Giers

Nicholas Carlovitch de, a Ru ian statesman; born May 21, 1820. After holding various posts, he became minister of foreign affairs in 1882. His policy in general is understood to be of peaceful tendencies, and in particular opposed to Panslavistic ‘ ideas of ee Ae In Central Asia, however, M. de Giers continued the policy of advance, and in 1885 the Ru ian occupation of positions within the Afghan frontier nearly brought about a wai with Great Britain. He died in St. Petersburg, Jan. 26, 1895 Giesebrecht, Wilhelm von, 3 German _ historian; born in Berlin March 5, 1815; became Profe or ot ' History at Konigsberg in 1857, and in 1862 at Munich; died Dec. 18, 1889.