OHG

AS. stofa , a bath-room (glo ing (glo ing L. L. balneum ), balneum ), Icel. stofa , stufa , a bath-room with a stove, = Sw . stuga = Dan. stue , a room; cf. OBulg. istu- ba , izba , a tent, Bulg. a hut, cellar, = Sloven. izba, jezba , a room, = Serv. izba , a room, = Bohem. izba , jizba = Pol. izba , a bath-room, = Ru . istība , izba , a hut, dial. kitchen, = Alba- nian is be , a cellar, = Rum. izbe , a stove, = Turk. izbe , a cellar, = OPru . stubo = Lith. stub a = Lett. istaba = Finn. tup a = Hung. szoba , a bath- room; all prob. stewl and stire3 , which are thus doublets of stovel .] 1. A room, chamber, amber, or house artificially ficially warmed. [Obsolete except in the specific uses (a), (b), below.] the open fireplace or Franklin stove to magazine and base- burning fireplaces and heaters for warming more than one room, which are more properly furnaces. The word was first used in English in this sense as applied to foot-stoves. See foot - stove , oil-stove, gas-stove. The sempstre speeds to Change with red-tipt nose; The Belgian stove beneath her footstool glows. stove piping (stov'pī"ping), n. [ stovepipe + -ing.] Tubing for a stovepipe. Workshop Receipts , 2d ser., p. 102. stove-plant (stov'plant), n. A plant cultivated in a stove. See stovel , 1 ( a ) . stove-plate (stov'plat), n. 1. One of the plates or lids serving to cover the apertures in the top of a cooking-stove; a griddle.-2. Same as store-hearth. Trans. Amer . Philol . A ., XVII., App., p. xii. [Pennsylvania.] stove-polish (stov'polish), n. See polish1 . stover (stō'ver), n . [ stover , es- tover, estovoir, nece aries, estevoir , astovoir , istovoir , en tovoir, stovoir, used impers., it is nece ary; origin unknown.] Fodder and provision of all sorts for cattle. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] Where live nibbling sheep, And flat meads thatch'd with stover , them to keep. Shak ., Tempest, iv. 1. 63. Beard, be conf in'd to neatne , that no hair May stover up to prick my mistre ' lip. place with back and sides of ironwork and some arrange stover2t (stō'ver), v. i. [Origin obscure.] To ment for heating the air in chambers which com muni bristle up; stiffen. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] cate with the room. - Norwegian stove, a chamber the walls of which are made as perfect non-conductors of heat as po ible, used for cooking by enabling a pot or saucepan full of boiling water, placed in it, to retain its heat for a great length of time, thus stewing the meat, etc., which it may contain. The same chamber may be used as a re- fri ger at or, as it keeps ice unmelted for a long time. - Rotary stove. See rotary oven , under oven . stove-truck (stov'truk), n. 1. In a cannon- foundry, a truck on which ordnance is moved. -2. A truck for moving heavy stoves. It is run under the stove, when, by means of a lever, its plat- form is raised, and lifts the stove. The lever serves as a handle for guiding the truck. E. H. Knight. stowl (sto), v . t . [ ME.stowen , stawen , stewen , stowigan , stow, = MD. stouwen, stuwen, D. stuwen = MLG. stouwen , stowen , LG. stauen , bring to a stand, hinder, = OHG. stow an , stouw- an, stuwan, stuan, stuen , stuowan , MHG.stouwen, G. stauen , bring to a halt, hem in, stow, pack, = Sw. stufva = Dan. stuve , stow, pack ( stow , a place, = OFries. sto , a place, = Icel. * stō , in eld - stō , a fire- place, Lith. stow a , a place where one stands; prob. from the root of stand ( √sta ): see stand , staw. But the continental forms (to which is due stow2 ) may not be connected with the AS. verb, which is rare. Cf. bestow . See also stew2 .] 1. To put in a suitable or convenient place or position; put in a place aside or out of the way; lay up; put up; pack; especially, to pack in a convenient form: as, to stow bags, bales, or casks in a ship's hold; to stow sheaves. He radde religion here ruele to holde, Shak ., Cymbeline, i. 6. 192 They may as well sue for Nunneries, that they may have some convenient stowage for their wither'd daughters. Milton , On Def. of Humb. Remonst. In every ve el there is stowage for immense treasures, Add is on. (Johnson.) 3. Money paid for stowing goods.-4. That which is stowed. When we ha' such stowage as these trinkets with us. Fletcher (and another ), Sea Voyage, i. 1. stowaway (stō'a-wa"), n. [ "Leste the kyng and hus consail zoure comunes a-peyre,, And be stywardes of zoure stedes til ze be stewed betere." Piers Plowman (C), vi, 146. Foul thief, where hast thou stow'd my daughter? Shak., Othello, i. 2. 62. We pointed to the white rolls of stowed hammocks in the nettings. J. W. Palmer , Up and Down the Irrawaddi, p. 219. thing in; fill by packing closely: as, to stow a box or the hold of a ship. The tythe o' what ye waste at cartes Wad stow'd his pantry! IMG:content-2231.png:[blocks in formation] stove-drum (stōv'drum), n. A chamber over a stove in which the heated gases are received before being discharged into the chimney, in order that their heat may be utilized. stove-gla (stov'glas), n. See gla . stove-hearth (stov'härth), n . The horizontal shelf or ledge which in some stoves lies outside and in front of the grate containing the fuel. [New Eng.] Shall thy black bark those guilty spirits stow That kill themselves for love? In thy frank guiftes, & thy golde freely stow , The principall will make thy pennance ebbe. 7t. To intrust; commit; give in charge. Stowyne or waryne, or be set tyne, as men done moneye or chaffer. Commuto. To stow down. (a) To put in the hold of a ve el; stow away; specifically, to run (oil) into the casks of a whaler. (b) To furnish as the stowdown: as, the whale stowed down 75 barrels of oil, stow2 (sto), r. trans. 11. To resist; hinder; stop. ziff any man stow me this nyth, I xal hym zeve a dedly wownde. Coventry Mysteries, p. 217. (Hall i well.) 2. To put out of sight or hearing; be silent about. [Slang.] Now if you'll store all that gammon and speak common- sense for three minutes, I'll tell you my mind right away. Whyte Melville, White Rose, II. xx. IMG:content-2232.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2233.png:[ocr errors] hydraulic main. E. H. Knight. straddle-plow (strad'l-plou), n. A plow with two triangular parallel shares set a short dis- tance apart, used to cover a row of corn, etc., by running it so that the line of seed comes between the shares. E. H. Knight. stradiott (strad'i-ot), n. [ stradiot , estra- diot : see estradiot .] Same as estradiot . strae (strā), n. A Scotch form of straw1. straget, n. [L. strages , slaughter.] Slaugh- ter; destruction. He presaged the great strage and me acre which after hapned in Sicilia. Heywood , Hierarchy of Angels, p. 230. straggle (strag'l), v. i .; pret. and pp. straggled , ppr.straggling . [Formerly also stragle ; a var. of * strackle , freq. of strake (perhaps due in part to the influence of draggle , but cf. stagger for stacker1 ): see strake1 . Straggle is not connected with stray.] 1. To roam or wander away, or become separated, as from one's companions or the direct course or way; stray. In the plain beyond us, for we durst not straggle from the shore, we beheld where once stood Ilium by him [Ilus] founded. Sandys , Travailes, p. 16. 2. To roam or wander at random, or without any certain direction or object; ramble. Master George How, one of the Councell, stragling abroad, was slaine by the Salvages. Quoted in Capt . John Smith's Works, I. 100. 3. To escape or stretch out ramblingly or be yond proper limits; spread widely apart; shoot too far in growth. Trim off the small superfluous branches on each side of the hedge, that straggle too far out. Mortimer, Husbandry. 4. To be dispersed; be apart from any main body; stand alone; be isolated; occur at inter- vals or apart from one another; occur here and there: as, the houses straggle all over the dis 1. One who straggles or strays away, as from his fellows or from the direct or proper course; one who lags behind or becomes separated in any way from his companions, as from a body of troops on the march. This maner of speech is termed the figure of digre ion by the Latines, following the Greeke origin all; we also call him the straggler , by allusion to the souldier that marches out of his array. Putten ham , Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 195. The first stragglers of a battalion of rocks, guarding a sort of pa , beyond which the beck rushed down a water- fall. Charlotte Brontë , Jane Eyre, xxxiv. stragulum (strag'u-lum), n.; pl. stragula (-lä). [ stragulum , a cover, coverlet: see strail .] In ornith ., the mantle; the pallium; the back and folded wings taken together, in any way distinguished from other parts, as by color on a gull or tern. [Rare.] strahlite (strä'lit), n. [ strahl , a ray, beam, arrow (see strale ), + -ite2.] Same as actinolite . straight1 (strāt), a. and n. [Formerly also streight, straught , Sc. straught, straucht, and, with the omi ion of the silent guttural, strait (prob. by confusion with the diff. word strait1 , narrow, strict, which was also, on the other hand, formerly spelled straight ); streight , streght, streizt , rarely streit , straight, lit. 'stretch- ed,' streht , pp. of streccan , stretch: see stretch. Cf. ME. strek , strik , strak = OHG. strach , MHG. strac , G. strack , extended, stretched, straight, =Dan. (obs.) strag , straight, erect, tight; from the same ult. root. Cf. the equiv. right , lit. 'stretched.'] I. a. 11. Stretched; drawn out. Sithe thi fleisch, lord, was furst perceyued And, for oure sake, laid streizt in stalle. Political Poems , etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 252. Pirrus with his streite swerd. Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, 1. 537. 2. Without bend or deviation, like a string tightly stretched; not crooked or curved; right; in geom ., lying, as a line, evenly between its points. This is Euclid's definition. The principal char- act eristic of straight line is that it is completely deter- bird, out of its usual range, or off its regular migration. The stragglers are the casual or accidental visitants in any avifauna. In the nature of the case they are never numerous as regards individuals; but the list of what are technically called stragglers in any region or locality usually becomes, in the course of time, a long one, so far as species are concerned. Thus, in the avifauna of the District of Columbia, the stragglers are about as many species as the regular visitants of either summer or winter, or the permanent residents of the year round, though few- er than the spring and autumn migrants. 3. One who roams or wanders about at random, or without settled direction or object; a wan- derer; a vagabond; especially, a wandering, shiftle fellow; a tramp. Let 's whip these stragglers o'er the seas again. Shak., Rich. III., v. 3. 327. Bottles mi ing are supposed to be half stolen by strag- glers and other servants. Swift , Advice to Servants (Butler). 4. Something that shoots beyond the rest or too far; an exuberant growth. Let thy hand supply the pruning-knife, And crop luxuriant stragglers . Dryden, tr. of Virgil's Georgics, ii. 503. 5. Something that stands apart from others; a solitary or isolated individual. Forth-with declarid to hys peple all, And to thys cite his peple gan cal, Wher-vnto thai had an euyn streight way. 4. Direct; authoritative; sure; reliable: as, a straight tip. [Slang.] -5. Upright; marked by adherence to truth and fairne ; fair; honor- able: as, a man straight in all his dealings. [Colloq.]-6. Proceeding or acting with direct- ne ; keeping true to the course. [Colloq.] He shows himself to be a man of wide reading, a pretty straight thinker, and a lively and independent critic. The Nation, Dec. 6, 1888, p. 459. 7. Free from disorder or irregularity; in order: as, his accounts are not quite straight . Finally, being belted, curled, and set straight , he de- scended upon the drawing-room. Thackeray , Pen dennis, vii. IMG:content-2234.png:[blocks in formation] 10. East and west; along an east and west line: straightforward (strāt'for'wärd), adv . [Also used of the position of the body in Christian burial. Sec. Clo. I tell thee she is; and therefore make her grave straight ; the crowner hath sat on her, and finds it Christian burial. Shak ., Hamlet, v. 1. 4. 11. In poker , consisting of a sequence; form ing a straight: as, a straight hand; a straight flush.-A straight face, an unsmiling face; a sober, unamused expre ion: as, he could with difficulty keep a straight face. [Colloq.]-Long straightt. See long1.- Straight accents, the long marks over the vowels, as ā, ē, i, o, u, y. - Straight angle. See angle3 , 1.- Straight arch, in arch ., a form of arch spanning an aperture in which the intrados is represented by straight lines which meet in a point at the top and comprise two sides of a triangle.- Straight ends and walls, a system of working coal, somewhat similar to "board and pillar." [North Wales.]- Straight flush. See flush 9.- Straight intestine, bowel, or gut, the rectum. See cuts under alimentary, intestine , and peritoneum . - Straight sheer. See sheer3 , 1.- Straight sinus, ticket, tubule, etc. See straightforwards , formerly also strait forward; forward1 .] Directly forward; right ahead. Look not on this side or that side, or behind you as Lot's wife did, but straightforwards on the end. straightforward (str at'for' wärd), a . [ straight- forward, adv .] 1. Direct; leading directly for- ward or onward. Midway upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost. Long fellow , tr. of Dante's Inferno, i. 3. 2. Characterized by uprightne , honesty, or frankne ; honest; frank; open; without de- viation or prevarication: as, a straightforward course; a straightforward person, character, or answer. In prose he wrote as he conversed and as he preached, using the plain straightforward language of common life. Southey, Bunyan, p. 40. free from curvature or crookedne of any a straightforward manner. Athenæum , No.3258, kind: as, to be out of the straight . [Colloq.] -2. A straight part or direction: as, the straight of a piece of timber.-3. In poker , a sequence of cards, generally five in number, or a hand containing such a sequence. straight1 (strāt), adv . [ streight , streyght , streyghte, etc.; IMG:content-2235.png:[blocks in formation] p. 451. straightforwardne (strāt'for'wärd-nes), n. Straightforward character or conduct; unde- viating rectitude: as, a man of remarkable straightforwardne . straight-hearted, a. See strait - hearted . straight-horn (strāt'hôrn), n. A fo il cepha- lopod of the family Orthoceratidæ, some of which were 12 or 15 feet long; an orthocera- tite. P. P. Carpenter. To the pyller, lorde, also, With a rope men bownd the too, Hard drawe and streynyd faste. There the steede in stoode strayned in bondes. A lisa under of Macedoine (E. E. T. 8.), 1 1157. 4. To stretch to the utmost tension; put to the stretch; exert: as, to strain every nerve to ac- complish something. He sweats, Strains his young nerves, and puts himself in posture That acts my words. Shak ., Cymbeline, iii. 3. 94. 5. To stretch beyond measure; push beyond the proper extent or limit; carry too far. He strained the Constitution, but he conquered the Lords. N. A. Rev. , CXLIL. 593. 6. To impair, weaken, or injure by stretching or overtasking; harm by subjection to too great stre or exertion; hence, to sprain. Hold, sir, hold, pray use this whistle for me, I dare not straine my selfe to winde it I, The Doctors tell me it will spend my spirits. Whether that Goddes worthy forwetyng Streyneth me nedely for to don a thing. straight-joint (str at'joint), a. Noting a floor 7. To force; constrain. the boards of which are so laid that the joints form a continuous line throughout the length. straightlyl (str at'li), adv . [ straight1 +-ly2.] In a straight line; not crookedly; directly: as, to run straightly on. Imp . Dict. Note if your lady strain his entertainment With any strong or vehement importunity. straightne (strāt'nes), n . The property or state of being straight. straight-out (str at'out), a. and n. I. a. Out- and-out; straight: as, straight - out Republicans. II. n. In U. S. politics , one who votes a straight 9. To pre ; squeeze; hence, to hug; em- or strictly party ticket; a thorough partizan. brace. Other Straight - outs , as they call themselves,. can- IMG:content-2236.png:[blocks in formation] He that nyght in armes wold hire streyne Harder than ever Paris did Eleyne. I would have strain'd him with a strict embrace. Dryden, tr. of Ovid's Meta morph., x. 407. 10. To pre through a filter or colander; sep a- rate extraneous or coarser matters from (a li- I at each sad strain will strain a tear. Shak ., Lucrece, 1. 1131. 13. To deform, as a solid body or structure.- To strain a point. See point1.- To strain courtesy, to use ceremony; stand too much upon form or ceremony; insist on the precedence of others; hang back through ex- straight-winged (str at'wingd), a. In entom., having straight wings; orthopterous. straik1, n. A Scotch spelling of strake2 . straik2, v . t . A Scotch form of stroke2 . strailt, n. [ strayle , streagl , * strægel , contr. stræl , a bed-cover, carpet, rug, stragule, a mantle, coverlet, stragulum , a spread, covering, coverlet, blanket, carpet, rug, also stragula , a covering, blanket; neut.and fem. respectively of stragulus , serving for spreading or covering, stratus , spread, strew: see stratum .] A covering; a coverlet. Prompt. Parv . , p. 478. strain1 (str an), v. [Early mod. E. also strayne ; straynyen , streindre , estraindre , straindre , F. étreindre = Pr. estrenher, estreigner = It. strignere , stre- gnere, string ere, string ere , pp. strict us , draw tight; akin to Gr. στραγγός , twisted, στραγγίζειν, pre out, Lith. stregti , become stiff, freeze, AS. From L. string ere are also ult. E. constrain , dis- streccan, stretch, etc.: see stretch , straight1. train, restrain, stringent , strait1 , strict , etc.] I. cially with effort or care. trans. 11. To draw out; stretch; extend, espe- IMG:content-2237.png:[blocks in formation] Nay, Sir, indeed the fault is yours most extreamlie now. Pray, sir, forbear to strain beyond a womans patience. Brome , Northern La , iii. 3 3. To stretch strugglingly; stretch with effort. This parlor looked out on the dark courtyard, in which there grew two or three poplars, straining upward to the light. Mrs. Gaskell , Sylvia's Lovers, iii. No sound, no sight as far as eye could strain. Browning , Childe Roland. 4. To undergo distortions under force, as a ship in a high sea. IMG:content-2238.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2239.png:[blocks in formation] If it did infect my blood with joy, Or swell my thoughts to any strain of pride. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 5. 171. May our Minerva Answer your hopes, unto their largest strain! B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, Ind. 2. Stretching or deforming force or pre ure; violence. [This use of the word, while permi ible A difference of taste in jokes is a great strain on the affections. George Eliot , Daniel Deronda, xv. 3. Tense or constrained state or condition; tension; great effort. A dismal wedding! every ear at strain Some sign of things that were to be to gain. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 314. Whether any poet has exerted a greater variety of powers with le strain and le ostentation. Landor . 4. In mech ., a definite change in the shape or size of a solid body setting up an elastic resistance, or stre , or exceeding the limit of elasticity. The deformation of a fluid is not commonly called a strain. The word, which had previously been ill defined, was made a scientific and precise term in this sense by Rankine in 1850. Thomson and Tait, in their "Treatise on Natural Philosophy," extend the term to deformations of liquid ma es, and even of groups of points; and Tait subsequently extends it to any geometrical fig. ure, so that it becomes a synonym of deformation . In this paper the word strain will be used to denote the change of volume and figure constituting the deviation of a molecule of a solid from that condition which it preserves when free from the action of external forces. Rankine , Axes of Elasticity (1855). A strain is any definite alteration of form or dimensions experienced by a solid. If a stone, a beam, or a ma of metal in a building, or in a piece of framework, becomes condensed or dilated in any direction, or bent, or twisted, or distorted in any way, it is said to experience a strain . W. Thomson , Mathematical Theory of Elasticity (1856). 5. A stretching of the muscles or tendons, giving rise to subsequent pain and stiffne ; sprain; wrench; twist.-6. A permanent deformation or injury of a solid structure.-7. Stretch; flight or burst, as of imagination, eloquence, or song. Specifically-(a) A poem; a song; a lay. All unworthy of thy nobler strain . (b) Tune; melody. Scott , L. of the L., i., Int. I was all ear, And took in strains that might create a soul Under the ribs of death. Milton , Comus, 1. 561. In sweet Italian Strains our Shepherds sing. 5977 Principal strain. Same as principal strain - type (which see, under strain-type). - Pure strain, a homogeneous strain which does not rotate any axis of the strain.-Simple strain, any one of a number of strains conceived as independent components of other strains which they are employed to define. The phrase simple strain has no definite meaning, but simple longitudinal strain, simple tangential strain, simple shearing strain, etc., mean such strains existing not as components merely, but as resultants. Thus, if a bar is elongated without any transverse contraction or expansion, there is a simple longitudinal strain in the direction of the elongation. A simple tangential strain is a homogeneous strain in which all the particles are displaced parallel to one plane. - Strain ellipsoid. See ellipsoid. - To heave a strain. See heave. Type of a strain. See type. strait