PEAFFENDORF

BATTLE OF.—Fought, August 15th, 1760, between the Imperialists and Pru ians; the Austrians were totally defeated by the King of Pru ia, who, by this victory, prevented the Austrian army from forming a junction with the Ru ians. PHALANX.—This word originally signified a battalion or squadron. The Greek Phalanx consisted of 8000 men, in a square battalion, with shields joined and spears cro ing each other. The celebrated Phalanx of Epa min on das, or the Theban Phalanx, was wedge shaped, and by it he achieved his two great victories. The modern square is based on the Grecian Phalanx, which was itself, as well as the Roman Orb, taken from the Theban. The renowned Maced on i an Phalanx of Alexander the Great’s father, Philip, was instituted B.C. 360. This consisted of 16,000 picked men divided into four equal parts of 4000 each. They performed their evolutions upon the enomoty or single file, whether it were required to extend or deepen the line, and there was an interval between every two sections for the convenience of manœuvring.