Newman, His Eminence John Henry

cardinal deacon of the Roman-Catholic Church; b. in London, Feb. 21, 1801; educated at Trinity College, Oxford; graduated B.A. (second-cla in cla ics), 1820; in 1822, fellow of Oriel College; in 1825, vice-principal of St Alban's Hall; in 1826, tutor of his college; in 1828 became incumbent of St. Mary's, Oxford, and chaplain of Little more in the neighborhood. He resigned his tutorship in 1832, but retained his incumbency until 1843, standing in the highest esteem for his noble mental and moral qualities, and wielding a great influence upon the undergraduates. He stood with Pusey as recognized leader of the High Church party. He engaged in the production of the Tracts for the Times, and wrote No. 90 (the last of the series), which appeared March, 1841, in which he endeavored to show how the Thirty-nine Articles may be interpreted in the Roman-Catholic sense. In 1842 he established at Little more a kind of monastery, of which he was head for three years. At length, in 1845, he took the step to which his avowed principles logically led him: seceded to the Church of Rome, and entered her priesthood. He was in 1847 appointed to found the Oratory of St. Philip Ner.i, in England; in 1854, rector of the newly founded Catholic University at Dublin; resigned in 1858, and returned to Birmingham to take charge of a school for the sons of Roman-Catholic gentry at Edgbaston, near that city. On May 12, 1879, Pope Leo XIII. created him a cardinal deacon of the Holy Roman Church. A collected edition of his writings appeared in London, 1870-79, 36 vols.; these include Parochial and Plain Sermons, 8 vols.; and three other volumes of sermons; five volumes of miscellanies two religious novels', Lo and Gain, or The Story of a Convert, 1848; Cal list a, a Sketch of the Third Century, 1855; his autobiography, Apologia pro vita sua, 1864; Arians of the Fourth Century, 1833; Lectures on Justification, 1838; Two E ays on Biblical and on Ecclesiastical Miracles, 1843; E ay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, 1845; Difficulties of Anglicans, 1850, 2 vols.; E ay in Aid of the Grammar of A ent, 1870. He wrote "Lead, kindly Light," and other hymns. Cf. Jennings: Story of Cardinal Newman's Life, London, 1882.