A comedy by Mrs

Cent livre, pro Mans (mon), Le. The capital of the department of Sarthe, France, situated on the Sarthe in lat. 48°1′ N., long. 0° 11′ E.: the ancient Vindinum or Suindinum. It has a trade in poultry and manufactures of linen, sail-cloth, etc. The cathedral has a ma ive round-arched 12th-century nave, and a very fine, light 13thcentury choir, 5-aisled, having 12 radiating chapels, beautiful tracery, and a world-famous display of medieval gla . The Church of Notre Dame de la Couture, the ancient abbey buildings (containing the prefecture, museum, and library), and the Museum of Historical Monuments are also of interest. Le Mans was the capital of the ancient Aulerci Cenomani, and the capital of Maine; was the birth place of Henry II. of England; and was many times besieged, especially by Henry IV. in 1589. Here, Dec., 1793, the French republicans under Marceau defeated the Vendeans under La Rochejacquelin; and here, Jan. 10 and 12, 1871, the Germans under Prince Frederick Charles defeated the French army of the Loire under Chanzy. Population (1901), 62,948. Mansart, or Mansard (mon-sär'), François. Born at Paris, Jan. 23, 1598: died there, Sept. 23, 1666. A noted French architect. He revived the use of "Mansard" roofs about 1650: they had been employed about 100 years before by Lescot, but Mansart's name was now given to them. He built the churches of Sainte-Marie de Chaillot, the Minimes de la Place Royale, the Visitation de Sainte-Marie in the Rue Saint-Antoine, etc., and numerous chateaus: that known as the Château de Maisons-sur-Seine is the most famous. Mansart, Jules Hardouin. Born at Paris, April 16, 1645: died at Versailles, May 11, 1708. A celebrated French architect, nephew of François Mansart. He built the Château de Clagny for the residence of Madame de Monte span, and was so much of the courtier as to gain not only an enormous fortune but the notice of the king, who heaped honors upon him. He directed all the principal architectural works of Louis XIV., including the building of the palace of Versailles, the Maison de Saint-Cyr, the Grand Trianon, the dome of the Hôtel des In vali des (perhaps his greatest work), the Place Vendôme, the Place des Victoires, etc. Mansel (man's el), Henry Longueville. Born at Cosgrove, North amp tons hire, Oct. 6, 1820: died at Cosgrove Hall, July 30, 1871. An English metaphysician. He matriculated at St. John's College, Oxford, June 11, 1839; was ordained in 1845; was appointed Bampton lecturer in 1858; and in 1868 was made dean of St. Paul's. In metaphysics he was a follower of Sir William Hamilton, and developed the latter's theory of "the conditioned." Among his works are "Phrontisterion, or Oxford in the Nineteenth Century," an imitation of Aris toph anes (1850), "The Limits of Demonstrative Science Considered" (1853), "On the Philosophy of Kant" (1856), the article on metaphysics in the eighth edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica" (1857), "Bampton Lectures" (1858), etc. Mansel, or Maunsel (mân's el), John. Died at Florence, Jan., 1265. An English military ecclesiastic, keeper of the seal and counselor of Henry III. He was brought up at court, and on Nov. 8, 1246, received the custody of the privy seal. He was one of Henry's chief advisers. He held at one time 300 benefices, with a rental of 18,000 marks. In the struggle with the barons in 1262 he fled to France, and his holdings were taken from him. Man of Mode, The, or Sir Fopling Flutter. Mansfeld (mäns'felt). 1. A former county of A comedy by Étherege (1676). of Lord George Manners-Sutton, and grandson Man of Ro , The. See Kyrle , John. of John, third duke of Rutland. He was educated Man of Sedan, The. Napoleon III. at the Charter house and at Cambridge; was rector of Man of Steel, The. An epithet (L. Adaman- Averham-with-Kelham in Nottingham shire in 1785; was bishop of Norwich in 1791; and was archbishop of Canter bury in 1805. Mannheim (män him). The northern admin istrative district of Baden. Mannheim, or Manheim. A city of Baden, situated at the junction of the Neckar with the Rhine, in lat. 49° 29′ N., long. 8° 28′ E. It is very regularly built; is the chief commercial center of the upper Rhine; has trade in grain, tobacco, coffee, petroleum, etc.; and has manufactures of cigars, machinery, mirrors, etc. The river, harbor, and docks are extensive. The chief building is the grand-ducal castle (with antiquarian collections and picture-gallery). There is a noted theater. Mannheim was founded in 1606; was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, and by the French in 1688; became the capital of the Palatinate in 1720; was bombarded and taken by the French in 1794; and was ceded to Baden in 1803. Population (1900), commune, 140,384. Manning (man'ing), Daniel. Born at Albany, NY., Aug., 1831: died at Albany, Dec. 24, 1887. tius ) given to Origen on account of his strength and tirele industry. Man of the People, The. A name given to Charles James Fox on account of a satire by George Colman the younger. Man of the World, The. 1. A novel by Mackenzie, published in 1773.-2. A comedy by Macklin, first played in 1781. Manon Lescaut (mä-nôn' les-kō'). A romance written by the Abbé Prévost, published in 1733, appended to "Memoirs of a Man of Quality." But he [Prévost] would have been long forgotten had it not been for an episode or postscript of the "Mémoires" entitled "Manon Lescaut," in which all competent criticism recognises the first masterpiece of French literature which can properly be called a novel. Manon is a young girl with whom the Chevalier des Grieux, almost as young as herself, falls frantically in love. The pair fly to Paris, and the novel is occupied with the description of Manon's Germany, which lay west of the Saale, and is now in the government district of Merseburg, Pru ian Saxony. It fell in 1780, on the extinction of the reigning house, partly to Pru ia and partly to Saxony. Since the Napoleonic period it has belonged entirely to Pru ia. 2. A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, 38 miles south of Magdeburg, capital of the former county of Mansfeld. Luther lived here in his early youth. Population (1895), 2,775. Mansfeld, Count Ernst von. Born 1580: died near Zará, Dalmatia, Nov. 29, 1626. A celebrated German general, natural son of Count P. E. von Mansfeld. He was educated by his god. father Ernest, archduke of Austria, and distinguished himself as a soldier in the Spanish and in the imperial service. In 1610 he embraced the Reformed faith, and entered the service of the Protestant Union. In 1618, when the head of the union, the elector palatine Frederick V., was ele vated to the throne by the Protestant estates in Bohemia, he became commander-in-chief in that country. After the disastrous battle on the White Hill (which see), at which he was not present, he maintained a brilliant but unequal contest against the Imperialists in Germany. He was defeated by Wal lens tein at De au, April 25, 1626. Mansfeld, Count Peter Ernst von Mansfeld, Count Peter Ernst von. Born July 10, 1517: died May 22, 1604. A German general. He served under the emperor Charles V. and under his son Philip II. of Spain; was for a time governor of Luxemburg; and in 1592 succeeded the Duke of Parma as governor-general of the Netherlands, a post which he held two years. Mans field (manz'fēld). Atown in Nottingham shire, England, 15 miles north of Nottingham. Population (1891), 15,925. Mans field. A city, capital of Rich land County, Ohio, 64 miles north-northeast of Columbus. It is a railway and industrial center. Population (1900), 17,640. Mans field, Charles Blachford. Born at Royner, Hampshire, May 8, 1819: died at London, Feb. 26, 1855. An English chemist and traveler. He discovered the method of extracting benzol from coal-tar, and thus laid the foundation for the aniline industry. In 1850 he traveled in Brazil and Paraguay. He died from the effects of an explosion of naphtha while preparing benzol. He wrote "Aerial Navigation" (1850), and "Letters from Brazil and Paraguay" (posthumous). Mans field, Earls of. See Murray , David , and Murray , William . Mans field, Joseph King Fenno. Born at New Haven, Conn., Dec. 22, 1803: died Sept. 18, 1862. An American general. He commanded at Washington 1861, and was mortally wounded at Antietam 1862. Mans field, Mount. The most noted summit of the Green Mountains, Vermont, 20 miles east of Burlington. It was long considered to be the highest of the range. Height, 4,070 feet. Mans field, Richard. Born in Helgoland, in 1857. A German-American actor. He has obtained succe in America both as tragedian and comedian. Mans field College. A college founded at Oxford in 1886, especially for members of non-established churches. Students must be graduates in arts of some recognized university. Mans field Park. A novel by Jane Austen, written in 1796, published in 1814. Man sill a man selvä), Lucio. Born at Buenos Ayres, 1792: died 1871. An Argentine general, brother-in-law of the dictator Rosas. In 1845 he was commander-in-chief of the army under Rosas, and was defeated at Punta de Obligado by the combined British and French fleet, Nov. 20. Mansilla de Garcia (män-sēl'yä dā gär-thēʼä), Eduarda (née Mansilla). IMG:content-0742.png:[ocr errors] Ayres, 1838. An Argentine novelist. In 1855 she married Manuel Garcia, a diplomatist. She has published several novels of Argentine customs and historical episodes, including "El Medico de San Luis," "Lucia Miranda," and "Pablo, ó la vid a en las pampas": the last was translated into French. Mansion House, The. The official residence of the lord mayor of London, situated + mile east of St. Paul's. It was begun in 1739. The front has a fine hexastyle Corinthian pedimented portico. The suite of state apartments contains some excellent modern statues and paintings. Manso de Velasco (män'sō dā vā-läs kō), José Antonio, Count of Super und a. Born in Biscay about 1695: died after 1762. A Spanish soldier and administrator. He served in the War of Succe ion; was captain-general of Chile 1735-45; and viceroy of Peru July 12, 1745,-Oct. 12, 1761. His administration in the latter country was longer than that of any other viceroy, and was distinguished for excellence. The great earthquake which destroyed Lima and Callao, Oct. 28, 1746, occurred during his rule. Manson (man's on), George. Born at Edinburgh, Dec. 3, 1850: died in Devons hire, England, Feb. 27, 1876. A Scottish painter in water-colors. Mansos (män'sōs). [Sp., from man so , tame.] A tribe of semi-nomadic aborigines, from the banks of the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, who were Christian i zed by Fray Garcia de San Francisco, a Francis can, in the first half of the 17th century, and in 1659 were transferred to the present site of El Paso del Norte in northern Chihuahua. There are still a few families dwelling at the latter place, but they have adopted the mode of life and customs of the northern Mexicans. Some of the older men, however, still preserve the language of the tribe and many of the primitive rites and religious practices. Mansur. See Al - Mansur . Mansurah (män-söʻrä). Atown in Lower Egypt, situated on the Damietta branch of the Nile, 50 miles west by south of Port Said. Near it, in 1250, Louis IX. of France was defeated by the Egyptians. Population (1897), 36,131. Mant (mant), Richard. Born at Southampton, England, Feb. 12, 1776: died at Bally money, Ireland, Nov. 2,1848. An English author, bishop of Down, Connor, and Dromore in Ireland. He was joint author with D'Oyly of an "Annotated Bible" (1814), and published a "History of the Church of Ireland" (1840), etc. Mantalini (man-ta-lē'ne). The husband of Madame Mantalini in Dickens's "Nicholas Nickle by," a feeble-minded, elegant person. Mantchuria. See Manchuria . Mantegna (män-tan'yä), Andrea. Born near Padua, Italy, 1431: died at Mantua, Italy, Sept. 13, 1506. A celebrated Italian historical painter and engraver. Among his works are "The Triumph of Cæsar" (Hampton Court), "Madonna dell a Vittoria" (Louvre), "Christ in the Garden" (Baring collection), "St. George" (Venice Academy), "The Dead Christ" (Brera, Milan), "Parna us," "The Man of Sorrows Sorrows" (Copenhagen), "The Crucifixion" n" and "Adoration of the Magi" (New York Historical Society), "St. Sebastian" (Vienna Museum), "Summer and Autumn," "Samson and Delilah," "Triumph of Scipio" (National Gallery, London), etc. Mantell (man tel), Gideon Algernon. Born at Lewes, Su ex, 1790: died at London, Nov. 10, 1852. An English geologist. He was the son of a shoemaker, and was apprenticed to James Moore, a surgeon, at Lewes, with whom he later entered into partnership. His collection of fo ils was sold to the British Museum. Among his works are "Fo ils of the South Downs" (1822), "The Geology of the Southeast of England" (1833), "Geological Excursions round the Isle of Wight and along the Adjacent Coast of Dor sets hire" (1847), etc. He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1825. Mantes (mont). A town in the department of Seine-et-Oise, France, situated on the Seine 35 miles west-northwest of Paris. Its church of Notre Dame, of the end of the 12th century, is interesting as a reduced reproduction (including the west front with its galleries, rose, and twin square towers) of Notre Dame in Paris. Population (1891), 7,032. Manteuffel (män to if-fel), Baron Karl Rochus Edwin von. Born at Dresden, Feb. 24, 1809: died at Karlsbad, Bohemia, June 17, 1885. A Pru ian field-marshal. He became chief of the military cabinet in 1857; served in the Danish war 1864; was governor of Schleswig 1865-66; as commander of the Main army defeated the South Germans at Hochhausen and elsewhere in 1866; commanded the 1st army corps at Colombey-Nouilly Aug. 14, 1870, and Noi eville Aug. 31Sept. 1; as commander in the north defeated the French at Amiens 1870; commanded the army of the south in 1871, and the army of occupation in France 1871-73; and was appointed governor of Alsace-Lorraine in 1879. Manutius, Paulus and from him the first Manu. This Manu Svayambhuva is a sort of secondary creator. He produced ten Prajapatis, 'lords of creatures,' and these again seven other Manus. Of these the seventh, Manu Vaivasvata, 'the sunborn,' is the Manu of the present period, and is regarded as the progenitor of the present race of beings. He has been compared to Noah, from various legends of his preservation from a deluge by Vishnu, or by Brahma, in the form of a fish. He was the founder and first king of Ayodhya, afterward reigned over by Ikshvaku, his son, founder of the solar race. Manu Vaivasvata's daughter Ila married Budha, son of Soma, 'the moon,' and ancestor of the lunar race. To Manu Vaivasvata are ascribed the so-called "Laws of Manu" and a work on Vedic ritual. Upon the first seven are to follow seven other Manus. Manu, Laws of. Until recently, the desig nation commonly employed for the Man ava dharma shastra, which native tradition regarded as the law-book of Manu (see Manu ) , but which the scholars of to-day view as the law-book of the Manavans. The works constituting the Veda in its broader sense fall into the three cla es of Sanhita, Brahman a, and Sutra, or text, exposition, and brief rule. Chief among the last are the Kalpa sutras, or 'ceremony rules,' many important families having each its distinct Kalpa sutra. This Kalpa sutra was divided into Shrautasutra, 'rules for the fire sacrifices'; Grhyasutra, 'domestic usages'; and Dharma sutra, 'sacred law.' The Sutras are in mingled prose and verse; the Dharma shastras are a later metrical recast in the ordinary epic meter of antecedent Dharma sutras; and the Man ava dharma shastra is such a recast of a Man ava dharma sutra, or is the lawbook of the Manavans. Out of clannish differences grew various Car an as, or 'schools,' in which Vedic traditions were handed down. The Manavans were a school of the Black Yajurveda. Of the Maitrayaniya branch of the schools of the Black Yajurveda there are still some survivors in western India who call their Sutras Man ava sutras. The occasion of the recast was the development beside the sectarian schools, which studied exclusively a single branch of the Veda - of non-sectarian schools, whose teachings claimed validity for all Aryans. These compiled from the only locally valid sectarian Sutras a school-book intended to be systematic, complete, and generally valid, and the Manavan Dharma sutra was chosen as its basis from the greatne of the name of the legendary Manu. Lübben, Pru ia, Feb. 3, 1805: died near Gol en, Pru ia, Nov. 26, 1882. A Pru ian reac tionary politic i 1850, and prime minister 1850-58. ary politician, minister of the interior 1848– tative name to commend their work. Perhaps one half of the present work consists, however, of additions to the original, drawn from popular metrical maxims, and made, as Bühler thinks, at the date of the recast, which he considers to be between 100 B. C. and the 2d century A. D. (For a general account of the character and contents, see Wil ā'nus). An ancient name of Lake Urumiah. Mantinea (man-ti-nē'ä), or Mantineia (-ni'ä). [Gr. Μαντίνεια.] In ancient geography, a city in Arcadia, Greece, situated southwest of Corinth. It was the scene of several battles: in 418 B. C. the Spartans defeated the A then i ans and Argives; in 362 B. C. the The bans under Epa min on das defeated the Spar- tans and allies; and in 207 or 206 в. с. Philopœmen, gen- eral of the Achæan League, defeated the Spartans. Mantinino (män-tē-nē'nō). An island reported to Columbus, 1492-93, by the Indians of Haiti. He understood them to say that it was inhabited by Ama- The name was a corruption of the Carib Ma- zon women. dinina , corresponding to the modern Martin i que. Manton (man'ton), Joseph. Born about 1766: died at Maida Hill, June 29, 1835. An English gunsmith. He patented many improvements in large and small arms, and was a principal mover in the intro duction of the percu ion system. Mantua (man tu-a). A province in Lombardy, Italy. Area, 912 square miles. Population (1891), 307,768. Mantua, It. Mantova (män'tō-vä). The capital of the province of Mantua, Italy, situated on an island in the Mincio, in lat. 45° 9′ N., long. 10° 47′ E. It is a strong fortre . The chief objects of interest are the Church of San Andrea, cathedral, ducal palace, museum of antiquities, and Palazzo del Tè (with works by Giulio Romano). It is noted in art history for its connection with Mantegna and Romano, and has an academy of sciences and arts. It was the home of Vergil, who was born in the neighborhood. It was a Guelph town; was ruled by the Gonzaga family; and was capital ; besieged by the French under Bonaparte in ists in 1630; of the duchy of Mantua. It was sacked by the Imperial 1796-97, and taken in 1797; and held by the French under the Napoleonic régime but restored to Austria in 1814. It was one of the fortre es of the Austrian "Quadri estimated, 30,000. lateral." In 1866 it was ceded to Italy. Population (1891), Mantua, Duchy of. A former Italian marquisate and duchy. The territory was ruled by the family of Gonzaga from about 1328 to 1708, and by Austria 1708-97; belonged to the Cisalpine Republic, kingdom of Italy, etc., 1797-1814; pa ed to Austria in 1814; and was ceded to Italy in 1859 and 1866. Mantuan (man'tū-an) Bard, or Mantuan Swan. A surname of Vergil as a native of Mantua. Mantuan War. A war for the succe ion to supported by France, was confirmed as duke in opposition the duchy of Mantua, 1628-30. The Duke of Nevers, to the Imperialist candidate. Manu (ma'nö). In Sanskrit, man; man collectively; mankind; the Demiurge; one of a cla of fourteen demiurgic beings, each of whom presides over a Man van tara, 'interval or period of a Manu.' The first in order of these is called Svayambhuva, as sprung from Svayambhu, the self-existent, with Brahma, who divided himself into two persons, male and female, whence was produced Viraj, see Lanman's "Sanskrit Reader" (Boston: Ginn and Co.), p. 340, from which the above view is taken.) It was first translated from the original by Sir William Jones. The most recent translations, accompanied by valuable intro vol. xxv.) and Burnell (Trübner). Manuel (man'ū-el). A tragedy by Charles Robert Maturin, produced at Drury Lane March 8, 1817, with Kean in the title rôle. Manuel I. Comnenus. Born about 1120: died Sept. 24, 1180. Byzantine emperor 1143-80, son of the emperor Calo-Joannes. He permitted the Crusaders, under Conrad III., emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and Louis VII. of France, to pa through his dominions in 1147, and in 1148 repelled an invasion of Greece by the Normans under Roger, king of Sicily. was totally defeated by the Turks at Myriocephalus in 1176. He Manuel II. Palæologus. Died 1425. Byzantine emperor 1391-1425, son of John VII. Being besieged in Constantinople by the sultan Bajazet, he implored the aid of western Europe, and an army composed of the chivalry of France, Germany, and Hungary came to a istance, was totally defeated Nicopolis in 1396. Bajazet was, however, compelled to raise the siege in 1402 in order to meet the Tatar con queror Timur, by whom he was defeated and captured at Angora. Manuel pa ed the subsequent years of his reign in peace, though in a state of semi-dependence on Mohammed, the son of Bajazet. Manuel (mä-nö-el'), Don Juan. Born 1282: died 1347. A Spanish statesman and writer, of the royal house of Castile and Leon. His best known work is the "Conde Lucanor," a collection of fifty tales in the Oriental style. Manuel (mä-nö-el'), E. The nom de plume of Ernest L'Épine, a French writer, who is not to be confounded with Eugène Manuel, the author of "Pages In times," etc. Manuel (mä-nö-el'), Nikolaus. Born at Bern, Switzerland, about 1484: died at Bern, 1530. A Swi painter and poet. Manutius (ma-nū'shius), Aldus, It. Aldo Manuzio (äl'dō mä-nöt'sē-ō) or Manucci. Born at Ba i a no, near Velletri, Italy, about 1450: died at Venice, Feb. 3, 1515. An Italian cla ical scholar and celebrated printer, the founder of the Aldine pre at Venice about 1490. He published editions of Aristotle, Aris toph anes, Hero dot us, DeItalian works. mosthenes, Plato, and other Greek cla ics, and Latin and Manutius, Aldus, "The Younger." Born at Venice, Feb. 13, 1547: died at Rome, Oct. 28, 1597. An Italian printer and cla ical scholar, son of Paulus Manutius. Manutius, Paulus. Born at Venice, June 12, 1511: died there, April 6, 1574. An Italian cla ical scholar, author, and noted printer, son of Aldus Manutius. Man with Pinks Man with Pinks. A noted painting by Jan van Eyck, in the Old Museum at Berlin. It is a bust portrait of a man wearing a fur-lined cloak and a high fur cap, and holding white pinks in one hand and red in the other. Man with the Iron Mask, The. A French state prisoner, confined in the Bastille (where he died 1973 Perl and other prisons in the reign of Louis XIV. His name was never mentioned, but he was buried under that of March i ali, and he always wore a mask of iron covered with black velvet. He has been supposed to be (1) the Duke of Ver man do is, a natural son of Louis XIV. and Mademoiselle de la Vallière; (2) an elder brother of Louis XIV., the son of Anne of Austria and the Duke of Bucking ham; (3) a twin brother of Louis XIV.; (4) Count Matthioli, a minister of the Duke of Mantua, imprisoned for treachery; (5) a soldier of fortune named Marechiel, the head of a conspiracy to a a inate the king and his ministers. This last conjecture was considered the most reasonable until 1891, when Captain Bazeriès, of the garrison of Nantes, published in the "Progrès de Nantes" (republished in "Le Temps," Aug. 7, 1891) a translation of some cipher despatches of Louis XIV. and of Louvois, apparently showing that the prisoner was Général de Bulonde, who raised the siege of Cuneo unnece arily and compromised the succe of the campaign. Louis shut him up at Pignerol for reasons of his own, in. stead of dooming him to the fate of a traitor, which was his due. Opinions still differ as to the identity of the prisoner. Manx (mangks). The native language of the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, which belongs to the Gadhelic branch of the Celtic tongues, and is thus closely allied to the Irish and the Gaelic. Manzanares (män-thä-nä'res). A small tributary of the river Jarama, in Spain. Madrid is situated on it. Manzanares. A town in the province of Ciudad Real, Spain, situated on the Azuer in lat. 39° N., long. 3° 27′ W. Population (1887), 9,699. Manzanillo (män-thä-nēl'yō). A seaport on the southern coast of Cuba. It has a trade in coffee, sugar, and fruit. Population (1899), 14,464. Manzano (män-zä'nō), El. [Sp. manzana , apple.] A settlement of recent origin in central New Mexico, east of the Rio Grande. It lies on the eastern border of well-known and extensive deposits of rock-salt. Manzoni (män-zō'nē), A le andro. Born at Milan, March 7, 1785: died at Milan, May 22, 1873. A noted Italian novelist and poet, the chief of the Italian romantic school. He went in his early youth to Paris with his mother, who was a daughter of the Marquis Beccaria, and who introduced him to literary society. He became acquainted with Volney, Madame Condor cet, Fauriel, and others, and became imbued with many of their deistical and other opinions. In 1807 he returned to Italy, and was made a member of the Italian senate in 1860. He wrote the historical novel "I Prome i Sposi" (1825-27: translated into English as "The Betrothed Lovers"). Among his other works are the tragedies "Il Conte di Carmagnola" (1820), "Adelchi" (1823), the lyric poem "Il cinque Maggio" ("The 5th of May, an ode on Napoleon's death, 1821), "Inni sacri" (1810: sacred lyrics), "O ervazioni sulla morale cattolica" (a vindication of Catholic morality), "Storia dell a Colonna infame" (a historical treatise, 1842). Maoris (mä'ō-riz or mou'riz). [From maori , lit. 'native, 'indigenous.'] The primitive in habitants of New Zealand, a Polynesian race of the Malay family, distinguished for their natural capacity and vigor. Most of them now profe Christianity, but they have vigorously though unsucce fully resisted English dominion. The Maoris, when first discovered by Europe ans, were in a comparatively advanced stage of barbarism. Their society had definite ranks, from that of the Rangatira, the chief with a long pedigree, to the slave. Their religious hymns, of great antiquity, have been collected and translated by Grey, Taylor, Bastian, and others. Lang , Myth, etc., II. 27. Map (map), or Mapes (maps), Walter. Born probably about 1140: died about 1210. A medieval author and satirist. He was of a Welsh family in Here ford shire, and studied in Paris from about 1154 to 1160. He was present at the court of Henry II., while Thomas Becket was still chancellor, as one of the clerks of the royal household, and was employed as an itinerant justice. In 1179 Henry II. sent him to the Later an Council at Rome. In 1197 he was made archdeacon of Oxford. The only undoubted work extant by Map is the "De nugis curialium" ("Courtiers' Triflings"), composed between 1182 and 1192. He has also been credited with a large share in the composition of the Arthur i an romances, and it is prob able that the "Lance lot" is based on an Anglo-French poem by him. A great part of the "Goliardic" or satiri cal verse of the 12th and 13th centuries is doubtle by Map. Mapimi (mä-pē'mē), Bolson de. [Origin of name unknown. A section of the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Coahuila in northern Mexico, parts of which are quite arid and low, while others are very fertile and well watered. Mapures. See May pures . Maquet (mä-kā'), Auguste. Born at Paris, Sept. 13, 1813: died at Saint-Méen, Jan. 8, 1888. A French novelist and dramatist, collaborator IMG:content-0743.png:[blocks in formation] Maqui. See Tusayan . Maqui rit a res tribe of Venezuela of the ritares (mä-kē-rē-täʼres). An Indian Venezuela, on the Ventuari, a branch upper Orinoco, ranging at times, it is said, as far east as the confines of British Gui. ana. They are of Carib stock, have rarely had any intercourse with the whites, and still retain their savage independence. Though living in regular villages and having small plantations, they are much given to wandering. The tribal relations are very loose. Mar (mär). A district of Aberdeen shire, Scotland, forming the southern part of the county. The Earls of Mar derive their title from it. Mar, Juan Manuel del. Born at Cuzco, 1806: died at Lima, June 15, 1862. A Peruvian states man. He was minister of war under Castilla 1855-60, and in 1859 was temporarily in charge of the executive. In 1860 he was elected first vice-president under the new constitution. Mara (mä'rä), Madame (Gertrud Elisabeth Schmeling). Born at Ca el, Germany, Feb. 23, 1749: died at Revel, Ru ia, Jan. 20, 1833. A noted German soprano singer. She studied with Hiller at Leipsic, and about 1771 made her début at Dresden, where she had immediate succe and was made court singer. In 1784 she went to London, where she sang to enthusiastic audiences. She was connected with the opera in London till 1791, but was better suited for concerts and oratorios on account of her weak physique and lack of knowledge of acting. After singing in Paris, Vienna, and the German cities with succe , she lost her voice in 1802 or thereabouts, and supported herself by teaching. She married Mara the violoncellist about 1771. Marabouts (mar'a-böts). [Also Maraboot .] The members of a Moorish priestly order or race of northern Africa, succe ors of the Morabits or Almoravides, a Mohammedan sect or tribe who ruled Morocco and part of Spain in the 11th and 12th centuries. The Marabouts are reputed as saints, prophets, and sorcerers, and exercise great influence over the Berbers and Moslem negroes. Maracaibo, or Maracaybo (mä-rä-ki'bō). A seaport in Venezuela, situated on the outlet of Lake Maracaibo about lat. 10° 48′ N., long. 71° 45' W. It is an important commercial city, exporting coffee, hides, cocoa, etc.; is the seat of a national college; and was formerly the seat of a Jesuit college. It was founded in 1571. Population (1888), 34,284. Maracaibo, Gulf of, or Gulf of Venezuela. An arm of the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela. Length, about 150 miles. Maracaibo, Lake. A large lake or lagoon in northern Venezuela, communicating with the Gulf of Maracaibo. The water is brackish. Length, about 110 miles. Maragha (märä-gä). A town in the province of Azerbaijan, Persia, 60 miles south of Tabriz. Population, about 15,000. Maraguas. See Marauas . Marah (ma'ra). In Old Testament history, a place in the peninsula of Sinai, southeast of Suez, containing a spring noted for its bitter ne . Marahuas. See Marauas . Marais (mä-rā'), Le. [F., 'the marsh.'] In the politics of the first French Revolution, the group of members who sat in the lower part of the a embly. Marais, Le. 1. The name especially applied to the region lying east of the Rue St.-Denis and north of the Rue St.-Antoine, within the fortifications of Charles V. in Paris. It was subject to inundation. A large part of it was held in the middle ages by the Knights of the Temple. 2. A swampy region in the western part of France, near La Rochelle. In ancient times it was an arm of the sea. Marajó (mä-rä-zhō'): formerly also Joannes (zhō-än'nās). An island between the estuaries of the Amazon and the Pará, belonging to the state of Pará, Brazil. Length, 165 miles. Great est width, about 100 miles. Marandaise. The sword of Ryance. Maranhão, or Maranham (mä-rän-yän'). A state of Brazil, bounded by the Atlantic on the north, Piauhy on the east and southeast, Goyaz on the southwest and west, and Pará on the west and northwest. Area, 177,566 square miles. Population, estimated (1894), 550,000. Maranhão, or Maranham, or São Luiz do Maranhão (sän lö-ēzh' dō mä-rän-yän'). A seaport, capital of the state of Maranhão, situated on the island São Luiz in lat. 2° 32′ S., long. 44° 18' W. It exports hides, cotton, sugar, rice, etc. Maranhão was founded by the French in 1612, but was taken by the Portuguese three years after. Population Maranhão, State of. [Pg. Estado do Maranhão . ] A colonial division of Portuguese South America. In 1621 Portuguese America was divided into two (1890), 38,000. all from Ceará northward. Ceará was subsequently sep. arated from it, and the remaining portion was divided into various captaincies, eventually reduced to four which correspond to the modern states, Piauhy, Maranhão, Pará, and Rio Negro (now Amazon as). The colonial state was suppre ed in 1774. Maranon (ma-ran-yone [Probably corrupted from the Tupi par aná , the sea, a name given by the Indians to this and other great rivers.] A Spanish-American name for the Amazon. It is used especially in Peru, and geographers have adopted the term, somewhat vaguely, to indicate the upper or Peru. vian portion of the river. Marañones (mä-rän-yō'nes). [Lit. 'conspirators': from the Spanish maraña , a plot.] The name adopted by the followers of Aguirre. (See Aguirre .) It has been erroneously supposed that the word Marañon was derived from it. Marash (mä-räsh'). A town in the vilayet of Aleppo, Asiatic Turkey, situated near the Jihun 100 miles north by west of Aleppo. In ancient times it was probably a city of the Hittites. Numerous inscriptions have been found there. Population, estimated, 15,000, Marat (mä-rä'), Jean Paul. Born at Boudry, Switzerland, May 24, 1744: a a inated at Paris, July 13, 1793. A French revolutionist. He studied medicine at Bordeaux; practised his profe ion with conspicuous succe at London and at Paris; and wrote a number of meritorious scientific works, chiefly on electricity and optics. At the beginning of the Revolu. tion in 1789 he began to publish a paper entitled "L'Ami du Peuple," in which he boldly advocated a republican form of government and incited the populace to violence. He was in 1792 elected to the National Convention, in which, as the most ultra-revolutionary of the Jacobin party, he was attacked by the Girondists, who were in a majority. He was tried before the Revolutionary tribunal, but was acquitted April 24, 1793, and with Danton and Robes pierre overthrew the Girondists June 2, 1793. He was stabbed to death by Charlotte Corday while in his bath seeking relief from a skin-disease. Maratea (mä-rä-tā'ä). A small seaport in the province of Potenza, Italy, situated on the Gulf of Policastro in lat. 39° 59′ N., long. 15° 43′ Ε. Marathon (mar'a-thon). [Gr. Μαραθών .] Α plain in Attica, Greece, 18 miles northeast of Athens, between Mount Pen telic us and the sea. It is celebrated for the battle of Sept., 490 B. C., between the Greeks (10,000 A then i ans and 1,000 Platæans), under Miltiades, and over 100,000 Persians, under Datis and Artaphernes. The result was a Greek victory, due to the tactics of Miltiades. The Greek lo was 192; the Persian, 6,400. The victory ended Darius's attempt against Greece, and is cla ed among the decisive battles of the world. The conical mound, 40 feet high and 200 in diameter, which covers the A then i an dead marks the central point of the famous battle. All doubt as to its identification was set at rest by a recent excavation of the Archæological Society of Athens, which disclosed ashes, charred remnants of the funeral pyre, and fragments of pottery of the beginning of the 5th century B. C. Marâtre (mä-rä'tr), La. A play by Balzac, produced at the Théâtre Hist or i que, Paris, in June, 1848. Maratti (mä-rät'tē), or Maratta (mä-rät'tä), Carlo. Born near Ancona, Italy, 1625: died at Rome, Dec. 15, 1713. An Italian painter of Madonnas and other religious subjects. Marauas (mä-rä-wäs'). A tribe or horde of Indians of Brazil and Peru, on the south side of the Amazon, about the rivers Juruá, Jutahy, and Javary. They are said to be closely allied in language and customs to the Mayo run as (which see). Formerly, according to report, they were cannibals. Most of the Marauas have submitted to the whites, and the mi ions (now villages) of Fonte Boa and Caiçára were formed by them. The remnants in the forests still retain their savage customs. Also written Marahuas , Maraguas . Marbach (mär bäch). A small town in Neckar circle, Würtemberg, situated at the junction of the Murr with the Neckar, 12 miles north by east of Stuttgart: the birthplace of Schiller. Marbella (mär-bel'yä). A seaport in the province of Malaga, Spain, 30 miles west-southwest of Malaga. There are rich iron-mines in the vicinity. Population (1887), 8,811. Marble Cañon, The. A noted cañon of the Colorado River, in northern Arizona, above the Grand Cañon. Marble Faun, The. A romance by Hawthorne, published in 1860. The English edition, published in the same year, is called "Transformation, or the Romance of Monte Beni." See Donatello . The sole idea of the "Marble Faun" is to illustrate the intellectually and morally awakening power of a sudden impulsive sin, committed by a simple, joyous, instinctive, "natural" man. in. The whole group of characters is imagined solely with a view to the development of this idea. R. H. Hutton , E ays in Lit. Crit. Marble head (mär'bl-hed). A seaport and summer resort in E ex County, Ma achusetts, situated on Ma achusetts Bay 15 miles northeast of Boston. It has manufactures of boots and shoes; was formerly one of the chief towns of the State; and is noted for its fisheries. The original settlers were largely from the Channel Islands. Population (1900), 7,582 Marburg (märʼbörg). A town in the province of He e-Na au, Pru ia, situated on the Lahn 49 miles north of Frankfort-on-the-Main. It has manufactures of pottery, etc. The chief buildings are the Church of St. Elizabeth (13th century) and the castle (noted for its Ritters aal (1280-1320) and chapel). The university, founded by Philip, landgrave of He e, has from 800 to 900 students, and a library of 150,000 volumes. Marburg was the residence of St. Elizabeth in the 13th century, became one of the capitals of He e, and was the scene of outbreaks of the He ian peasants against the French in 1806 and 1809. Population (1890), 13,581. Marburg. A town in Styria, Austria-Hungary, situated on the Drave 36 miles south by east of Gratz. It is in the center of a fruit region. Population (1890), 19,898. Marburg Conference. A fruitle conference held at Marburg, Pru ia, Oct., 1529, between Luther and others on one side and Zwingli and other Swi reformers on the other. in spite of the author's total want of solid information, judgment, and accuracy. Teuffel and Schwabe, Hist. of Rom. Lit. (tr. by Warr), [II. 328. March (märch). [From L. Martius , the month of Mars.] The third month of our year, con- sisting of thirty-one days. It was the first month calendar, which was followed by the Greg or i an. Previous to the latter it was reckoned the first month in many Eu- rope an countries, and so continued in England until 1752, the legal year there before that date beginning on the 25th of March. March (märch), Slav. Morava (mō-rä'vä). A river in Moravia, and on the boundary between Hungary on the east and Moravia and Lower Austria on the west: the Roman Marus. It joins the Danube 6 miles west of Presburg. Length, 220 miles; navigable to Göding. March (märch). A town in Cambridge shire, England, situated on the Nen 24 miles north of Cambridge. Population (1891), 6,995. March, Ausias or August in. Born at Valen- cia toward the end of the 14th century: died about 1460. A noted Spanish poet, of noble rank, seignior of Beniarjo and a member of the Cortés of Valencia in 1446. "He has been called the Petrarch of Catalonia, and is said to have equalled the lover of Laura in elegance, in brilliancy of expre ion, and in harmony; and while, like him, he contributed to the formation of his language, which he carried to a high degree of polish and perfection, he po e ed more real feeling, and did not suffer himself to be seduced by a pas- sion for concetti and false brilliancy." Sismondi , Lit. of South of Europe, I. 172. March, Earls of. See Mortimer . March, Francis Andrew. Born at Millbury, Ma ., Oct. 25, 1825. An American philologist, especially noted as an Anglo-Saxon scholar. He became profe or of the English language and compara- tive philology at Lafayette College (Easton, Penn sylva- nia) in 1858. Among his works are "Method of Philolo- gical Study of the English Language" (1865), "Comparative Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Language" (1870), an "Anglo- Saxon Reader" (1871), etc. Marche (märsh). An ancient government of Mar cell in us. A count of Illyria, and one of the first ministers of Just in i an, living in the first half of the 6th century: author of a chronicle of the events from the acce ion of Theodosius to the year 534 (continued by a later hand to 566). It is much fuller for the affairs of the East than for those of the West. Mar cell in us, Ammianus. See Ammianus . Marcello (mär-chel'lo), Benedetto. Born at Venice, July 31 (?), 1686: died at Brescia, Italy, July 24, 1739. A noted Italian composer. His most important work is the musical setting of 50 of the Mar cell us (mär-sel'us). [L., dim. of Marcus .] An illustrious Roman plebeian family of the Claudia gens. Mar cell us. An officer of the guard in Shak- spere's "Hamlet." Mar cell us I. Bishop of Rome 307-309 A. D. Mar cell us II. Pope 1555. Mar cell us, Marcus Claudius. Born before 268 в. с.: slain near Venusia, Apulia, 208 в. с. A celebrated Roman general and statesman. He was five times consul (first in 222); defeated the Gauls, during his first consulship, at Clastidium, slaying with his own hand their leader, Britomartus; defended Nola against matter (cap. 13-20), and it is invaluable to us on account of its numerous quotations from early Roman literature, Mar cio nites (mär's hi on-its). The followers of Marcion of Sinope, a Gnostic religious teacher of the 2d century, and the founder at Rome of the Marcionite sect, which lasted until the 7th century or later. Marcion taught that there were three primal forces: the good God, first revealed by Jesus Christ; evil matter, ruled by the devil; and the Demiurge, the finite and imperfect God of the Jews. He rejected the Old Testament, denied the incarnation and resurrection, and admitted only a gospel akin to or altered from that of St. Luke and ten of St. Paul's epistles as inspired and au- thoritative. He repeated baptism thrice, excluded wine from the eucharist, inculcated an extreme asceticism, and allowed women to minister. Marck (märk), William de la. Died 1485. A historical character in Scott's novel "Quentin Durward," nicknamed the "Boar of Ardennes” on account of his resemblance to the animal both in looks and in disposition. Marcke (märk), Émile van. Born at Sèvres, Aug. 20, 1827: died at Hyères in 1891. A noted French landscape and animal-painter, pupil of Troyon. Many of his works are in America. Marcomanni (mär-kō-man'nī). [L. (Cæsar) Marcomanni , Gr. (Ptolemy) Μαρκομανοί .] Á German tribe, a branch of the Suevi, first men- tioned by Cæsar as in the army of Ariovistus. In the campaigns of Drusus they were on the middle and up- per Main, but under their king Maroboduus they moved eastward into Bohemia, and were later further to the south in the Danube region, between the Lech and the Inn. In the 2d century they were signally defeated by Marcus Au- relius in the so-called Marcomannic war. They were in frequent conflict with the Romans down to the 4th cen- tury, when the name disappeared. Marconi (mär-kōnē), Guglielmo. Born at Bologna, Italy, April 25, 1874. An Italian elec- the perfecter of a system of wirele telegraphy. He studied at Bologna, Fl ence, and Leghorn, and for short periods at Bedford and Rugby, England. His experiments in wirele telegraphy were begun in 1895, and in March, 1899, he succeeded in sending me ages acro the English Channel between Dover and Boulogne. on the north, Bourbonnais on the northeast, Auvergne the east, Limous in on the south, and Poitou and Angou- mois on the west, and corresponds generally to the modern department of Creuse and part of Haute-Vienne. It be- came a countship in the 10th century, and was a fief united permanently to France in the middle of the 16th century. Marche. A small town in Belgium, 27 miles Marco Polo See Polo Marchen a (mär-chā'nä). A town in the prov- ince of Seville, Spain, 32 miles east of Seville. Population (1887), 14,752. Marches (märch'ez), It. Marche (märke). A compart i men to of Italy, lying along the Adri- atic Sea east of Umbria. It comprises the provinces Pesaro-ed-Urbino, Ancona, Macer at a, and Ascoli Piceno. Marches. The border regions of England and Wales. Marchesi (mär-kā ́sē), Pompeo. Born at Sal- trio, near Milan, Aug. 7, 1789: died at Milan, Feb. 7, 1858. An Italian sculptor. His best-known work is "The Good Mother" (in Milan). Marchfeld (märch'felt). A plain in Lower Austria, near Vienna, between the Danube and the March. Here, July 13, 1260, Ottocar, king of Bohemia, defeated Béla IV. of Hungary; and in the neigh- borhood, Aug. 26, 1278, Rudolf of Hapsburg defeated Ot- tocar. It also contains the battle-fields of Aspern and Wagram. Marchi (märkē), Giuseppe Filippo Liber at i. Born at Rome about 1735: died at London, April 2, 1808. An Italian painter and engraver. He came to England in 1752, studied in St. Martin's Lane Academy, and was Sir Joshua Reynolds's chief a istant. He practised mezzotint engraving, and from 1766 to 1775 exhibited engravings with the Society of Artists. town in the province of Hainaut, Belgium, situ- ated on the Sambre 31 miles south of Bru els. Population (1890), 22,308. Marchione , The. A little servant in the "Old Curiosity Shop," by Dickens: so nicknamed by Dick Swiveller. Marcian. See Marc i an us . Marc i an a (mär-chäʼnä). A small town in the island of Elba, Italy. The discovery of the Marcian codex of the Iliad at Ven- ice, by Villoison, and the publication of its text and scho- lia (Venice, 1778), known as Schol. Ven. A, form an epoch in the history of Homeric studies. It is from these notes that we derive all our information about the several old The text is also furnished with the critical marks of Aris- tarchus and his pupils, which are explained in a prefatory Mahally, Hist. of Cla ical Greek Lit., I. 41. note. Marc i an us (mär-shi-ā'nus), or Marcian (mär'- shi-an). Born about 391: died 457. Emperor of the East 450-457. He was raised to the throne by Pulcheria, widow of the emperor Theodosius the younger, whom he married at her own request, and is represented Marcos de Obregon (Vida del Escudero). A Spanish romance by Vicente Espinel (1618). Le Sage was said by Voltaire to have based his "Gil Blas" on it, but this is an exaggeration. Marcou (mär-kö'), Jules. Born at Salins, France, April 20, 1824: died at Cambridge, Ma ., April 17, 1898. A French geologist. He explored various points on Lake Superior with Aga iz in 1848, and afterward many other portions of the United States both alone and with government expeditions. Among his works are "Geological Map of the United States" (1853), "Geology of North America" (1858), "Carte géologique de la terre" (1862), "Recherches géologiques sur le Jura salinois" (1846), "Lias et Trias, ou le nouveau grès rouge en Europe, etc." (1859), "Lettres sur les roches du Jura" (1860), "De la science en France" (1869). Marcq-en-Barœul (märk'on-bä-rėly'). in the department of Nord, France, near Lille. Population (1891), commune, 9,752. Marcus (märkus). Bishop of Rome 336 A. D. Marcus Aurelius Ant on in us (märkus a-rē'- li-us an-tō-nī'nus), originally Marcus Annius Verus, commonly known as Marcus Aurelius. Born at Rome, April 20, 121 A. D.: died in Pan- nonia, March 17, 180. A celebrated Roman emperor 161-180. He was the son of Annius Verus, and was a nephew of Ant on in us Pius, by whom he was adopted in 138, and whom he succeeded as emperor in 161, with Lucius Verus, also an adopted son of Ant on in us Pius, as his a ociate in the government. He was a pupil of the Stoic Cornel i us Fronto, and is frequently called "the philosopher" on account of his devotion to philosophy and literature. In 162 Verus undertook an expedition against the Parthians, but soon abandoned himself to dis- glia, between Brescia and Bergamo, Italy, about 1560: died at Rome, Aug. 22, 1599. A noted Italian musician, best known from his books of madrigals. Mareotis (mā-rē-ō'tis). [Gr. Μαρεῶτις.] In an- cient geography, a lake in Lower Egypt, south and east of Alexandria: the modern Birket-el- Mariût. Maret (mä-rā'), Hugues Bernard, Duke of Bas- sano. Born at Dijon, March 1, 1763: died at Paris, May 13, 1839. A French publicist, diplo- Years of Army Life on the Border" (1866), and "Border Reminiscences" (1872). Marcy, William Learned. Born at South- bridge, Ma ., Dec. 12, 1786: died at Ballston Spa, N. Y., July 4, 1857. An American states- was united with the "Moniteur." He was amba ador to England in 1792, and was sent as amba ador to Naples in 1793, but was arrested by the Austrians and imprisoned for nearly three years in Brünn. He was a confidential agent of Napoleon, and conducted his official correspondence. In 1811 he became minister of foreign affairs. Exiled at the restoration, he returned and became a peer in 1831. Marfak (mär'fak). [Ar.al - mirfaq , the elbow.] A name given to the two stars 0 and μ Ca io- peiæ, of the fourth and fifth magnitudes respec- tively, situated in the queen's right elbow. Marfik (mär'fik). [Ar. al - mirfaq , the elbow.] The fourth-magnitude binary star 2 Ophiuchi. Marforio (mär-fo'ri-ō). An ancient statue of a river-god (thought to be of Mars), now in the Capitoline Museum at Rome. See Pasquin . goulême . Margarelon. A character in Shakspere's "Troi- lus and Cre ida": a bastard son of Priam, king of Troy. He appears also in Lydgate's "Book of Troy." Margaret (mär'ga-ret), Saint. [Gr. μαργαρίτης , a pearl; It. Marg her it a , Sp. Margarita , Pg. Mar- garida , F. Marguerite .] Born between 1038 and 1057: died at Edinburgh, Nov. 16, 1093. Queen of Scotland, daughter of Edward, son of Edmund Ironside, and sister of Edgar Æthe ling. She married Malcolm III. of Scotland about 1067. Margaret. Born at Windsor, Oct. 5, 1240: died at Cupar Castle, Feb. 27, 1275. Queen of Scot- land, eldest daughter and second child of Henry III. of England and his queen, Eleanor of Pro- vence. At the age of two she was betrothed to Alexander, son of Alexander II. of Scotland, and afterward Alexander III. After the death of Alexander II. they were married at York (Dec. 26, 1251). in Norway, rway, 1283: died at sea, 1290. Queen of Scotland, daughter of Eric of Norway, and granddaughter of Alexander III. of Scotland whom she succeeded in 1285. Her death was fol- lowed by the contests of the families of Bruce and Baliol for the throne. Margaret. Born about 1282: died Feb. 14, 1318. Second wife of Edward I., youngest daughter of Philip III. and sister of Philip IV. At the peace of Montreuil in 1299 she was betrothed to Edward I. of England, then a widower, and they were married at Can- terbury Sept. 9, 1299. She was never crowned queen. Margaret. Born 1353: died Oct. 28, 1412. Daughter of Waldemar IV. of Denmark, and queen of Denmark (1387), Sweden (1388), and Norway (1388). She resigned the throne of Sweden in 1397. The Union of Kalmar was con- cluded in 1397. Marenco (mä-reng'kō), Carlo. Born at Ca olo, Piedmont, May 1, 1800: died at Savona, Italy, Sept. 20, 1843. An Italian tragic poet. Among his tragedies are "Pia de' Tolomei," "Corso Donati," "Arnaldo da Brescia," etc. Marengo (mä-reng'gō). A village about 3 miles southeast of A le and ria, Italy. It is celebrated for the battle of June 14, 1800, which completed Napoleon's Italy. There were two bat- Margaret. Anovel by Sylvester Judd, published in 1845. It has been called "the New England cla ic." An edition was published with illustrations in outline by F. O. C. Darley. Margaret of Angoulême, or of Valois, or of Alençon, or of Navarre. Born at Angoulême, France, April, 1492: died in Bigorre, France, 1549. Queen of Navarre, daughter of Charles of Orléans (duc d'Angoulême) and sister of Francis I. of France. She married (1509) the Duc d'Alençon, and later Henri d'Albret, king of Navarre. After the death of the king in 1544, she a umed the direction of the toward government Protestant ism, to but time later she abandoned was favorably it. She disi ed is es- pecially famous as a patrone of literature and as the author of the "Hep tamer on" (which see). A number of her poems were published (1547) by Sylvius de la Haye under ce es, the etc." title Her "Marguerites letters were de published la marguerite 1841-42. des prin- 26,080. Margaret of Anjou. Born probably at Pont-à- Mou on or Nancy, France, March 23, 1430: died at Dam pierre, near Saumur, Aug. 25, 1482. Queen consort of Henry VI. of England. She was the daughter of René of Anjou and Isabella of Lor- raine, and was married to Henry VI. at Titch field Abbey, April 22, 1445. The marriage was brought about by Wil- liam de la Pole, earl (afterward duke) of Suffolk, in con- firm at i on of a truce with France, and was extremely un- war (the Hundred Years' War). Margaret, after her mar- riage, supported the peace policy of Suffolk and afterward of the Duke of Somerset. In August, 1453, Henry was seized with his first attack of insanity, and in the following October the queen gave birth to her only son, Edward. Α contest for the regency ensued between her and the Duke IMG:content-0744.png:[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][ocr errors] Margites jack-of-all-trades, half milksop half coxcomb." It was considered by Aristotle as the first germ of comedy. Jebb.