Mainas

See Maynas. Mainau (mī'nou). A small island in the Überlin ger see of the Lake of Con stance, the property of the Grand Duke of Baden. It had formerly a commandery of the Teutonic Order. Maine (man). [F., perhaps from the second element of the Old Celtic name (L. Cenomanni ) . ] A former government in northern France: the country of the ancient Cenomanni. Chief city, Le Mans. Including Perche, it was bounded by Normandy on the north, Orléanais on the east, Touraine and Anjou on the south, and Britt any on the west, corresponding generally to the departments of Mayenne and Sarthe. It was a countship in the middle ages; was conquered by William of Normandy in was united to Anjou 1110, and with Anjou became united to England in 1154; was conquered by Philip August us of France about 1204; and after several separations was reunited to France in 1481. Maine. A river in the department of Maine-etLoire, France. It is formed by the union of the Ma yenne and Sarthe, and joins the Loire near Angers. Length, 7 Maine, mil in the charter granted by Charles I. in 1639 named "The Province or Countie of Mayne ," because regarded as a part of "the Mayne Lande of New England."] The north easternmost State of the United States of America, and one of the New England States. Capital, August a; chief city, Portland. It is bounded by the province of Quebec on the north, New Brunswick on the east, the Atlantic on the southeast and south, and New Hampshire and Quebec on the west, extending from lat. 43° 4' to 47° 28′ N., and from long. 66° 57' to 71° 7' W. Wour The surface is hilly, and in the northwest and north mountain the highest summit being Mount Katahdine Saco, Andro scog gin, Kennebec, Penobscot, and St. John. The coast-line is deeply indented. The State contains many places of summer resort. The leading occupations are agriculture, fishing, lumbering, ship-building, and commerce. Among the chief products are lumber, ice, building-stone, and cotton goods. It is the second State in the Union in fisheries. It has 16 counties, sends 2 senators and 4 representatives to Congre , and has 6 electoral votes. It was early visited by the Cabots, Verrazano, Gosnold, Pring, and other explorers. Attempts at colonization were made by the French under Du Monts in 1604, and by the English in 1607. The first permanent settlement dates from about 1623. Maine was merged in the "province of Ma achusetts Bay" in 1691, and became a separate State in 1820. A boundary dispute with Great Britain was settled in 1842. The "Maine liquor law" was pa ed in 1851. There was a dispute for the governorship between the Republicans and the "Fusionists" (Democrats and Greenbackers) 1879-80. Area, 33,040 square miles. Population (1900), 694,466. Maine. A United States battleship, blown up in the harbor of Havana, Feb. 15, 1898. She was of 6,682 tons displacement, and was launched in 1890. The naval court of inquiry appointed by the United States government reported (March 22) that "the Maine was destroyed by the explosion of a submarine mine, which caused the partial explosion of two or more of her forward magazines." Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner. Born Aug. 15, 1822: died at Cannes, Feb. 3, 1888. A dis Maingau (min'gou). A former district on the lower Main, now divided between Bavaria, He e, and Pru ia. Mainland (man'land), or Pomona (po-mō'nä). The largest of the Orkney Islands. Mainland. The largest of the Shetland Islands. Main Plot, The. A conspiracy in 1603 in favor of Arabella Stuart against James I. of England. Raleigh was implicated in it, and was imprisoned. It was the principal or "main" plot of two organized against James on his acce ion. Compare Bye Plot . Main puri, or Mynpuri (min-pöʻrē). 1. A dis trict in the Northwest Provinces, British India, intersected by lat. 27° N., long. 79° E. Area, 1,701 square miles. Population (1891),762,163.- 2. The capital of the district of Main puri, situ- ated in lat. 27° 14′ N., long. 79° 3′ E. Popula- all ages. There are many statues of emperors and elec- tors, and some fine gla . The cathedral is 366 feet long and 150 wide; the vaulting is 89 high. The cloister is of the early 15th century. Other objects of interest are the electoral palace (with library, picture-gallery, and collec- tions), statue of Gutenberg (a native of Mainz), Church of St. Stephen, and citadel. Mainz was a Celtic town and was the site of a Roman camp, and capital of German i a Superior. It was ruled by the archbishops (electors) of Mainz, except for a period of about 200 years, terminating in 1462, during which time it was a prominent member of the League of Rhenish Towns. It was called "the Golden Mainz." Formerly it had a university. It was conquered by the Swedes in 1631, and by the French in 1644 and 1688; was occupied by the French in 1792, retaken after a siege in 1793, ceded to France in 1801, and a igned to He e Darmstadt in 1816. Population (1890), 72,059. Mainz, Electorate of. One of the three ecclesi- astical electorates of the Holy Roman Empire. The archbishopric of Main zap pears in the time of Boniface (about 750) as the most important in the eastern Frankish dominions. It was recognized as one of the seven elec- to rates in 1356. In 1801 its po e ions left of the Rhine were ceded to France. In 1803 Erfurt, Eichsfeld, and the Thu ring i an po e ions were ceded to Pru ia. Other pos- se ions pa ed in 1803 to He e-Ga el, He e-Darmstadt, Na au, etc. The coadjutor Dalberg received Ratisbon, Aschaffenburg, and Wetzlar, and the archiepiscopal dig- nity pa ed to Ratisbon. The elector renounced his pos. se ions 1813. In 1814-15 the recent territories of Mainz fell to He e-Darmstadt, Bavaria, Na au, etc. Maipo, or Maipu (mī'pö): often, but incorrectly, written and pronounced Maipú (mi-pö'). A river of Chile, cro ing the province of Santiago about 7 miles south of Santiago City. It gave its name to a battle fought on a plain by its northern bank, April 5, 1818, in which 5,000 patriots under San Martin de- feated 5,500 Spaniards under Osorio. The patriots lost 1,000 in killed and wounded, and 1,000 Spaniards were killed. Osorio escaped, but all his principal officers and 2,200 men surrendered. This victory retrieved the defeat of Cancha Rayada, and practically secured the independence of Chile. Maipures. See May pures . Mairet (mā-ra'), Jean. Born at Besançon in 1604: died there in 1686. A French dramatist. He has been called "the French Marston." In 1631 (1629) his most noted play, "Soph on is be," was produced. Among his other plays are "Sylvie," "Virginie," "Roland Furi- eux," "Sidonie," "Sylvanire," "A then a is," "Marc Antoine, ou la Cléopâtre," etc. Maison (mā-zôn'), Marquis Nicolas Joseph de. Born at Épinay, near Paris, Dec. 19, 1771: died at Paris, Feb. 13, 1840. A French marshal. He served in the Napoleonic campaigns, and commanded the Maison Carrée (mā-zôn' kä-rā'). [F., 'square house.'] An ancient building at Nîmes, France, Maita Capac. See Mayta Ссарас . Maitland (mātʻland). A town in New South Wales, Australia, situated on Hunter River 83 miles north by east of Sydney. Population (1891), including East and West Maitland, 10.214. Maitland, Sir Frederick Lewis. Born at Ran- keilour, Fife, Sept. 7, 1777: died off Bombay, Nov. 30, 1839. A British rear-admiral. He was stationed off Rochefort in command of the Bellerophon af- ter the battle of Waterloo, under instructions to intercept Napoleon, who opened negotiations with him July 10, 1815, for permi ion to sail for the United States. He refused his consent in the absence of instructions from the govern- ment, but offered to carry Napoleon to England. Napo- leon embarked in the Bellerophon July 15, and Aug. 7 was transferred to the North umber land off Berry Head. Mait- land was promoted rear-admiral in 1830, and was appointed commander-in-chief in the East Indies and China in 1837. He wrote "Narrative of the Surrender of Buonaparte and of his Residence on board H. M. S. Bellerophon," etc. (1826). Maitland, John, Lord Maitland of Thirl est ane. Born about 1545: died at Thirl est ane, Oct. 3, 1595. A Scottish politician. He became lord privy seal of Scotland in 1567, and spiritual lord of se ion in 1568; supported the cause of Mary Queen of Scots against temples. It is a igned to the 2d century. It is a Co- rinthian hexastyle pseud ope ript eros, with 11 columns on the flanks, on a raised basement with steps in front, and measures 40 by 76 feet, and 40 feet high. "It is constructed with the optical refinement of the curved horizontal lines hitherto considered peculiar to the Par the non and other Greek temples of the 5th and 6th centuries B. C." ( W. H. Goodyear , Amer. Jour. of Archæol., X. 1). Maison Dorée, La (lä mā-zôn' dō-ra'). [F., 'the gilded house.'] A noted restaurant in Paris, situated on the Boulevard des It aliens. It was built by Lemaire in 1839. Maisonneuve (mā-zo-nėv'), Jules Germain François. Born in 1809: died in 1894. A French surgeon, author of many surgical works. Maisonneuve, Sieur de (Paul de Chomedey). Died at Paris, Sept. 9, 1676. Governor of Mon- treal 1642-64. He was a native of Champagne, entered the French army in his youth, and was the leader of a band of colonists who arrived at Quebec in 1641 and set- tled at Montreal in 1642. He remained governor of the colony at Montreal until 1664, when he was removed from Maistre (mastr), Joseph Marie, Comte de. Born at Chambéry, Savoy, April 1, 1754: died at Turin, Feb. 26, 1821. A French statesman, writer, and philosopher. Joseph de Maistre was one days of Voltaire and Rou eau. His family was of French origin, but this particular branch had settled in Savoy as early as the 17th century, and had sworn allegiance to the King of Sardinia. The eldest of ten children, he prepared to follow his father's calling and become a magistrate. On completing his cla ical studies under the Jesuits, he left home and took up the study of law in Turin. In 1788 he became senator of Savoy, but at no time was he in sympathy with the judiciary duties of his office. He cmigrated at the time of the French Revolution, and spent several years in Switzerland and northern Italy. After residing some time in Sardinia in a diplomatic capacity, he finally went to St. Petersburg as envoy extraordinary and minister pleni- potentiary of the King of Sardinia (1802-17): this is by far the most brilliant period in his political and literary life. One of his earlier publications that had made his name known throughout Europe was the "Considérations sur la révolution française" (1796). During the period of his res i dence at the Ru ian capital he kept up a voluminous correspondence. He wrote an "E ai sur le principe généra- teur des institutions humaines" (1810), "Des délais de la justice divine" (1815), "Du pape" (1819), "De l'église gall i- cane" (1821), "Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg" (1821), and "Examen de la philosophie de Bacon" (1835). On the ex- minister's return to Turin, the King of Sardinia bestowed numerous honors upon him. Joseph de Maistre's letters were edited many years after his death, and afford a valu- able insight into the privacy of his thought and life. Two Maitland, John, second Earl and first Duke of Lauderdale. Born at Lethington, May 24, 1616: died at Tun bridge Wells, Aug. 20 (249), 1682. A Scottish politician, son of John Maitland, first Earl of Lauderdale. He became one of the commis. sioners for the Solemn League and Covenant in 1643, and a member of the joint committee of the two kingdoms in 1644; afterward joined Prince Charles in his exile; and on the Restoration became the chief adviser of Charles II. in Scottish affairs, a position which he used to establish the absolutism of the crown both in the church and in the state. He was created duke of Lauderdale in 1672. Maitland, Samuel Roffey. Born at London, Jan. 7, 1792: died at Gloucester, Jan. 19, 1866. An English clergyman, and theological and his- torical writer. He was librarian to the Archbishop of Canterbury 1838-48. Among his works are "The Dark Ages" (1844) and "The Reformation in England" (1849). Maitland, Thomas. The nom de plume of Robert Buchanan. Maitland, William, of Lethington. about 1528: died at Leith, June 9, 1573. A St. Andrews Continent, and afterward became secretary to Mary Queen of Scots, whose cause he sup- ported against the Scottish reformers. He was captured at the surrender of Edinburgh Castle to the English May 29, 1573, and died in prison. Maittaire (mā-tar'), Michel. Born in France, 1668: died at London, Sept. 18, 1747. A French bibliographer and cla ical editor. He was a teacher in Westminster School 1695-1747. His chief work is "An- nales typographic i" (1719-41). Maiwand (mi-wänd'). A locality west of Kan- dahar, Afghanistan. Here, July 27, 1880, the Afghans (9,000) under Ayub Khan defeated the British (2,476) under Burrows. The British lo was 964 killed and 167 wounded. This has also been called the battle of Kushk-i-Nakhud. Majano (mä-yä'no), Benedetto da. Born at Majano, 1442: died May 24, 1497. A Florentine sculptor and architect. He began as a worker in wood mosaic. Early in life he went to Hungary in the service of King Corvinus. After his return he designed the Strozzi palace, the corner-stone of which was laid in 1489. In 1491 he made the monument to Filippo Strozzi in Santa Maria Novella. He went to Faenza to sculpture the monu- mental altar of San Savino for the Duomo 1471-72. On his return to Florence he made the marble pulpit of Santa Croce. Majano, Giuliano da. Born at Majano, 1432 died 1490. A sculptor and builder, elder bro- ther of Benedetto da Majano. Majláth. See Mailáth . IMG:content-0732.png:[blocks in formation] Prince Henry the Navigator and their Results" (1877), bibliography of their prolum bus" (1872), and edited for the Hakluyt Society "Select Letters of Christopher Columbus " (1847) and various other works. Major a no. See Caffarelli . Majorca (ma-jôrka), or Mallorca (mäl-yor' kä). The largest of the Balearic Islands, Spain. Capital, Palma. It is mountainous in the northwest. Olive-oil, wine, etc., are exported. The museum in the castle of the Conde de Monte negro is a very remarkable and valuable collection of antiquities, chiefly Roman, formed by Cardinal Despuig toward the close of the 18th century by extensive excavations during ten years at Aric cia, near the Alban Lake. The chief treasure is a head of August us. Area, about 1,300 square miles. See Balearic Islands. Major i an. See Major i an us . Major i an us (ma-jō-ri-ā'nus), Julius. Roman emperor of the West 457-461. He was elevated by Ricimer (whom see) in 457, defeated the Vandals on the coast of Camp an i a in 458, but lost his fleet through treachery at the battle of Carthagena in 460. He was forced to abdicate by Ricimer, who viewed with concern his growing popularity. He died shortly after, probably put to death order of Ricimer. Majuba (mä-jöbä) Hill. A height in the Drakenberge, South Africa. Here, Feb. 27, 1881, about 450 Boers, with slight lo , defeated about 700 British. Of the latter 92, including Gen. Sir G. P. Colley, were killed, and about 150 wounded.