County, Md., Sept. 18, 1733: died at Newcastle, Del., Sept. 21,1798. An American statesman and jurist, signer of the Declaration of Independence as delegate to Congre from Delaware. He was United States senator from Delaware 1789-93, and chief justice of Delaware IMG:content-0834.png:[blocks in formation] Recorde Sevier County, Tenn., Oct. 8, 1818. An American Democratic politician. He was member of Congre from Texas 1857-61; was postmaster-general of the Confederacy 1861-65, and (for a short time) acting secre tary of the treasury; was a member of Congre from Texas 1875-87; and was a United States senator 1887-91, when he resigned in order to accept the chairmanship of the railroad commi ion of the State of Texas. Reate (re-a'te). The ancient name of Rieti. Réaumur (rā-ō-mür'), René Antoine Fer chault de. Born at La Rochelle, France, Feb. 28,1683: died on his estate, Bermondière, Maine, France, Oct. 18, 1757. A French physicist and naturalist, best known as the inventor (about 1731) of the Réaumur thermometer, in the scale of which the space between the freezing-point and the boiling-point of water is divided into 80 degrees. He also discovered the porcelain narmed from him. His chief work is "Mémoires pour servir à l'his to ire naturelle des insectes" (1734-42). Rebecca, or Rebekah (re-bek'ä). [F. Rebecque , Sp. Rebeca , Pg. It. Rebecca , L. Rebecca , Gr. 'Pe βέκκα , Heb. Ribhqah , from rabhak , bind, fasten.] The sister of Laban, wife of the patriarch Isaac and mother of Esau and Jacob. Rebecca (re-bek'ä). A character in Sir Walter Scott's novel "Ivanhoe”: a Jewe , the daughter of Isaac of York. She secretly loves Ivanhoe, whom she cures of a wound, and repulses at the peril of her life the criminal love of De Bois Guilbert, on account of whose infatuation she is condemned as a witch, but is saved by the sudden death of her accuser. After the marriage of Ivanhoe to Rowena, she leaves England with her father. Rebellion, The. 1. In United States history, the Civil War (which see). - 2. In Scottish history, the Jacobite insurrections. Rebellion, The Great. In English history, the war waged by the Parliamentary army against Charles I. from 1642 to his execution in 1649, and the subsequent maintenance by force of a government opposed to the excluded sovereign Charles II. till the Restoration in 1660. Rebello da Silva (re-bel'lö dä selvä), Luis Aug us to. Born at Lisbon, April 1, 1822: died Sept. 19, 1871. A Portuguese historian, novelist, and political orator. His chief works are a "History of Portugal in the 17th and 18th Centuries" (1860-71) and the historical novel "A mocidade de D. João V." ("The Youth of Dom John V.," 1851-53). Récamier(rā-kä-mya'), Madame (Jeanne Françoise Julie Adélaïde Bernard). Born at Lyons, Dec. 4, 1777: died at Paris, May 11, 1849. A celebrated French leader of society. She was married at 15 to Monsieur Jacques Récamier, who was nearly three times her age. Her beauty and intelligence attracted to her salon a brilliant circle at Paris during the consulate and empire, and later at Abbaye-aux-Bois. She was exiled from Paris by Napoleon. Among her friends were Madame de Staël, Chateaubriand (who wished to marry her after the death of her husband), Constant, etc. The only one of her admirers who is thought to have touched her heart was Prince August us of Pru ia. She agreed to marry him, and her husband, who had lost his fortune, consented to a divorce: she, however, touched by his amiability, refused to leave him in his poverty. Her "Souvenirs et correspond ance" were edited by her niece Madame Lenormant in 1859. Reade (red), Charles. Born at Ipsden House, Oxfords hire, June 8, 1814: died at London, April 11, 1884. An English novelist and dramatist. He graduated at Oxford (Magdalen College) in 1835; was elected to a Vinerian scholarship at Oxford in 1842; and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1843. He is noted for the skill with which he inveighed against social wrongs. His first play, "Gold," appeared in 1850, His principal works are "Peg Woffington" (1852), "Christie John stone" (1853), "Masks and Faces" (a play, with Tom Taylor), "Clouds and Sunshine" and "Art" (1855), "It's Never Too Late to Mend" (1856: also dramatized), "Love me Little, Love me Long" (1859), "The Cloister and the Hearth" (1861), "Hard Cash" (1863), "Griffith Gaunt" (1866), "Foul Play" (1869), "Put Yourself in His Place" "A Terrible Temptation" (1871), and "The Wandering Heir" (1872). Among his other novels are "The Course of True Love never did Run Smooth" (1857), "White Lies" (1857), "A Woman-Hater" (1877), "A Simpleton" (1874), etc. Among his plays are "A Scuttled Ship" (1879: with Boucicault, from "Foul Play") and "Drink" (from Zola's "L'A ommoir"). Rechabites (rek'a-bits). The members of a Jewish family and's family and sect descended from Rechab, which, in obedience to the command of Jonadab, Rechab's son, refused to drink wine, build or live in houses, sow seed, or plant or own vineyards (Jer. xxxv. 5-10). Reade, William Winwood. Born at Ipsden, Recife. Recife. See Pernambuco . England, 1839: died at Wimbled on, England, April 24, 1875. An English traveler in Africa, and novelist, a nephew of Charles Reade. He published "The African Sketch-Book" (1873), "Ashantee Campaign" (1875), etc., and "Savage Africa. Reading (red'ing). [ME. Reding , AS. Reading as , prop. the name of the inhabitants, 'the descendants of Read,' i. e. Red, a man's name.] Atown in Berks hire, England, situated on the Kennet, near its junction with the Thames, 39 miles west by south of London. It has considerable trade, and manufactures of biscuits, iron, ale, etc., and contains ruins of a Benedictine abbey. It was the headquarters of the Danes in their inroad on We ex in 871, and the scene of one of their defeats; was burned by the Danes in 1006; and was taken by the Parliamentarians under the Earl of E ex in 1643. Population (1891), 60,054. Reading. A city, capital of Berks County, Penn Reckling hausen (rek'ling-hou-zen). 1. A former countship in Westphalia, annexed to Pru ia in 1815.-2. A town in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, situated 31 miles southwest of Münster. Population (1890), 7,640; commune, 14,041. Reclus (rā-klü'), Jean Jacques Élisée. Born at St.-Foy-la-Grande, Gironde, March 15, 1830. A French geographer. He traveled in England, Ireland, and North and South America, 1852-57, and subsequently devoted himself to writing books of travel and geography: some of these were first published in the "Tour du Monde" and the "Revue des Deux Mondes," and republished in book form. They include "La terre " (1867-68), "Les phénomènes terrestres, le monde et les météores" (1872: republished in English as "The Ocean"), "Voyage à la Sierra Nevada de Sainte-Mar the," etc. His greatest work is the "Nouvelle géographie universelle" (20 vols., 4to, 1875-94). In 1871 Réclus was sentenced to sylvan i a, situated on the Schuylkill 50 miles transportation for life on account of his connection with northwest of Philadelphia. It is an important rail. way and manufacturing center; contains machine-shops of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad; and has manufactures of iron, steel, bra , shoes, cigars, leather, etc. It was laid out in 1748, and became a city in 1847. Popula tion (1890), 58,661. Reading Magdalen, The. See Magdalen , 1. Reading the Will. A painting by Sir David Wilkie (1820), in the New Pinakothek at Munich. A number of persons, of all ages and various demeanor, are a embled in a room listening to the reading of a will by a lawyer, who sits at a table. Reagan (re'gan), John Henninger. Born in the Paris Commune, but the sentence was commuted to banishment at the interce ion of numerous distinguished scientists, and he lived at Clarens, Switzerland, until the amnesty of 1879 permitted his return to Paris. Recoaro (rā-kō-ä'rō). A watering-place in the province of Vicenza, northern Italy, situated 21 miles north-northeast of Verona. Population (1881), commune, 6,163. Recorde (rek'ord), Robert. Born at Tenby, Wales, about 1500: died in the King's Bench prison, London, 1558. A British mathematician and physician. He entered Oxford in 1525; was Recorde fellow of All Souls in 1531; and was physician to Edward VI. and Queen Mary. He wrote "The Grounde of Artes, teachinge the Perfect Worke and Practise of Arithme ticke" (1540), "The Pathway to Knowledge, containing the First Principles of Geometry" (1551), "The Castle of Knowledge, etc." (1556), "The Whetstone of Witte, etc.," the first English book on algebra (1557). Most of his works are in the form of dialogues between the pupil and his master. Recruiting Officer, The. A comedy by Farquhar, produced at Drury Lane in 1706. It is his most succe ful play. Reculver (rē-kul'ver), or Reculvers (-vérz). A place on the coast of Kent, England, 9 miles northeast of Canterbury: the Roman Regulbium. Recuyell of the His to ryes of Troye. ['Collection of the Tales of Troy.'] See the extract. The first book printed in English, the "Recuyell of the His to ryes of Troye," a stout folio of 351 leaves, does not contain the date of printing, nor the name and place of the printer; but it appears from the introduction that it was translated from the French by William Caxton between the years 1469 and 1471. When and where it was printed is a vexed question. The monogram which was exhibited by Caxton in his later books is interpreted by Madden as Wil liam Caxton , 1474, Sancta Coloni a . It is an indication that a notable event in his life was represented by 1474 and the city of Cologne and authorize the conjecture that at this time and place he published his first book. De Vinne, Invention of Printing, p. 507. Redan (re-dan'). A fortification defending Sebastopol in the Crime an war. It was stormed by the British Sept. 8, 1855, but immediately abandoned by them. Red Bank (red bangk'). A village in Gloucester County, New Jersey, situated on the Delaware 7 miles south of Philadelphia. Here, Oct. 22, 1777, the Americans defeated the British and He ian forces under Donop. Red Book of Hergest, The. [W. Llyfr Coch .] The collection of Welsh tales known in its English translation as "The Mabinogion." It is a MS. of the 14th century, and is at Jesus College, Oxford. It contains a chronology from Adam to 1318 A. D., a chrono logical history of the Saxons to 1376, and the oldest copies known to exist of the poems of Taliesin and Llywarch Hen. Red Cro Knight, The. The hero of the first book of the "Faerie Queene," by Spenser.