Pius

(pi'ūs.) [It. Pro, (pe'o.)] The name a umed by the following Roman pontiffs: P. I., s. Hyginus, 142; D. 157.-P. II., s. Calixtus III., 1458; D. 1464.- P. III., s. Alexander V., 1503; D. the same year. - P. IV. (Giovanni Angelo de' Medici), B. 1499, s. Paul IV., 1559, convoked the Council of Trent, 1561-3; and D. 1565. — P. Ѵ., B. 1504, s. the preceding pope; promulgated the bull In Cœna Domini, which a erted the papal supremacy; D. 1574.-P. VI., B. 1717, s. Clement XIV. in 1775. He was deposed by the French in 1798, and carried a prisoner to Valence, in which city he D., 1799. -P. VII., B. 1742, was elected to the Pontificate in 1800, and made a concordat with France in 1801 by which the Roman Catholic religion was restored in that country. In 1804 he crowned Napoleon I. at Paris, and afterward opposing the latter in some of his designs, his States were declared annexed to France, 1809, and himself taken prisoner to Genoa, and thence to Fontainebleau, where he was detained till 1814. D. 1823.-P. VIII., B. 1761, s. Leo XII. in 1829, and D. in the following year.- P. IX. (Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti), B. at Sinigaglia near Ancona, 1792, after some mi ionary experience in S. America, became Archbishop of Spoleto in 1827, and in 1840 a member of the college of cardinals. In June, 1846, he s. Gregory XVI. in the Papal chair. During the first year of his pontificate he showed himself to be a friend to progre and reform; but, stimulated by the succe of the French Revolution, the Italian liberals demanded greater conce ions than P. was willing to accord. In Nov., 1848, he fled from Rome to Gaëta, in consequence of the revolutionary spirit pervading his capital. In Feb. of the next year, a Roman republic was declared, but a French army occupied the city in July and restored P. Among the later events of his pontificate have been the formal definition of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (1854); the revolt of the people of the Romagna and the Legations, and the consequent annexation of the States of the Church to Sardinia; the a embling at Rome of the Ecumenical Council which sanctioned the dogma of Papal Infallibility (1869-70); and occupation of Rome by the Italian army, Sept., 1870. D. Feb. 7, 1878. Suc.by LeoXIII. (q.v.). [s. 713]