essoiner

[Eng.e oin; -er.] Law: One who makes or offers an excuse for the non-appearance of another in a court of law. ěs'-son-ite, *hes-son-ite, s . [Gr. he on =lower, le , because le hard than zircon, idocrase, ., which it resembles; suff. -ite ( Min .) (q. v.).] Min .: Cinnamon-stone: A cinnamon-colored or yellow variety of gro ularite or wilnite, which is a variety of garnet. E onite is from Ceylon. ( Dana .) es-so-rant, a. [ Fr.e or the soaring of birds.] Her.: A term applied to a bird represented with its wings half open as though preparing to take flight. *ěs-soyne', s . [ESSOIGN.] *ěst, a . & s. [EAST.] 4. To ratify, to confirm. "Every vow, and every binding oath to afflict the soul, her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it void."- Numbers xxx. 13. 5. To fix or sottle firmly in an opinion or belief; to free from doubt, wavering, or hesitation. "So were the churches established in the faith."-Acts xvi. 5. 6. To prove legally; to cause to be recognized as legal and valid; as, to establish a marriage. To prove, to confirm. IMG:content-1149.png:[blocks in formation] *15. To form, to model, to manage. "He appointed in what manner his family should be established." -Clarendon. 16. To institute, to set up, to appoint. "The standing public methods which God hath estab . lished in the Church."- Stilling fleet : Sermons, vol. iv., ser. 2. For the difference between to establish and to confirm , see CONFIRM; for that between to establish and to fix , see Fix; and for that between to enab lish and to institute , see INSTITUTE. ěs-tab-lished, pa . par . or a. [ESTABLISH.] Established Church, s . The State religion of a country; a Church selected by the State to receive great and special privileges over other churches. During the first three centuries of the Christian era the Church had little countenance from the State. But in 312 it obtained in Const an tine an imperial proselyte, who made Christianity the State religion of the Roman Empire, exempted the clergy from personal taxes, and ordered that work should no longer be done on the Lord's Day. Though Julian the Apostate tried hard to re-establish heathenism his succe was only temporary, and Const an tine's arrangements remained with little modification to the fall first of the Western, and a millenium later of the Eastern Empire. During med iæval times, Roman Catholicism was the State religion of the western part of Christen dom, but in religious matters every kingdom was in va alage to the Papacy. At the Reformation every nation which cast off the Roman yoke had a Protestant Established Church. That of England was based on the principle of the Royal Supremacy (q. v.). Except during the short reactionary period under Mary, and the revolutionary one of the Commonwealth, the arrangements then made have continued till now. On the union with Ireland in 1801, the Established Church became the United Church of England and Ireland, but the Irish portion of the Church was disestablished and disendowed in 1870. [ Church of Ireland .] In Scotland the Established Church has, with some intervals, been Presbyterian since the first General A embly met in A. D. 1560. It is expected that, when in England, the Sovereign shall attend the Established Church, which is Episcopal, and in Scotland, as a rule, go to the Established Church of that country, which is Presbyterian. The principle of State-Churchism has never found favor in this country.