ARACHOSIA

anc. Persian prov. on one of main roads to India, travelled by Alexander the Great. Cap., AlexanN., 21° 17’ E.), town, Hungary. Pop. 1919, 63,166. 40° 10’ E.); on route followed by Mohammed (632); visited by all true. pilgrims. JEAN (1786-1853), Fr. physicist; app. when nineteen, sec. at Paris Observatory; through Laplace’s influence became Biot’s a istant for meridional measurements. In the Balearic Islands he was imprisoned as a spy. escaped, and, after adventures in N. Africa, returned to France. App. prof. of Analytical Geometry and astronomer of the Paris Observatory at the age of twenty-three, he became famous for his astronomical lectures. With Gay-Lu ac he founded for his researches on rotary magnetism he received the Royal Society’s Copley Medal, 1825; he further investigated polarization of light, and made numerous other important discoveries in optics and magnetism. A. was a member of the Provisional Government, 1848; his political activity was of great value to Fr. science, ancient kingdom, Spain, dating from XI i. cent.; capital, Sarago a; united with Castile in 1479; now forms provinces of Huesca, Zaragoza, Teruel; area, 18,294 sq. miles; surface is hill-encircled plain; watered by Ebro. Pop. 1,000,000. See Spain.