AMMONIA

(Lat.),n.f. A?m(a$m)-mo/ni?-a3. From sal ammoniac us, which, Cees to some, was so named from the temple of ue Ammon in Ly bia, near which it used to bent epared from ls dung. Fr., ammonia que. Ger., Ammoniak, It., ammo- Sp., amoniaco. Syn.: ammoniacum, ammoniac a, alcali e, alkatine air, A colorle gas, NH,, of an extremely punent, suffocative odor, and of strong alkaline taste and reaction, eas a sp. gr. of 0°5893. It has been obtained in a liquid and solid state the action of cold and pre ure. It is readily soluble in water and in alcohol, one volume of the former solvent taking up 700 volumes of a. at the ordinary temperature and pre ure, (See Aqua ammon iæ, Aqueous a., and Spiritus ammon iæ.) In composition it is found widel e diffused in nature, and the gas is formed artificially in a variety of ways, the primitive method having been to extract it from decomposing urine. Aqueous a. has been known since the time of Raymond Lully, in the thirteenth century, but Priest ley first isolated the gas in 1774. The name a. was given to it Ly Berg in an in 1782, In ordinary parlance, the word a. n eans a solution of a. in water (aqueous a.). In composition, a. acts as a monacid base, ncutralizing acids and forming crystalline salts, known as ammoniacal or ammonium salts. For the constitution of these salts as well as for the names of the individual salts, see under AMMONIUM, [B, 2.]—- Acetas ammon iæ. Ammonium acetate. 97.]—Acetas ammon iæ aquosus (seu dilutus, seu liquidus, seu solutus). See Liquor AMMONU a cet at is. [L, 85.]—Acetas ammon iæ solutus concent ratus. See Liquor AMMONII acetic i concent ratus.—Acetas anmoniæ solutus dilutus. See Liquor AMMONII a cet at is.— Albuminoid a. The a. derivable from the albuminoid constituents of water, after the free a. existing in the latter has been removed in the proce of chemical analysis. [B, 156.1—Alcohoi ammon iæ anisatum. See Spiritus ammon iæ an is at us.—Aleohol ammon iæ et guiaici. Tinctura GUAIACI ammon i at a.— Alcoholie a. Lat., alcati ammoniacum vinosum. Ger., alkoholisches Ammoniak. A solution of a. in alcohol.—Aldehyde a. See ALDEHYDAMMONIA.—A. acetate. For this and other a. salts, see under AMMONIUM. — alum. See under ALUM. — A. and mercury muriate. Mercury and ammonium chloride. — A. aqua soluta, See Aqua ammon iæ.— À. bihydrosulphate. An old term for ammonium hydrcsulphide, so called because, in the old notation, represented by a molecule of ammonia united with 2 molecules of hydrosulphuric acid, NH,.2HS. [B.J—A. carmin. See under CARMIN.— A. caustic a. See Caustic a,—A. caustic a liquid a. See Aqua ammon iæ.—Ammoniæ acetas, Ammonium acetate. — Ammoniæ aqua, Ammoniæ aqua fortior. See Aqua ammon iæ and Aqua ammon iæ fortior.—Ammoniæ arsenias, Ammoniæ arsenis. For these and similar Latin titles see AMMONII arsenias, AMMONII arsenis, etc—Ammoniæ benzoas [Br. Ph. (1867)]._ Ammonium benzoate. [B.]— Ammoniæ bromhydras. See Bromhydras ammonie.—Ammoniæ carbon as. Ammonium carbonate (usually the sesquicarbonate, but in the Dubl. Ph. [1850] the normal carbonate). [B.] See also Carbon as ammon iæ.—Ammoniæ carbon at is aqua. See Liquor AMMONTI carbonic i.—Ammoniz chi or hydras. See Chlorhydras ammon iæ.—Ammoniæ ferrico-citras. Iron and ammonium citrate. [B,98.]—Ammoniæ ferrico-tartras, Ammoniæ ferro-tartras. Iron and ammonium tartrate. [B, 98.]—Ammoniæ hydriodas, Ammoniæ hydrobromas, Ammoniæ hydrochloras, Ammoniæ hydro sulphas. See_Hydriodas ammon iæ, etc-—-Ammoniæ hydro sulph ure tum [Dubl. Ph, (1850)]. Ammonlum hydrosulphide. [B,98.]—Ammoniæ hypo carbon as. See Hypo carbon as ammon iæ.—Ammoniæ mono carbon as. Normal ammonium carbonate. [B, 98..—Ammoniz murias. See Murias ammon iæ.—Ammoniæ nitras, Ammoniæ phosphas [Br. Ph, (1867)]. See Ammonrom nitrate and AMMONIUM (te e. “Ammoniæ sesquicarbonas. Ammonium. sesquicarhonate. [B, 98.] See AMMONIUM carbonate—Ammoniw sesquicarbonas pyro-oleos us. See AMMONIUM carbon i cum pyro-oleosum.—Ammoni sesquicarbonas rafinatus. Refined ammonium squicarbonate. [B, 98.]—A. ferro-citrate, A. ferro-tartrai See under Ammonium.—A. hydriodate. Lat., ammon iæ hydriodas, iodhydras ammonia. Fr., iodhydrate d’ammonia que [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., Jodwa ersloff-Ammoniak, It., iodidrato (0 idriodato)d'ammoniac a, Sp., hidriodato (6 iodhidrato)de amoniaco. Ammonium iodide; so called because Fegarded as a direct compound of a. with hydriodic acid, NH3.HI. [B.|—A. hydro bromate, A. hydro bromide. Lat., kydrobromas (seu bromhydras) ammonia. Fr., bromhydrate d'ammonia que [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., Bronvra erstoff- Ammoniak. It., bromid rato (0 idrobromato) d'ammoniac a. Sp., hid rob rom a to (6 bromhidrato)de amoniaco. Ammonium bromide; so called because regarded as a direct compound of a. with hydrobromic acid; NH;.HBr. [B.]—A. hydro chlorate, A. hydroehlorica, A, hydrochloride. Lai, ammon iæ hydrochloras, hydrochloras (seu chlorhydras) ammon iæ. Fr., chlorkhydrate d’ammonia que [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., Chlorwa erstof-Ammoniak. It., cloridrato (0 idroclorato) d’ammoniac a. Sp., hidroclorato (6° clorhidrato) de amoniaco. Ammonium chloride; so called because recarded as a direct compound of a. and hydrochloric acid; NHs.HBr. fea. hydrosulphate. Lat., hydro sulphas(seu hydro sulph ure tum) ammon iæ. Fr., sulfhydrate (ou hydro sulfate) d’ammonia que. It, solfidrato (0 idrosolfato) d’ammoniac a. Sp., hidrosulfato (6 sulfhidrato) de amoniaco. An old name for ammonium sulphide; so called because in the old system of notation it was represented by the formula NH3.HS, or that of a. combined with hydrosulphuric acid. [BB 98.] The ordinary a. hydrosulphate of the pharmaco- œias is, however, ammonium hydrosulphide. [B.]—A. liquid a. See Aqua ammonie.—A. muriata, A. muriate, A. muriatic a. Ammonium chloride. — A. prwparata. Ammonium sesquicarbonate. [L, 85.j—A. pur a, A. pur a fiuida, A. pur a liquid a. Aqua ammon iæ. [L, 8.]—A. soap. Ger., Ammoniakseife. A compound of a. with a fatty acid. [B.] See Lin i mentum ammon iæ and A. soar.—A. sub car bonie a. Ammonium sesquicarbonate. [B.]—A. water. See Aqua ammonia and Solution of a—Anhydrous Gaseous a. [B.]—Aqua a cet at is ammon iæ [Ed. Ph. CDI © Liquor AMMONII a cet at is—Aqua ammon iæ [U. S. Ph.].., ammonia que liquide of ficin ale [Fr. Cod.] (ou du commerce [Fr. Cod.]), eau (ou hydrolé, ou liqueur, ou solution) d'am manta que. Ger., Ammoniakflü igkeit, Aetzammoniak, Salmiakgeist. It., ammoniac a liquid a. Sp, amoniaco liquido. Syn,: liquor ammon iæ [Br. cod iquor ammonii caustic i de Ph.], a. liquid a [Belg. Ph.], solutio ammoniac i (Dan. Ph.], a. aqua soluta [Fr. Cod. (1866)], ammonium causticum solutum [Ru . Ph.], lixivium ammonic ale (seu causticum), spiritus sal is ammoniac i aquosus, spirit of hartshorn, a. water. solution of 10 pates by weight (abont 13,100 parts by volume) [U. S. Ph., Br. Ph., Ger. Ph., Aust. Ph., Dan. Ph., Ru . Ph.], or of 20 parts by weight [Fr. Cod.], or of 17 parts [Belg. Ph.], in 100 parts of water. It is a clear, colorle liquid, of pungent Grecs odor, acrid taste, and marked alkaline reaction, having a sp. gr. of 0'959 [U. S. Ph., Br. Ph., Ger. Ph.], or of 0°925 [Fr. Cod.]. In other pharma copæias the percentaze by weight of a. varies from 8 to 23, and the sp. gr. from 0°9160 to 0'966. Aqua ammon iæ, whether administered by inhalation of the ammoniacal fumes emitted from it, by the mouth, or by intravenous or hypodermic injection, acts as an energetic cardiac stimulant, and causes marked, although transitory, increase in the blood-pre ure and rate of respiration. It is heneé used in syncope and in depre ed conditions of the sen from any cause. It is also used ‘internally as an antacid. ‘Locally, it acts as a rubefacient,:vesicant, or caustic, according to the degree of concentration of the preparation, and when taken internally, undiluted, acts as a corrosive poison. In very large doses it causes cardiac_paralysis. [B, 5, 10, 113; L.j—Aqua amimoniæ a cet at is. See Liquor AM- Monit @cclatis—Aqua ammon iæ causticæ. Pure peus, ammonie. (B, 98.]—Aqua ammon iæ diluta (Ed. Ph. (1819)]. Fr., eau @an mon i a que affaiblie, A solution made by mixing aqua ammon iæ of a sp. gr. of 0'959 with 2 parts of water. [L,95.]— Aqua ammon iæ fortior [U. S. Ph.]. Fr., eau d'ammonia que forte. Ger., starker Salmiakgeist. It., ammoniac a liquid a concent rata, Syn.: liquor ammon iæ fortior [Br. Ph.]. Stronger water of a., strong solution of a. An aqueous solution of a. containing 28 per cent. by weight of a. and having a sp. gr. of 0°900 [U. S. Ph. containing 325 per cent. of a, and having 4 gS, of 0°891 [Br. Ph.]. It has the same properties as aqua ammon iæ, but is more irritant and is used as a local application or as a means of making the weaker solution and other ammoniacal preparations. [B.]—Aqua ammon iæ pure. Pure aqua ammon iæ. [B, 98.]—A bonatis ammon iæ. See Liquor amMon it carbon i sulphuret i ammoniz. See Liquor fumans Boylit.—Aqueous a. Lat., a. liquid a, alcali ammoniacum aquosum. Fr., ammonia que liquide. Ger., Salmiakgeist, Hirschhorngeist. It., ammoniac a liquid a. Sp.,amoniaco liquido. Solution of a., spirit of hartshorn. À solution of a. in water. Such a solution has the physical properties given under aqua ammon iæ, these properties varying with the amount of gas di olved. The saturated solution contains about 36 per cent. by weight of the gas, has a sp. gr. of 0'875 at 10° C. and 0'884 at 14° C., freezes at —40° ©, and boils at 54°C. Aqueous a. gives off ammoniacal gas at ordinary temperatures, and still more readily on heating. The a. contained in it is thought to be present in the form of ammonium hydroxide. [B.]—Aromatie spirit of a. See Spiritus ammon iæ aromatic us.—Benzoas ammonia. Ammonium benzoate.—Berthollet’s neutral a. carbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate. [B, TU ammon iæ. A. hydro bromate; ammonium bromide. [B.|—Carbon as ammon iæ [Fr. Cod., Belg. Ph.], Carbon as ammon iæ a leal in us, Carbon as ammon iæ erystallisatus, Carbon as ammon iæ _in comp let us. Ammonium sesquicarbonate. [B, 95, 113; L, 85.]—Carjonas ammon iæ pyro-animal is. See AMMONIUM carbon i cum yro-oleosum.— Carbon as ammon iæ pyro-animal is liquidus. See sure CORNU CERVI—Carbon as ammon iæ pyro oleos us [Belg. Ph.]. See Ammonium carbon i cum pyro-oleosum.— Carbon as ammon iæ pyro-oleos us solutus. See Spiritus CORNU CERVI.—Carbon as ammon iæ solidus. Ammonium sesquicarbonate. [L, 85.]—Carbon as ammon iæ solutns. See Liguor AMMONII carbonic i—Carbon as ammon iæ super am monie us. Ammonium sesquicarbonate. [B, 119.) Canstio a. Lat., a. caustic a, aleali ammoniacum causticum. Ger., detzammoniak. O, no; 0%, not; 03, whole; Th, thin; Th?, the; U. like oo in too; U3, blue; U3, lull; US, full; U®, urn; US, like ü (German). Solution of carbonate of AMMONIUM—Solution of citrate of a. See Liquor AMMONII! citratis.—Solution of oxalate of a. See Sotution of oxalate of AMMONIU: pir it of a. See Spiritus ammon iæ. —Spirit of carbonate of a. See Spiritus ammon iæ carbon at is. Spiritus ammon iæ [U. S. Ph.]. Fr., alcoolé (ou esprit) d’ammonia que, liqueur d'ammonia que vine Ger., Ammoniakweingeist. It., spirito di ammoniac a. Syn.: liquor ammonii vinos us (seu dulcis, seu dulcificatus), alcohol ammonia tum. Spirit of a. 1. An alcoholic solution of a, containing 10 per cent. by weight of the latter [U. S. Ph.]. A similar preparation containing variable amounts of a. is official in a number of formularies. 2. In the Lond. Ph. (1851) and Dubl. Ph. (1850), the spiritus ammon iæ carbon at is. [B; L.]--Splritus ammon iæ an is at us. See Liquor AMMONII an is at us.—Spiritus ammon iæ aromatic us (U.S. Ph., Br. Ph.]. Fr., esprit de Sylvius (ou volatil huileux et a rom at i que de Sylvius) esprit a rom at i que ammoniacal. Ger., a rom at is cher Ammoniakgeist, It., spirito di ammoniac a aromatic a, Syn.: spiritus aromatic us ammoniacal is (seu volatilis aromatic us, seu salinus aromatic us, seu oleos us aromatic us Sy'vii), tinctura ammon i at a aromatic a, liquor oleos us Sylvii, lixivium ammoniac ale a rom at i cum. Aromatic spirit of a. A preparation made by di olving oil of lavender flowers and oil of piment a each 1 part, and oil of lemon 12 parts, in alcohol 700 parts, adding a solution of ammonium carbonate 40 parts in 100 parts of a. water and 140 parts of water, and bringing the whole by the addition of water up to 1,000 parts [U. S, Ph.]. ‘The preparation of the Br. Ph, contains in 140 fluid ounces the products of distillation of ammonium carbonate 8 0z., liquor autmoniee fortior 4 fluid ounces, oil of nutmeg 4 flu i drachms, oil of lemon 6 flu drachms, rectified spirit 120 fluid ounces, and water 60 fiuidounces, Similar preparations were formerly official in many pharmacopoias. Aromatic spirit of a. is a liquid, nearly colorle when first prepared, but gradually changing to a darker hue, having a punent, aromatic, ammoniacal odor and aromatic taste. Sp. gr., 0885 U. S. Ph.}, 0°870 [Br. Ph.]. It is frequently used as an antacid and stimulant,’ [B, 5.|—Spiritus ammon iæ carbon at is. An aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate containing 30 grains to the pint (? imperial), [LL, 130.) Cf. Liquor AMMONII carbonic i.—Spirimoniæ compos it us. See Spiritus ammon iæ a rom at i rit us ammonlæ cum sucelno, Fr., ammonia que aluccinée. je Luce. Ger., be ras tein halt i ger Ammon Syn.: aqua Lucie, liquor excitans, liquor ex ammoitio preparation official in many pharma copæias, q akgeist. et oleo succini. a made by adding oil of amber to spirit of a, The spiritus ammonia: succi nat us (tinctura ammon iæ compos it a) [Lond. Ph. (1851)] contained in a pint (? imperial) 4 minims of oil of amber, 14 minims of oil of lavender, and 2 drachms of mastic, Some formularies also direct the addition of soap., 98; L, 85.) Cf. Liquor AMMONII succinic i —Spiritus ammon iæ fœtid us [Br. Ph.}. Fr., at cool at ammoniacal fétide, Ger., ammonia katis cher Stink a sant geist. 1t., spirito di ammoniac a fetid a. Syn.: atcohol ammonia tum fœtidum. Fœtid spirit of a. A preparation made by mixing 2 fluid ounces of stronger water of a. with the distillate from a mixture of 13 ounce (avoird.) of asafœtid a and 15 fluid ounces of rectified spirit, and bringing the whole up to 20 fluid ounces by the addition of rectified spirit. “A preparation differing but slightly from this was formerly official in many pharma copæias. [B; L, 85.]—Spiritus ammonke lactescens, Spiritus ammon iæ lacteus, Spiritus ammon iæ snecinatus. See Spiritus ammon iæ cwm succi no.—Splritus ammon iæ volatilis fœtid us. See Spiritus ammon iæ fœtid us,—Stronger water of a., Strong solution ofa. See Aqua am in on iæ fortior—Sub ear bon as ammon iæ. Ammonium sesuicarbonate. [L, 85.]—Sub carbon as ammon iæ animal is. See MMONIUM carbon i cum pyro-oleosum,—Subearbouas amn pyro-animal is itanutines See Spiritus CORNU CERVI.—SU bon as ammon iæ pyro-oleos us. See AMMONIUM carbon i cum pyro-olcosum.—Succitias ammon iæ. Ammonium succinate. [L, 85.]—Suceinas ammonia pyro-animal is liquidus. See Liquor AMMONIL succinic i.—Suceinas ammon iæ pyro-oleos us. Fr., succinate d'ammonia que huileux. The product ohtained hy neu: tralizing the spiritus cornu cervi with succinic acid, filtering, and crystallizing; an impure ammonium succinate. [Bav. Ph., 1822, Greek Ph., 1837 (L).| Sues oniæ pyro-oleos us aqnosus. See Liquor AMMONIL succinic i. S ammonite. Ammonium sulphate. [L, 85.]—Sulphas ammon iæ et pota æ. See Ammonium and pota ium sulphate.—Sulphuretum ammonize. See AMMONIVM sulphide —Sulphuretum hydrogen a tum ammon iæ. A, hydrosulphate and Liquor fumans Boylii,— Tartras ammon iæ. See AMMONIUM tartrate—Tartras ammon iæ pyrooleoso-aquosus. Fr,, tartrate d'ammonia que huileux. A preparation made by neutralizing 45 parts of liquor ammonii carbonic i with tartaric acid and adding empyreumatic oil of amber 1 part [Finn. Ph. (1819), Disp. fuldens. (1791)]; or by neutralizing spiritus cornu cervi with tartaric acid [Pru . Ph. (1829)]. [L, 85.]— inetura ammon iæ compos it a. See Spiritus a mim on i we cum succi no,—Unguentum ammon iæ. See Pouwape de Gondret — Voleanie a. Ammonium carbonate produced in the proce of manufacture of borax from sodium carbonate and boric acid. (B, 199.