Area, 2,044 square miles

Population (1891), 454,516. Norfolk. A seaport in Norfolk County, Vir ginia, situated on the Elizabeth River in lat. 36° 51′ N., long. 76° 17′ W. It is one of the largest cities in the State, and a naval station; and is an important center of trade, and the terminus of several steamer lines It was founded in 1705; was burned by the British in 1776; and was seized by the Confederates in 1861, but regained by the Federals in 1862. Population (1900), 46,624. Norfolk, Dukes of. See Howard. The Duke of Norfolk is earl marshal and hereditary marshal of Eng. land, and premier duke of England, ranking next after the princes of the blood. The dukedom was created in 1483. Norfolk, Earls of. See Bigod. Norfolk Broads. A group of lagoons in Nor folk, England, west of Yarmouth. Norfolk Island. An island in the South Pacific. belonging to Great Britain, situated east of Australia in lat. 29° 4′ S., long. 167° 58′ E. It was discovered by Cook in 1774; was formerly a penal settlement; and was colonized by the Pitcairn Islanders in 1856. Area, 131 square miles. Population (1896), 863. Noric Alps (nor'ik alps). [L. Alpes Noricæ .] In ancient geography, the mountainous region between the valley of the Drave on the south and that of the Danube on the north. Noricum (nor'i-kum). In ancient geography, a country of Europe, bounded by Germany (separated by the Danube) on the north, Pannonia on the east, Pannonia and the land of the Carni on the south, and Vindelicia and Rhætia (separated partly by the Inn) on the west. It corresponded mainly to Lower and Upper Austria south of the Danube, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, and parts of Tyrol and Bavaria. It was conquered by the Romans about 15 B. C., and made a Roman province. Norma (nor'mä). [L., 'the square.'] A small southern constellation, introduced by Lacaille in the middle of the 18th century, between Vulpes and Ara. It was at first called Norma et Regula, but the name is now abridged. Norma (nor'mä). An opera by Bellini, produced at Milan in 1831, at Paris in 1835. The li bretto was taken by Romani from a tragedy by Belmontet and Soumet, produced at Paris about 1830. "The main situation is copied from the 'Medea,' though compa ion prevails over the fire of jealousy, and the children's lives are Mahaffy , Hist. of Cla ical Greek Lit., I. 333. Norman (norman), Alfred Merle. Born Aug. 29, 1831. An English naturalist, honorary canon of Durham cathedral, and late rector of Houghton-le-Spring. He received the medal of the French Institute for his services in the exploration of the depths of the Bay of Biscay in Le Travailleur in 1880. A catalogue of his collections of the fauna of the North Atlantic is in course of publication under the title "Museum Normanianum." He is the author of a number of papers and memoirs, mostly on marine zoology, and is the editor and part author Bower bank's "Monograph of British Spougiade," Vol. IV. Norn (norn). [ON.] In Old Norse mythology, one of the Fates, whose decrees were irrevo- cable. They were represented as three maiden godde es (Urd (ON. Urdhr ), Verd and i (ON. Verd hand i ), and Skuld) who dwelt at the sacred well Urdharbrunn (ON. Urdhar- brunnr ), the judgment-place of the gods, at the foot of the tree Yggdrasil. There were numerous inferior Norns, every individual having one who determined his fate. Norna (nor'nä). A kind of sibyl, a character in Scott's novel "The Pirate." She was Ulla Norman Conquest in Italy. See the extract. In 1016 a band of adventurous Normans settled at Aversa, near Naples. About twenty years later the elder sons of the Norman Tancred de Hautville came and joined their countrymen. The Norman knights fought as adventurers in quarrels of the land, and, being angered at denial of their proper share of spoil after they had helped the Greeks to take Me ina and Syracuse from the Saracens, they turned on the Greeks themselves, and beat them out of nearly all Apulia, which they then divided into twelve, parts for twelve of their own counts. They made Malfi their capital, and chose William Iron-Arm, the eldest son of Tancred, for their chief. Pope Leo brought the Suabians against these Norman conquerors. They beat the Suabians and seized the Pope, who yielded them then his investment with all lands they might acquire: an investment which they religiously interpreted as Heaven's own encouragement to future conquests. Robert Guiscard, fourth son of Tan- cred, when it was his turn to rule, conquered his way as far south as Reggio, and became Duke of Apulia and Cala- bria. In 1059 he had that title ratified, when he acknow- ledged himself the Pope's va al, and was made the stan- Morley, English Writers, III. 157-158. und, History of the. Troil, called Norna of the Fitful Head. Norrbotten (nor'bot-ten). The northernmost and largest laen of Sweden. Area, 40,563 square miles. Population (1891), 106,642. Norris (nor'is), Henry. English actor, an excellent comedian. He was the original Don Lopez (in "The Wonder") and Scrub. He had an odd squeaking voice, and was called Jubilee Dicky from his succe ful impersonation of Dicky in "The Con- stant Couple." His sons announced themselves later as "the sons of Jubilee Dicky," appearing to derive profit from Norris, John. Born at Colling bourne-Kings- ton, Wilts hire, England, 1657: died at Bemer- ton, England, 1711. An English Platonist. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford (Exeter College), where he graduated in 1680. He published "An Idea of Happine " in 1653. The greater part of his poems ap- peared in 1684. In 1689 he published "Reason and Reli- gion." Locke's e ay, appearing in 1690, excited his oppo- sition, and in the "Cursory of Reflections" appeared the first published critique of the e ay. In 1692 Norris received the charge of Bemerton, formerly held by George Herbert. In 1697 he wrote "An Account of Reason and Faith," and in 1701 appeared the first volume of his chief work, "An E ay, Towards the Theory of the Ideal and Intelligible World." Norris, William Edward. Born at London, 1847. An English novelist. He was called to the bar in 1874, but has never practised. Among his novels are "Heaps of Money" (1877), "Mademoiselle de Mersac" (1880), "Matrimony" (1881), "No New Thing" (1883), "My Friend Jim" (1886), "A Bachelor's Blunder" (1886), "Ma- jor and Minor” (1887), "The Rogue” (1888), "The Counte Radna" (1893), etc. Norristown (nor'is-toun). The capital of Mont- gomery County, Pennsylvania, situated on the Schuylkill 16 miles northwest of Philadelphia. It has some manufactures. Population (1900), 22,265. Norrköping (nor'chė-ping). A city ity in the laen of Linköping, Sweden, situated on the Motala, at its junction with the Bravik, in lat. 58° 35' N., long. 16° 11′ E. It is one of the leading manu- facturing cities in Sweden, and has flourishing trade. On account of its manufactures of cotton goods it is sometimes called "the Swedish Manchester." It was burned by the Ru ians in 1719. Population (1891), 33,431. Norrland (nor'länd). The northernmost of the three chief historic divisions of Sweden, com- prising the laens Norrbotten, Wester bot ten, Jemtland, Westernorrland, and Gefleborg. Norse (nôrs). The language of the North-that is, of Norway, Iceland, etc. Specifically-(a) Old Norwegian, practically identified with Old Icelandic, and called especially Old Norse . Old Icelandic, generally called simply Icelandic except when distinguished from modern Icelandic, represents the ancient Scand in avian tongue. (b) Old Norwegian, as distinguished in some particulars from the language as developed in Iceland. (c) Modern Norsemen (nôrs'men). The natives of ancient Scand in a via; the North men. Norte (nor'tā), Rio del. [Sp., 'river of the North'; also Rio Grande del Norte and Rio Bravo del Norte.] A name of the Rio Grande, espe- cially in Mexico. North Adams (ad'amz). A city in Berks hire County, Ma achusetts, situated on the Hoosac River 33 miles east of Albany. It has boot and shoe and cotton and woolen manufactures. Population (1900), 24,200. Northallerton (north-al'èr-ton). A town in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England, 31 miles north-northwest of York. Near it was fought the battle of the Standard (see Standard ). Pop- ulation (1891), 3,802. ascended the English throne in 1066), and ending died Dec. 31, 1691. An English political eco no- with Stephen, who died in 1154. Normann-Neruda(nor'män-ner'ö-dä), Wilhel- mine. Born at Brünn, Moravia, March 21, 1840. A noted violinist. She married Ludwig Normann, a Swedish musician, in 1864. In 1888 she married Sir Charles Hallé. She has played much in England. Normans (nôr' manz). [L. Normanni ; from OF. Norman, Norm and, AS. North man, Icel. Northmadhr , North man.] The descendants of the North men or Scand in avians who settled in France under Rollo 911. See Normandy . They commenced the conquest of southern Italy about 1041, Robert Guiscard being recognized as duke of Apulia and Calabria by the Pope in 1059; they conquered Sicily under Roger Guiscard 1061-90. The Italian and Sicilian con- quests were in 1127 united under Roger, second count of mist, third son of Dudley North, fourth Baron North. He entered foreign trade, and spent several years in the Levant. He was forced upon the city of Lon- don as sheriff in the reign of Charles II., and after the revolution of 1688 was called to account for alleged uncon- stitutional proceedings in this office. His most imp or, tant work, a tract entitled "Discourses upon Trade, etc." (published 1691, republished 1856), anticipated many fea- North, Francis, Baron Guilford. Born Oct. 22, 1637: died Sept. 5, 1685. An English states- man, second son of Dudley North, fourth Baron North. He was educated at Cambridge (St. John's Col- lege), and was called to the bar in 1655. In 1675 he was made chief justice of the Common Pleas; in 1682 lord keeper of the great seal; and Baron Guilford in 1683. North Bierley (bi'er-li). A town in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 9 miles west of Leeds. Population (1891), 22,178. IMG:content-0847.png:[blocks in formation] Northeast Cape. See Tcheliuskin . Northeast Pa age. A pa age for ships along the northern coast of Europe and Asia to the Pacific Ocean. The first to make the complete voyage by this pa age was the Swedish explorer Nordenskjöld in 1878-79, after it had been from time to time attempted in vain for upward of three centuries. Northeim (nort'him). A town in the province of Hannover, Pru ia, situated on the Ruhme 48 miles south by east of Hannover. Popula- tion (1890), 6,695. Northern Athens. See Athens of the North . Northern Car, The. The constellation of the Great Bear, commonly known in England as Charles's Wain , and in the United States as the Great Dipper . See Ursa Major . Northern Crown. See Corona Borealis . Northern Hero dot us, The. Snorre Sturleson. Northern La , The, or A Nest of Fools. A comedy by R. Brome, printed in 1632. Northern Liberties. A former district, now in- cluded in the city of Philadelphia. Northern Territory. See North Australia . Northern Triangle. See Triangulum Boreale . Northern Virginia, Army of. The main Con- federate army in the East during the Civil War. Under General Lee it took part in the Peninsular campaign of 1862; in the Mana as, Antietam, and Fred ericks burg campaigns of 1862; in the Chancellorsville campaign of 1863; in the invasion of Pennsylvania and at Gettysburg in 1863; and in the defense of Richmond and Petersburg in 1864-65. It surrendered to Grant at Appomattox April 9, 1865. Northern War, The. A war between Sweden (under Charles XII.) on one side and Rus- sia (under Peter the Great), Denmark, Saxony, Poland, and finally Pru ia and Hannover on the other. It was begun in 1700, and was ended by trea- ties 1719-21, in which Sweden ceded Bremen and Verden to Hannover, Stettin and part of western Pomerania to Pru ia, and Livonia, Esthonia, Ingria, and part of Karelia to Ru ia, and lost the supremacy in northern Europe. North Uist (wist). An island of the Outer Heb- rides, Scotland, belonging to the county of In- verne . It is separated from Skye on the east by the Little Minch, and from Harris on the north by the Sound of Harris. Length, 18 miles. North umber land (nôr-thumʼbėr-land). [ME. North umber land , from * North umber (ML. North- umbria , in AS. a folk-name, Northhymbre , Northanhymbre , the people living north of the Humber) and land .] A maritime county, the northernmost of England. Chief town, New- castle. It is bounded by Scotland on the northwest (partly separated by the Cheviot Hills and the Tweed), the North Sea on the east, Durham on the south (partly acter in Fielding's "Tom Jones." North fleet (nôrth'flet). A village in Kent, Eng- land, situated on the Thames 19 miles east- southeast of London. Population (1891), 11,717. North Foreland. A cape on the coast of Kent, England, projecting into the North Sea in lat. 51°22′ N., long. 1° 27′ E.: the Roman Promon- torium Acantium. Near it, July 25, 1666, the English fleet under the Duke of Albemarle and Prince Rupert de- A constitution framed by Shaftesbury and Lock North and North Friesian (frēzian) Islands. A group of South Carolina were separated. The "Mecklenburg Dec. in 1789; seceded May 20, 1861; was the scene of various en- gagements and military operations in the Civil War, par- ticularly in connection with Burnside's expedition in 1862, the capture of Wilmington and other ports, and Sherman's march in 1865; and was readmitted to the Union in July, 1868. Area, 52,250 square miles. Population (1900), 1,893,810. North Conway (kon'wā). A summer resort in Conway, Carroll County, New Hampshire, situ- ated on the Saco 20 miles south-southeast of Mount Washington. North cote (north'kōt), James. Born at Ply- mouth, England, Oct. 22, 1746: died at London, July 13, 1831. An English historical and por- trait painter and author. In 1771 he entered the studio of Reynolds, and in 1777 went to Italy. He executed pictures for the Boydell Shakspere Gallery, and painted "The Death of Wat Tyler" for the city of London, now in the Guildhall. He wrote a life of Reynolds (1813), and a life of Titian (1830). low islands in the North Sea, west of Schleswig- Holstein, to which province they belong. It in cludes Sylt, Föhr, Pellworm, Nordstrand, etc. North Fries land (frēzʻland). The part of the province of Schleswig-Holstein, Pru ia, which comprises the North Friesian Islands and the op- posite western coast of the mainland. North German Confederation. [G. Nord- deutscher Bund . ] The German union formed after the di olution of the Germanic Confed- eration in 1866, under the presidency of Pru ia. It included all the German states north of the Main (ex- cept Luxemburg and Limburg) which had belonged to its predece or, and comprised also Schleswig and the prov- inces of Posen, East Pru ia, and West Pru ia. He e joined it for its part north of the Main. It was the model for the German Empire, which took its place in 1871. North Holland (holand), D. No or dholl and (nord-hol'länt). A province of the kingdom of the Netherlands. Chief city, Amsterdam. It is bounded by the North Sea on the west and north, the Zuyder Zee on the east, and Utrecht and South Holland on the south. The surface is level. Area, 1,070 square miles. North Holland Canal. A ship-canal connect ing Amsterdam with the Helder, opened in 1825. Length, about 50 miles. North Island. The northernmost island of New Zealand, separated from South Island on the southwest by Cook Strait. It is mountainous in the east and south. It was formerly called New Ulster. Area, foreign secretary 1886-87. He succeeded his father as baronet in 1851, and was created earl of Iddesleigh in 1885. He wrote "Twenty Years of Financial Policy" (1862). North Dakota (da-kō'tä). One of the North Central States of the United States of America. Capital, Bismarck. It is bounded by the Dominion of Canada on the north, Minnesota on the east, South Dakota on the south, and Montana on the west. Its surface is generally level and undulating. It is noted for the production of wheat. It has 39 counties, sends 2 senators and 2 representative to Congre , and has 4 electoral votes. 44,467 square miles. North men (north'men). The inhabitants of the north (that is, of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, etc.); the Scand in avians; in a restricted sense, the inhabitants of Norway. The North men were noted for their skill and daring on the sea, and for their expeditions against Great Britain and other parts of northern and western Europe from the 8th to the 11th century. They founded permanent settlements in some places, as the Orkneys, He brides, etc., and in northern France, where they were called Normans . (See Normans . ) According to the Icelandic sagas, a North man, Leif Eric. son, visited the shores of Nova Scotia about 1000 A. D. Danish earls till the period of the Norman conquest. The northern portion was çeded to Scotland about 1000. North umber land House. One of the chief his- torical houses of London, situated on the Strand, on the southeast side of Trafalgar Square. It was built in the beginning of the 17th century, and was bought and removed in 1873-74 by the Metropolitan Board of Works to make room for North umber land Avenue, which runs from the Thames Embankment to Charing Cro . North umber land Strait. A sea pa age in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, separating Prince Edward Island from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Nor thumb ria. See North umber land , Kingdom of. Northward Ho! A comedy by Thomas Dekker and John Webster, written about 1605, printed 1607. IMG:content-0848.png:[ocr errors] Northwest Pa age, The one of practical utility, being merely the solution of a scientific problem. The honor is sometimes claimed for Sir John Franklin. Northwest Provinces, or Northwestern Prov inces. A lieutenant-governorship of British India, surrounded by Tibet, Nepal, Oudh, Ben gal, Central Provinces, Panjab, and native states. Capital, Allah a bad. It belongs to the Gangetic basin, is noted for its production of wheat, and contains many famous cities. It was acquired by the British at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. It was prominent in the Indian mutiny in 1857-58. Oudh was united to it in administration in 1877. Area, with Oudh, 107,503 square miles. Population (1891), 46,905,085. Northwest Territories. The territories of British America which lie to the northwest of the older part of Canada. The name is now used with a political, rather than a geographical, signification to include the districts of Alberta, A in i boi a, Athabasca, Franklin, Keewatin, Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, and Ungava, which are united under a lieutenant-governor and a legislative a embly. Yukon received a separate government in 1898. Northwest Territory. A territory formed by ordinance of Congre in 187, comprising the present Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, cons in, and Minnesota east of the Mi i ippi. Slavery was prohibited in it. North wich (north wich). A town in Cheshire, England, situated at the junctio junction of the Weaver and Dane, 21 miles southeast of Liverpool. It is noted for salt-mines. Population (1891), 14,914. Norton (nôr'ton), Andrews. Born at Hingham, Ma ., Dec. 31, 1786: died at Newport, R. I., Sept. 18, 1853. An American Unitarian theologian, profe or at Harvard 1819-30. His works include "A Statement of the Reasons for not believing the Doctrines of the Trinitarians" (1833), etc. Norton, Mrs. (Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Sheridan), afterward Lady Stirling-Maxwell. Born 1808: died June 15, 1877. An English poet and novelist. She was one of "the three graces," daughters of Thomas Sheridan. She published "The Dandies' Rout" (illustrated by herself at the age of 13), and the poems "The Sorrows of Rosalie, etc." (1829) and "The Undying One" (1830). She also wrote " A Voice from the Factories" (1836), "The Lady of La Garaye" (1862: a poem), "Lost and Saved" (1863), "Old Sir Douglas" (1867), etc. She married in 1827 the Hon. George Chapple Norton (who died in 1875), and in 1877 Sir W. Stirling. Maxwell. Norton, Charles Eliot. Born at Cambridge, Ma ., Nov. 16, 1827. An American author, son of Andrews Norton. He graduated at Harvard in 1846, and was editor, with James Ru ell Lowell, of the "North American Review" 1864-68. He was profe or of the history of art at Harvard University 1874-98. Among his works are "The New Life of Dante: an E ay, with translations" (1858), "Notes of Travel and Study in Italy" (1859), "List of the Principal Books relating to Michael Angelo" (1879), "Historical Studies of Church Building in the Middle Ages" (1880). He translated Dante's "Divina Com media" (1892), and edited James Ru ell Lowell's letters in 1893, etc. Norton, Thomas. Born at London, 1532: died at Sharpen hoe, Bedford shire, 1584. An English lawyer, translator, and author. He wrote (with Sackville) the first English tragedy, "Gorboduc, or Ferrex and Porrex" (which see). He published a "Translation of Calvin's Institutes" (1561), and translated many of the psalms in the Psalter of Stern hold and Hopkins (1561), etc. Norton Sound. An inlet of Bering Sea, on the western coast of Alaska. Norumbega (nō-rum-bēgä). A region on the Atlantic coast of North America, frequently mentioned in maps and writings of the 16th and 17th centuries. It was placed between Cape Breton and Florida, or narrowed to the northern part of that region, or more definitely placed within the present State of Maine. Various English and French explorers made journeys to Norumbega. It is disputed whether the name is of Indian, Norse, or Spanish origin. The river of Norumbega has been often identified with the Penobscot. Profe or Horsford identified the lost city of Norumbega with Water town, Ma achusetts. Norval (nôrval), Young. In Home's play "Douglas," the son of Lady Randolph by a previous marriage with Douglas. His birth was concealed, and he was brought up as a "the frugal swain, who found hier killed by Lord IMG:content-0849.png:[ocr errors] Randolph, who discovers too late that he is the son of Lady Randolph. The latter kills herself in despair. The part was a favorite one with John Kemble and others, and Mac ready played it to Mrs. Siddons's Lady Randolph. Norwalk (nor'wak). A township in Fairfield County, Connecticut, situated on Long Island Sound 30 miles southwest of New Haven. It has manufactures of hats, etc. It was settled about 1640, and was burned by the He ians under Tryon in 1779. Population (including South Norwalk) (1900), 19,932. Norwalk. The capital of Huron County, northern Ohio, 51 miles west-southwest of Cleveland. Population (1900), 7,074. Norway (nor' wā). [ME. Norway , Norwey , AS. Norwæg, earlier Northweg , Icel. Noregr , very rarely Norvegr , Norw. Dan. and Sw. Norge , G. Norwegen, F. Norvège , ML. Norregia , North wagia , etc., lit. 'north way.' The first element IMG:content-0850.png:[blocks in formation] Nor , and to the Icel. nōr , a sea loch.] The northernmost country of Europe. Capital, Christiania. It is bounded by the Arctic Ocean on the north, Ru ia and Sweden on the east, the Skager Rack on the south, and the North Sea and the Atlantic and Arctic oc west. It forms the western part of the Scand in avian pe. ninsula, comprising also many islands. The coast-line is deeply indented by fiords. The country is traversed by mountains (Scand in avian Mountains, Dovre Fjeld, Jotun Fjelde, etc.), and the surface is generally elevated and mountainous. Among the leading industries are fisheries and lumber manufacture and trade. There are mines of silver, copper, iron, and nickel. The kingdom is divided into 20 amts (or provinces). The government is a limited hereditary monarchy. It is under the same sover eign with Sweden, with which it is united in foreign and diplomatic relations, but otherwise it is independent. The king and a ministry form the executive, and the legislative power is vested in the Storthing (or parliament), consisting of an upper and a lower house. The language is Norwegian. The established religion is Luther an. Norway furnished a large part of the North men. The king. dom was consolidated under Harold the Fair-haired in the last part of the 9th century. Christianity was introduced at the end of the 10th century. The three Scandi navian kingdoms were united from the union of Kalmar and united to Sweden in 1814. Recent events are the constitutional struggles against the veto power of the king, and the agitation for independent consular representation abroad. Area, 124,445 square miles. Population (1900), 2,239,880. Norwegian (nor-we jian). The Scand in avian language of Norway. Old Norwegian is preserved in runic inscriptions from the end of the Viking age in the 11th century, and in literature from the end of the 12th century. At the time of the Reformation, Danish became the language of literature, a condition which prevails at the present time. Dano-Norwegian is, however, characteristically differentiated in pronunciation and vocabulary, and the old popular dialects have never died out. Norwegian Sea (nôr-wē ́jian sē). A name given in recent geography to that part of the North Atlantic Ocean which lies between Norway and Green land. Norwich (nor'ij). [ME. Norwich , AS. Northwic , north town.] The capital of Norfolk, England, and itself a county, situated on the Wensam in lat. 52° 38′ N., long. 1° 17′ E.: the British CaerGwent, and the Gwenta of the Iceni. It has manufactures of mustard, starch, beer, iron, textiles, etc. The cathedral begun in 1006, is said to preserve its Norman plan with le alteration than any other English cathedral. The nave was completed in 1140, the clearstory of the choir was rebuilt in the 14th century, and the vaulting dates from the 15th, at which time the west front was modified and the tall slender spire rebuilt. The exterior is surrounded by a picturesque arcade of small arches and columns, above the lowest range of windows. In the interior the simple nave is Norman, except the Perpendicular windows and the vaulting. The choir is shut off from the nave by a solid screen surmounted by a tall organ, more disastrous as an obstruction to the view than the inclosure of the "coro" of a Spanish cathedral. The choir terminates in a polygonal chevet, the only example of this form in an English church of the first rank. The triforium-gallery is notably wide and high. The dimensions of the cat he. dral are 407 by 78 feet; length of transepts, 178; height of vaulting-nave 70, choir 834; height of spire, 315 feet. The Decorated cloister is large and beautiful, and the episcopal palace is in large part of the 14th century. The Church of St. Peter, Mancroft, the castle, and St. Andrew's Hall are also noteworthy. Norwich was a British and a Roman town; was burned by Sweyn; became the seat of the bishopric of East Anglia in 1094; received a colony Flemish weavers in the 14th century; and became an important center for cloth manufactures. It was one of the leading towns in England in the 17th century. It returns 2 members to Parliament. Population (1901), 111,728. of Norwich (nor'wich). A city, one of the capitals of New London County, Connecticut, situated at the head of the Thames, 13 miles north of New London. It has an important trade, and manufactures of paper, cotton and woolen goods, metal-work, etc., and is the terminus of a line of steamers to New York. It was settled in 1659, and incorporated as a city in 1784. Population (1900), 17,251. Norwich. A village, the capital of Chenango County, New York, situated on Chenango River 49 miles southeast of Syracuse. Population (1900), 5,766. Norwich Festival. A musical festival held triennially at Norwich, England: established in 1824. Norwood (nor'wud). A suburb of London, sit uated in Surrey 6 miles south of St. Paul's. Norwood. A northeastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. Norwood, or Village Life in New England. A novel by Henry Ward Beecher, published in 1867. Noskowski (nos-kof'skē), Sigismund. Born at Warsaw, May 2, 1846. A Polish composer. He invented a system of notation for the use of the blind. No i-Bé (nōs-se-bā'). An island north of Madagascar, belonging to France, situated in lat. 13° 23′ S., long. 48° 16′ E. Capital, Hellville. The inhabitants are mostly Sakalavas. It was ceded to France in 1840. Length, 14 miles. Population, 7,803, No strad am us (nos-tra-dā'mus) (Michel de Not red a me or Nostredame). Born at St.-Remy, France, Dec. 14, 1503: died at Salon, near Aix, France, July 2, 1566. A French astrologer and physician, noted as the author of a book of prophecies entitled "Centuries" (1555), which has been the subject of much controversy. It was condemned by the papal court in 1781. Notables, A embly of. In French history, a council of prominent persons from the three cla es of the state, convoked by the king on extraordinary occasions. The institution can be traced to the reign of Charles V. (14th century), but the two most famous a emblies were those of 1787 and 1788, summoned by Louis XVI. in view of the impending crisis. Notæ Tironianæ (nō'tē ti-rō-ni-ā'nē). Tiro's marks.'] Ancient shorthand abbreviations: so named on the supposition that Tiro, Cicero's freedman and pupil, invented the art. An extensive collection under the title "Notæ Tironis et Senecæ" has been published. [L., Notch, The, or Crawford Notch (kra ford noch). A deep, narrow valley in the White Mountains, New Hampshire, southwest of Mount Washington, between Mount Webster and Mount Willey. Notitia Dignitatum (no-tish'i-ä dig-ni-tatum). [L., 'list of dignities.'] See the extract. Its full title is, "Notitia dignitatum omnium, tam civilium quam militarium, in part i bus Orient is et Occident is." There can be little doubt that it was compiled in the first years of the fifth century, probably about the time of Alaric's first invasion of Italy. It is a complete Official Directory and Army List of the whole Roman Empire, and is of incalculable value for the decision of all sorts of questions, antiquarian and historical. For instance, the whole theory of the identification of the existing ruins with the former stations along the line of Hadrian's British Wall depends entirely on the mention in the Notitia of the names of the cohorts posted at those stations.