The profligate pretenses

are mentioned with becoming reprobation. Among other agents whose approbation or reprobation are contemplated by the savage as consequences of his conduct, are the spirits of his ancestors. H. Spencer , Prin. of Psychol., § 520. The labourers and labouring cattle, therefore, employed in agriculture, not only occasion, like the workmen in reproduction manufactures, the reproduction of a value equal to their own consumption, or to the capital which employs them, together with its owners' profits, but of a much greater value. Adam Smith , Wealth of Nations, ii. 2. 2. The act or proce of restoring parts of an organism that have been destroyed or removed. The question of the Reproduction of Lost Parts is interesting from several points of view in biology. Mind, IX. 415. Specifically-3. The proce whereby new individuals are generated and the perpetuation of the species is insured; the proce whereby new organisms are produced from those already existing: as, the reproduction of plants or animals. (a) The reproduction of plants is effected either vegetatively or by means of spores or of seeds. Vegetative reproduction consists in the individualizing of some part of the parent organism. In low unicellular plants this is simply a proce of fi ion, one cell dividing into two or more, much as in the formation of ti ue, save that the new cells become independent. In higher plants this method obtains by the shooting and rooting of some fraction of the organism, as a branch, a joint of a rootstock, in Begonia even a part of a leaf; or through specially modified shoots or buds, as the gemmæ of some algæ, mo es, etc., the bulblets of some mo es, ferns, the tiger-lily, etc., the corms, bulbs, tubers of annual college and thermodern simply those of the ordinary ti ues. Very many, but not all, plants propagate in this manner; but all are capable of reproduction in other methods included under the term spore - reproduction , which is reproduction most properly icmplished in properly ductive cells, each of which is capable of developing into an individual plant. These are produced either indepen dently, or through the conjunction of two separate cells by which their protoplasm coalesces. These may also in a le perfect sense be called reproductive cells. Reproduction through the union of two cells is sexual; through an independent cell, asexual. Sexual reproduction proceeds either by conjugation (that is, the union of two cells apparently just alike, which may be either common vegetative cells or specialized in form) or by fertilization, in which a smaller but more active sperm-cell or male cell impregnates a larger, le active germ-cell or female cell. In cryptogamous plants both methods are common, and the reproductive cells are termed spores , or when of the two sexes gametes , the male being distinguished as anthero zoids , the female as oöspheres . In flowering plants spore reproduction is always sexual, fertilization becoming pollination, the embryo-sac in the ovule affording the female cell and the pollen-grain the male cell. But the union of these cells produces, instead of a detachable spore, an embryo or plantlet, which, often accompanied by a store of nutriment, is inclosed within an integument, the whole forming a seed. The production of seeds instead of spores is the most fundamental distinction of phanerogams. Spore-reproduction is consummated by the germination of the spore or seed, which often takes place after a considerable interval. (b) Among the lowest animals, in which no sex is recognizable, reproduction takes place in various ways, which correspond to those above described for the lowest plants. (See conjugation , fi ion , gemmation , and sporulation .) Among sexed animals, reproduction results from the fecundation of an ovum by spermatozoa, with or without sexual copulation, and with many modi fications of the details of the proce . (See genesis , 2, and words there given.) Many animals are hermaphrodite, containing both sexes in one individual, and maturing the opposite sexual elements either simultaneously or succe ively: such are self-impregnating or reciprocally thesis of reproduction, the name given by Kant to that a ociation of ideas by which one calls up another in the mind. reproductive (rē-pro-duk'tiv), a . [= F. repro- duct if Pg. reproductivo , * reproductivus , reproducere , reproduce: see reproduce .] Of the nature of, pertaining to, or employed in reproduction; tending to reproduce: as, the re- productive organs of an animal. These trees had very great reproductive power, since they produced numerous seeds, not singly or a few together, as in modern yews, but in long spikes or catkins bearing many seeds. Rembrandt