Equulidæ (ekwoʻlide)

pl. [NL., The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: Dictionary Equulidæ compre ed body covered with deciduous cycloid scales, an elevated supra-occipital crest, very protractile jaws, minute teeth on the jaws and none the late anal in with 3 spines. These fishes have been generally approx. imated to the scombroids, but have rather the aspect of Gerride. About 20 species of small size occur in the In do Pacific region. dorsal with 8 spines in front, and a long Equus (ē'kwus), n. [L., a horse, AS. coh , eh (poet.), a horse, = OS. ehu = OHG. ehu , a horse, = Icel. jor , acc. jō (poet.), a horse, stallion, = Gr. ἵππος, dial. ἶκκος Skt. açva , a horse.] The typical genus of the family Equidæ , formerly conterminous with the family, now often re stricted to the horses proper, as distinguished from the a es and zebras. The cab all us. See horse , and cut under Equida . ert, adv . A Middle English form of erel . er1. [ME. -ere (in early ME., as in AS., the final e was sounded), -ere = OS. -eri = OFries. -ere , -er = D. -er = MLG. -ere, -er, LG. OHG. -āri , -ări, -eri, MHG. -ere, -er, G. -er = -er Icel. -ari = Sw. -are = Dan. -er Goth. -are i-s; a common Teut. formative, suffixed to verbs to form nouns of the agent, as in AS. bæ cere , a baker, creópere , a creeper (cripple), del fere, a delver, etc.; = L. -ariu -s (whence directly E. -ary1, -ari - an , and ult. -er2) = Gr. -ήριο-ς (in L. and Gr. forming adjectives (used also as nouns) from nouns or verbs); orig. a compound suffix, ar + -ia.] An English suffix, originally and properly attached to verbs to form nouns of the agent, as in baker, creeper, delver , driver, reader, sower , writer , etc. Though denoting usually a person, it may denote also, or only, a thing, as ruler, heater, grater , poker , etc. In use it is equivalent to the Latin -or in such forms as instructor , one who instructs, actor , one who acts, confe or , one who confe es, etc. Accordingly, English verbs from Latin supine or per fect participle stems may form their noun of the agent with English - er1 or Latin-or : instructer or instructor , con fe er or confe or, etc. Usually they prefer the Latin form, taking it directly (or mediately through Middle English -our, Old French -our , depositor , radiator , etc., for which there is no Latin original). The suffix or is thus a rough means of distinguishing words of Latin origin: compare auditor , instructor , factor , etc., with their literal English equivalents hearer, teacher , doer, etc. In many words, as biographer , geographer , philologer , philosopher , etc., there is no accompanying verb, the suffix, which is equally referable to -er2, being attached, cumulatively (first in philosopher ), to the original (Latin or Greek) term signifying an agent. (See -er2 .) In another use, also without reference to a verb, er , attached to names of towns or countries, signifies an inhabitant of or one who belongs to the town or country, as Londoner , New - Yorker , Hol lander, Eng lander, New - Eng lander , etc., like German Ber liner, Leipziger, Engländer , Holländer , etc. -er2. [ -iero , -ero = It. -iere, -ero, -arius (whence directly E. -aryl, -ari - an , as in anti quary, ally ary , antiquarian , n., justiciary , etc.) =-erl: see -er1.] er1 .] A suffix of Latin origin, denoting usually a person, and often an agent, but not, like -er1, usually a ociated with a verb. It appears in justicer , commi ioner, officer, prisoner, pension er , etc. In many words of more recent formation the suffix may be taken as either -erl or -er2. In some words, as chancellor, it has a umed the form of Latin -or . In words recently formed or taken from the French it appears as -ier or -eer. In many words it has become merged or is merge able with the English -er1. -er3. [ME. -er , with suffix of declension -ere, often with syncope -re , -er , -or in adverbs, but in adjectives always with suffix of declension, masc. -a, fem. and neut. -e, and reg. with syncope -r-a, -r- e ; = OS. -ir-o = D. -er = OHG. -ir-o, -ro, MHG. -ere, -er, G. -er = Icel. -r-i = Sw. -r- e Dan. -r-e = Goth. -iz-a, -ōz- a , fem. -iz-ei, -ōz-ei, neut. -iz-ō, -ōz- ō = L. m. f. -iör , neut. -ius ( -ior ) = Gr. m. f. -ίων ( -ιον- ), neut. -ίον = Skt. -iyas (nom. m. -īyān , f. -iyasi, n. -īyas ); a comparative suffix, of the orig. Indo-Eur. form * -ias . It appears as -es- in the superlative suffix -est1 , q. v.] A suffix of adjectives, forming the comparative degree, as in colder , deeper, greater, bigger , etc., and being cognate with the Latin comparative suffix -or, -ior , neuter -us, -ius , represented in English in major , minor, minus, prior, superior, inferior, etc. In le er, former, the suffix is cumulative. In better , worse, le (for irregular suffix, see etymology), the suffix is attached to a now non-existing positive. In upper , inner, outer, utter , etc., the positive is adverbial. See the words mentioned. -er4. [ -er - en , -er - ian (not common) = D. -er-en = G. -er-en, -er-n, etc.] A suffix of verbs, giving them a frequentative and sometimes a diminutive sense, as patter from pat , swagger from swag , flutter from float , sputter from spout , etc. It is equivalent to and cognate with the frequentative -le (that is, -el ), as in dialectal pattle = patter, scuttle from scud , etc. As a formative of new words it is scarcely used. erő. [OF. -er, -re, term. of nouns from inf., , inf. suffix of 1st, IMG:content-0668.png:[blocks in formation] is reckoned (first in Isid. Orig. 5, 36, in the 7th century), a particular of LL. a given number according to which a reckoning or calculation is to be made (occurring but once in this sense, and somewhat doubtful), this being a particular use of æra , an item of an account, a sing. formed from æra , pl., the items of an account, counters, pl. of æs , ore, bra , money: see as and orel . Some refer the LL. word to Goth. jer = E. year, q. v.] 1. A tale or count of years from a fixed epoch; a period au during which, in some part or parts of the world, years are numbered and dates are reckoned from a particular point of time in the past, generally determined by some historical event. See phrases below. The series of years counted from any civil epoch is termed an era or count of years. Thus, we speak of the era of the olympiads, of the foundation of Rome, etc. The practice of some historians of treating the terms epoch and era as synonymous is not advisable. Ideler , Handbook of Chronology (trans.). It is our purpose... to fix the epochs at which the eras respectively commenced. W. L. R. Cates, Encyc. Brit., V. 711. 2. A series of years having some distinctive historical character: as, the era of good feeling (see below).-3. Loosely, an epoch from which time is reckoned, or a point of time noted for some event or occurrence; an epoch in general: as, the era of Christ's appearance. - Armenian era, an era commencing A. D. 552, July 9th. - Byzantine era. Same as era of Constantinople. - Cæsarean era, one of several eras used in Syria, commencing from 49 to 47 B. C. -that is, between the battle of Pharsalia and the arrival of Cæsar in Syria. - Çāka or Saka era, an era much used in India, beginning A. D. 78. - Catonic era. See era of the foundation of Rome . - Chaldean era, an era era beginning in the autumn of 311 B. C., but identified by some chronologers with the era of the Seleucidæ. - Christian era. See vulgarer a . Common era. Same as vulgarer a . Era of Actium, an era dating from the battle of Actium, 31 B. C., September 3d. Era of Alexander, an era dating from the death of Alexander the Great, in May or June, 323 в. с. - Era of Alexandria, one of two eras used by early Chris tians in Alexandria. According to that which was used previous to the acce ion of Diocletian, that event (A. D 284) took place in the year 5787 of world; but soon afterward ten years were struck off from the count. Era of Antioch. (a) A Cæsarean era beginning 49 B. C., Sept. 1st. (b) A Cæsarean era beginning 48 B. C., Oct. 1st. (c) An era coinciding with the reformed era of Alexandria.- Era of August us, an era dating from the acce ion of C. OОсtavius to the title of August us, 27 B. C. Era of Christ. Same as vulgar era. Era of Constantinople, the era used in the Greek Church, according to which the beginning of the vulgar era fell in the year 5509 of the world. The civil year commences September 1st, but the ecclesiastical year in the spring. Also called Byzantine era.Era of contracts. Same as Seleucidan era . - Era of Diocletian, an era beginning A. D. 284, August 29th, being the beginning of the first Egyptian year after the acce ion of the emperor Diocletian. - Era of good feeling, in U. S. hist ., a period corresponding to the greater part of the administrations of James Monroe, or about 1817 to 1824, during which there was little party strife, Monroe being reëlected President in 1820 without opposition. - Era of kings. Same as Seleucidan era . - Era of martyrs, the Diocletian: so called because of the great persecutions during his reign. Era of Nabona ar, an important era in ancient astronomy, dating from 747 B. c., February 26th, at noon. - Era of the Cæsars. Same as Span ish era. Era of the foundation of Rome (abbreviation, A. U. C., representing the Latin anno urb is cond itæ, in the year of the building of the city), the era of ancient Rome, usually reckoned after Varro from 753 B. C. Other dates are those fixed by M. Porcius Cato (the Catonic era), 751 в. с.; Polybius, 750; and Fabius Pictor, 747. All these eras begin April 21st.-Era of the Incarnation. Same as vulgar era . Era of Tyre, an era reckoning from 126 B..C., October 19th.- Era of Varro. See era of the foun dation of Rome. - Era of Vikramaditya, an era much used in India, beginning 57 B. C.-Era of Yezdegird, an era beginning with the acce ion of Yezdegird III., A. D. 632, June 16th. -Gelalæan era. Same as Persian era. Jewish era, the era used in modern times by the Jews, dating from about 3760 B. C., and connected with their intricate calendar. - Julian era, an era dating from the reform of the calendar by Julius Cæsar, 45 B. C., January 1st. - Mohammedan era, the era in use among the Arabs, Turks, etc., dating from the hejira, A. D. 622, July 16th. The calendar is lunar. - Mundane era, an era beginning with the supposed epoch of the creation. Such are the Jewish and other eras. Bishop U her placed this event in the year 4004 в. с. - Olympiadic era, the epoch of the first Olympiad, 776 B. C., July 1st. - Persian era, an era having the same epoch as that of Yezdegird, but reckoning the years according to a complicated solar-lunar calendar. Also called Gelalean era . - Pharaonic era, a sup posed era attributed to the Egyptians under the Pharaohs.