Ignatius, at that time patriarch

The Roman see a erted jurisdiction in the matter as po e ing supreme power, and mutual charges of false doctrine and excommunications followed; but Photius was finally acknowledged at Rome as patriarch. The final division was that between Pope Leo IX. and the patriarch Michael Ceruiarius, in 1054, since which time Roman Catholics regard the Greeks or Easterns as cut off from the Catholic Church, while the Greeks claim that they have remained faithful to the Catholic creed and ancient usages. 2. The forty years' division (1378-1417) be tween different parties in the Roman Catholic Church, which adhered to different popes. Schlagintweit (shlä'gin-tvit), Adolf von. Born Jan. 9, 1829: killed in Kashgar, 1857. Brother of Hermann Schlagintweit, and his as sociate in travel and collaborator in his works. Schlagintweit, Hermann von. Born at Munich, May 13, 1826: died at Munich, Jan. 19, 1882. A German traveler and scientist. He explored the Alps in company with Adolf von Schlagintweit 1846-48, and published their results in "Untersuchungen über die phys i kalis che Geographie der Alpen" ("Researches on the Physical Geography of the Alps," 1850). He made further journeys with his brother, ascending Monte Rosa (first ascent made) in 1851. They published "Neue Untersuchungen, etc." (1854). In 1854 he started on an expedition to India with his brothers Adolf and Robert, and the three, together or separately, explored India, the Himalaya, Tibet, Sikkim, Bhutan, Kashmir, Ladak, Nepal, and the Karakorum and Kuenlun mountains (1855-57). Their travels were published in "Results of a Scientific Mi ion to India and High Asia" (1860-66) and "Reisen in Indien und Hochasien" (1869-80). He received the surname "Sakünlünski" in 1864 from his pa age of the Kwenlun. Schlagintweit, Robert von. Born Oct. 27, 1833: died at Gie en, Germany, June 6, 1885. A brother of Hermann von Schlagintweit, whom he accompanied to India and central Asia. He traveled in the United States 1868-69 and 1880, and published the results of the journey in "Die Pacific-Eisenbahn" (1870), "Californien" (1871), etc. Schlangenbad (shläng'en-bäd). A watering place in the province of He e-Na au, Pru ia, 6 miles west of Wiesbaden: noted for its mineral springs. Schlegel (shla'gel), August Wilhelm von. Born at Hannover, Sept. 8, 1767: died at Bonn, May 12, 1845. A celebrated German poet and critic. He studied at Göttingen. Subsequently he was a tutor for three years at Amsterdam. Returning thence to Germany, he devoted himself wholly to literature, until in 1798 was made profe or of literature and esthetics at the University of Jena. He had founded, with his brother Fried rich von Schlegel, the critical journal "Athenæum," which became the organ of the Romantic school in Germany. In 1801 he left Jena for Berlin, where in 1803-04 he delivered lectures on literature. After 1804 he traveled extensively, and was in France, Italy, Austria, and Sweden, the greater part of the time in the company of Madame de Staël, with whom he afterward also spent Sweden, as the secretary of the crown prince Bernadotte, some time at her castle at Coppet in Switzerland. In he was ennobled. In 1818 he was made profe or of esthetics and literature at the University of Bonn, where he subsequently lived, and where he died. He was several times in France, and in 1823 in England, engaged in Oriental studies. He wrote distichs, romances, sonnets, odes, and elegies. His first volume of poems appeared in 1800. The tragedy "Ion" (1803), which was produced at Weimar, was not succe ful. His work as a critic, and particularly as a translator, is of especial importance. His "Spanisches Theater" ("Spanish Theater") appeared 1803-09; "Vor lesungen über dram at is che Kunst und Litteratur" ("Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature"), delivered originally in Vienna, were published 1809-11; his translation of Shakspere, afterward continued by Ludwig Tieck, appeared 1797-1810. From 1823 to 1830 he published the "In disc he Bibliothek" ("Indian Library"), a periodical devoted to Oriental languages, and printed several Sanskrit texts in the printing-office which had been equipped by the Pru ian government at his suggestion. His complete works were published at Leipsic, 1846-47, in 12 vols. Schlegel, Madame von (Dorothea (originally Veronika) Mendel ohn, Madame Veit). Born at Berlin, Oct. 24, 1763: died at Frankfort-on the-Main, Aug. 3, 1839. A German author, daughter of Moses Mendel ohn and wife of K. W. F. von Schlegel. By her first husband she was the mother of the painter Philipp Veit. Schlegel, Karl Wilhelm Fried rich von. Born at Hannover, March 10, 1772: died at Dresden, Jan. 12, 1829. A noted German poet, author, and critic. He studied at Göttingen and Leipsic, and subsequently lived in Dresden, Berlin, and Jena, where he renounced this position to study Oriental languages in Paris, where he remained two years. In 1803 he went over to the Roman Catholic Church. In 1808 he went to Vienna, where he became secretary to the state chancery. From 1815 to 1818 he was Austrian counselor of legation at the Diet in Frankfort-on-the-Main. He died at Dresden, whither he had gone to deliver a course of lectures. He wrote numerous lyrics, the drama "Alarcos," and the novel "Lucinde" (1799). More important are his e ay "Über die Sprache und We is he it der Indier" ("On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians," 1808) and the "Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der alten und neuen Literatur" ("Lectures on the History 1800 as docent the university. In of Old and Modern Literature," 1815). His complete works ("Sämmtliche Werke") were published at Vienna, 1822-25, in 10 vols., increased in the edition of 1846 to 15 vols. Schlei, or Schley (shli), or Sley (sli). A narrow inlet of the Baltic Sea, in the eastern part of the province of Schleswig-Holstein, Pru ia, u ia, which it penetrates as far as Schleswig. Length, 25 miles. Schleicher (shli'cher), (shli'cher), August. Born at Me in in gen, Germany, Feb. 19, 1821: died at Jena, Dec. 6, 1868. A noted German philologist, profe or at Jena from 1857. His works include "Die Sprachen Europas" ("The Languages of Europe," 1850), "Kompendium der ver glei chen den Grammatik der in do german is chen Sprachen" ("Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-Germanic Languages," 1862), works on the Lithuanian and Slavic languages, etc. Schleiden (shli'den), Matthias Jakob. Born at Hamburg, April 5, 1804: died at Frankfort on-the-Main, June 23, 1881. A noted German botanist. He was profe or at Jena 1839-62, and at Dorpat 1863-64. His chief work is "Grundzüge der wis sens chaft lichen Botanik" ("Principles of Scientific Botany," 1842-43). He also wrote "Die Pflanze und ihr Leben" (1850), "Für Baum und Wald" (1870), etc. Schleiermacher (shli'er-mäch-er), Fried rich Ernst Daniel. Born at Breslau, Nov. 21, 1768: died at Berlin, Feb. 12, 1834. A celebrated German philosopher and theologian. He was the son of Schleswig a clergyman of the Reformed Church. The greater part of his youth was spent in the Moravian schools at Niesky and Barby. Subsequently he studied theology at Halle, and in 1794 was ordained. From 1796 to 1802 he was pastor of the Charité Hospital in Berlin. In 1802 he went as pastor to the little town of Stolpe, in Pomerania, where he remained two years. From 1804 to 1807 he was university preacher and profe or at Halle. Thence he went once more to Berlin, where he was appointed pastor of the Trinity Church, and in 1810 was made profe or of theol. ogy at the new university of Berlin, in both of which pos i. tions he remained active until his death. His most important works are his "Reden über die Religion" ("Ad. dre es 'on Religion," 1799), "Monologen ("Monologues," 1800), "Grundlinien einer Kritik der bisherigen Sittenlehre" ("Basis of a Critique of Ethics to the Present Time," 1803: the first of his philosophical works), "Weinachtsfeier" ("Christmas Celebration," 1806), and "Kurze Darstellung des theolog is chen Studiums" ("A Short Statement of Theological Study," 1810), with which he began his profe orial career in Berlin. His principal theological work, "Der christliche Glaube nach den Grundsätzen der evangel is chen Kirche" ("Christian Dogma According to the Fundamental Principles of the Evangelical Church"), appeared first in 1821-22, and in a second edi tion, greatly altered, in 1830-31. "Studien und Kritiken" ("Studies and Criticisms") appeared in 1829. He made the cla ical translation of Plato, the first volume of which was published in 1804; the last, the "Republic," in 1828. As a theologian he made a deep impre ion upon the theology and the religious life of his own day; his fame as a philosopher is, however, almost wholly posthumous. Schlei heim (shlisʼhim). A royal Bavarian castle, 8 miles north of Munich. It has a noted picture-gallery. Schleiz (shlits). A town in the principality of Reu (younger line), Germany, situated on the Wiesenthal 36 miles southeast of Weimar. It is the second town of the principality, and was the capital of the former principality of Reu -Schleiz. It has a palace. Here, Oct. 9, 1806, the French defeated the Pru ians. Population (1890), 4,928. Schlern (shlern). One of the Dolomite Mountains of Tyrol, east of Botzen. Height, 8,402 feet. Schlesien (shlā'zē-en). The German name of Silesia. Schleswig (shlāz'via), or Sleswick (sles'wik), Dan. Slesvig (sles'vig). The northern part of the province of Schleswig-Holstein, Pru ia, separated from Holstein by the Eider and the Baltic Canal. The "Danish Mark" was organized by the German sovereigns in the 10th century. About 1026 the emperor Conrad II. ceded the region to Canute, king of Denmark, and for about 200 years Schleswig was closely connected with Denmark, being generally ruled by mem bers of the Danish royal house, after which it was a hereditary duchy, a fief of the Danish crown (ruled from 1232 to 1375 by a branch of the Danish dynasty). In 1386 Schleswig and Holstein were formally united. From 1460 the kings of Denmark of the Oldenburg line ruled over Schleswig-Holstein (being princes of the German Empire as dukes of Holstein). Under this house various divisions and subdivisions took place, but in 1777 nearly all of Schleswig-Holstein was reunited with Denmark. The King of Denmark entered the Germanic Confederation for Holstein in 1815. The dual relations of Schleswig and Holstein toward Denmark and Germany led to the Schleswig-Holstein wars of 1848-50 and 1864 (see below). A provisional government of the duchies was formed in 1848; and Danish rule was restored in 1851. The question was reopened by the death of the King of Denmark in 1863. In consequence of the war of 1864, Schleswig and Holstein were handed over to Pru ia and Austria; and in 1865, by the Convention of Gastein, Schleswig fell under Pru ian rule. After the war of 1866 both Schleswig and Holstein were annexed to Pru ia. See Holstein . The history of the relations of Denmark and the Duchies to the Romano-Germanic Empire is a very small part of the great Schleswig-Holstein controversy. But having been unnece arily mixed up the story quite distinct, -the first, as to the relation of Schleswig to Holstein, and of both jointly to the Danish crown; the second, as to the diplomatic engagements which the Danish kings have in recent times contracted with the German powers, it has borne its part in making the whole ques tion the most intricate and interminable that has vexed Europe for two centuries and a half. Setting aside irrele matter, the facts as to the Empire are as follows:I. The Danish kings began to own the supremacy of the Frankish Emperors early in the ninth century. Having recovered their independence in the confusion that followed the fall of the Caroling i an dynasty, they were again subdued by Henry the Fowler and Otto the Great, and continued tolerably submi ive till the death of Frederick II. and the period of anarchy which followed. Since that been although her time Denmark has always independent, though her Confederation as duke of Holstein and Lauenburg. IL Schleswig was in Caroling i an times Danish; the Eyder be ing, as Eginhard tells us, the boundary between Saxonia Trans alb i an a (Holstein) and the Terra Nortmannorum (wherein lay the town of Sliesthorp), inhabited by the Scand in avian heathen. Otto the Great conquered all Schleswig, and, it is said, Jutland also, and added the southern part of Schleswig to the immediate territory of the Empire, erecting it into a margraviate. So it re mained till, the days of Conrad II., who made the Eyder again the boundary. III. Holstein always was an integral part of the Empire, as it was afterwards of the Germanic Confederation and is now of the new German Empire.