Gilbertite

( Min.) A white silky mineral from Stonagwyn, Cornwall. Sp. gr. 265. Comp. Silica 45-15, alumina 40-11, oxide of iron 2-43, magnesia 1.90, lime 4-17, water 4-25. Gilberts borough, in Ala . , a P.O. of Limestone co. Gilbert's Mills, in New York , a P. O. of Oswego co. Gil'bert's Station, in Mo. , a vill. of Lawrence co. Gilbertsville, in New York , a post-village of Otsego co., about 95 m. W. of Albany. Gilbertsville, in Iowa, a P. O. of Black Hawk co. Gilbertsville, in Pennsylvania, a post-office of Montgomery co. Gilbertsville, in Ma ., a P. O. of Worcester co. Gil'boa. [Heb., bubbling fountain.) The name given in the Old Testament to a range of hills, between 500 and 600 ft. high, overhanging the city of Jezreel, on the eastern side of the plain of Esdraelon. It is memorable as the scene of the defeat and death of king Saul and his three sons. Gilboa, in New York , a post-town and township of Schoharie co., on Schoharie river, 50 m. S.W. of Albany. Pop . (1897) about 1,920. Gilboa, in Ohio, a post-village of Putnam co., on the Blanchard river, about 95 m. N.W. of Columbus. Gil'boa, in Virginia , a village of Louisa co. Gil'christ, in Illinois , a post-village of Mercer co., on the C., B. & Q. R.R. Gild, v . a. [ imp . and pp . GILDED OF GILT.] [A. S. gyldan, from gold , to cover with gold.] To overspread with a thin covering of gold; to cover with gold in leaf or powder. "To gild refined gold; to paint the lily."-Shaks. -To cover with any yellow matter. "The stale of horses and the gilded puddle."-Shaks. -To adorn with lustre; to render bright; to illuminate. "A superficial thing that only gilds the apprehension."- South . -To give a fair and agreeable external appearance to. "To gild a lie with happy terms."- Shaks . Gil'das, (St.,) surnamed the Wise , B. A. D. 516, in Britain. He preached in England and Ireland, and pa ed over to France, where he established the monastery of Ruys, near Vannes. D. either at Ruys, or at Glastonbury, England, in 565. Gild'ed, p. a. Overlaid with leaf or a thin coating of gold; illuminated. Gild'er, n. One whose trade or profe ion is to overlay things with gold. -Same as GUILDER, q. v. Gild'ing, n. ( Arts and Manuf .) The art of applying a thin coating of gold to the surface of bodies by either chemical or mechanical means. The beauty and durability of gold render it the most valuable of all the metals for ornament. Its great malleability enables us to cover a large surface of other material with a very small quantity of it by mechanical means; and by the aid of chemical agents it can be still more minutely divided and distributed over the surface of the body to be gilded. The proce of water - gilding is not now much used. By this means, silver, after being perfectly cleaned, is gilded by rubbing it over with a solution of gold in mercury, or amalgam of gold . The article is then heated over a clear charcoal fire, by which the mercury is driven off and the gold left adhering to the surface. Copper and bra are gilded by this proce , by cleaning and rubbing the surface with nitrate of mercury, by which it is amalgamated and enabled to retain the gold amalgam when applied. It is then heated as before and burnished. The fumes of mercury driven off in the heating renders this mode of gilding very unhealthy. It cannot, of course, be used for gilding metals that do not form an amalgam with mercury. Buttons and some kinds of jewelry are gilded by it; the quantity of gold required being so small that a gro of buttons 1 inch in diameter may be gilded on both sides with 5 grains. Metals may be gilded by immersing them in a solution containing gold, which, while it slowly attacks the metal, deposits the gold in its place. One of these solutions is made by di olving 14 oz. troy of gold in 21⁄2 ozs. aqua regia , heating this until the reddish vapors cease to be evolved, diluting with 16 pts. of distilled water, adding 1 lb. of bicarbonate of potash, and boiling for 2 hours. The article is dipped in the hot solution and agitated in it for about a minute. If gold be di olved in a solution of sal-ammoniac and corrosive sublimate in nitric acid,a mixture of chloride of gold and nitrate of gold with some ammonia is formed, which being applied to silver blackens it, but on the application of heat becomes a rich gilding. If 5 drachms of gold be di olved in 10 ozs. of aqua regia , with 1 drachm of copper, and clean linen rags moistened in the solution and then burned to ashes, the ashes will contain finely divided gold; which may be applied to copper, bra , and silver, by rubbing it over them with a cork moistened with a solution of salt in water. To gild articles of steel, agitate ether or naphtha with a solution of terchloride of gold, and decant the light liquid floating on the top. It is applied by means of a camel's-hair pencil. Porous substances, as silks, ivory, ., may be gilded by wetting them with a solution of 1 part of terchloride of gold to 4 or 5 of water, and exposing them to the action of a current of hydrogen gas. For gilding metals the galvanic proce is almost universally used. (For a description of it, see ELECTRO-PLATING AND GILDING.) For gilding wood, plaster of Paris, ., only mechanical means are used. If intended for out-door work, the gold-leaf is laid on by the aid of gold size , i. e., drying-oil mixed with calcined red ochre; if for picture and looking-gla frames, ., a size is used made by boiling parchment-clippings to a jelly and mixing with fine plaster of Paris or yellow ochre. The edges of books are gilded by brushing them over, while on the binder's pre , with a composition of 4 parts of Armenian bole (see BOLE) and 1 of powdered sugar-candy mixed with white of egg; when this coating is nearly dry it is smoothed, and the gold-leaf applied and burnished. The letters and figures on the covers of books are put on by first dusting the surface with finely powdered mastic; the iron tool by which the figure is made is then heated and pre ed upon a piece of gold leaf, which adheres to it; it is then applied to the cover with pre ure. The heated iron softens the mastic, and the gold is retained in the impre ion. In encaustic G., which is applied to gla and porcelain, finely divided gold is first obtained from the chloride, by precipitating with pro to sulphate of iron or by heating. It is then ground up with Ts of its weight of oxide of bismuth and some borax, mixed with gum-water, and applied with a camel's-hair brush. The article is then heated in an oven or furnace; the gum burns off, and the borax vitrifying, cements the gold to the surface. A double sulphide of gold and pota ium is also used for the same purpose, and produces the color known as Burgos lustre. Gil'ead. [Heb., the hill of testimony.] A district of Palestine E. of the Jordan, extending S. from Mount Hermon, between the Jordan and the Arabian desert. Numerous references are made in the Bible to the stately oaks and herds of cattle in this region, which the pres ent appearance of the country fully corroborates. ( Gen. xxx i. 45, xxxvii. 25; Num . xxxii. 1.) The name G. is sometimes used for the whole country E. of Jordan, but the region strictly called G. lay S. of Bashan. The district now called Belka, one of the most fertile in Palestine, was part of G. Mount Gilead, strictly so called, was, without doubt, the mountain Jebel, Jelad, or Jelûd, the foot of which is about 6 m. S. of Jabbok. The mountain extends E. and W. for abt. 10 m. On it is the ruined town of Jelad, probably the site of the ancient city Gilead, called also, in Scripture, Ramoth-Gilead. Gil'ead, in Connecticut , a post-office of Toll and co. Gil'ead, in Illinois , a post-village, formerly cap. of Calhoun co., abt. 90 m. S.W. of Springfield. Gil'ead, in Indiana, a post-village of Miami co., abt. 82 m. N. of Indianapolis. Gil'ead, in Maine , a post-town of Oxford co., 80 m. N.N.W. of Portland. Pop . (1897) about 380. Gil'ead, in Michigan , a post-township of Branch co. Gil'ead, in Mi ouri , a post-village of Lewis co. Gil'ead, in Nebraska , a post-village of Thayer co. Gil'ead, in Ohio , a township of Morrow co. -A post-village of Wood co., now called GRAND RAPIDS, on the Maumee river, about 140 m. N.N.W. of Columbus. Pop . (1897) 572. Giles ( jiles ), in Tenne ee, a S. co., bordering on Alabama; area , about 656 sq. m. Rivers. Elk river and Rich land creek. Surface , diversified; soil , fertile. Cap . Pulaski. Pop . (1890) 34,957. Giles, in Virginia , a S.W. co., bordering on W. Virginia; area, about 446 sq. m. Rivers. Kanawha or New river, and Wolf, Walker's, and Sinking creeks. Surface, mountainous; soil , in some parts fertile. Prod . Corn, wheat, and gra . Cap . Pear is burg. Pop . (1890) 9,090. Giles Court-House, in Virginia . See PEAR IS BURG. Gil'ford, or GUILFORD, in Michigan , a township of Tuscola co. Gil'ford, or GUILFORD, in Minnesota, a township of Wabasha co. Gil'ford, in New Hampshire , a township (containing GILFORD VILLAGE, a post-village, cap. of Belknap co.) about 30 m. N. by E. of Concord. Its manufactures are important. Gilgal. [Heb., a wheel.] A city near the Jordan, where the Israeli tes pa ed the river into Caanan, where they were circumcised and held the first Pa over after leaving the desert ( Joshua iv. 19.). Here rested the tabernacle, until removed to Shiloh; here Samuel held court as judge of Israel, aud here Saul was crowned. It is frequently mentioned in the Bible; a school of the prophets was established here (2 Kings iv. 38), yet it afterwards became a seat of heathen worship, ( Amos iv. 4.) Joseph us places it within 2 miles of Jericho, but no traces of it are at this day extant.