Brune, Guillaume

MARIE ANNE, a marshal of France, B. at Brives-la-Gaillarde, 1763. He was brought up to the law, but when the Revolution broke out, he took up arms and served under Dumourier. He rose rapidly, and in 1795 became a general of brigade under Napoleon I. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the army which invaded Switzerland, after the peace of Campo Formio; and also of that of Italy after the fall of Berne. In 1805 he was made a marshal of the French empire, and in 1807 became governor of the Hanseatic towns, but fell into disgrace for omitting the titles of Napoleon in the text of the convention which procured for France from Sweden the surrender of the island of Rügen. He now went into retirement till the first abdication of Napoleon, when he submitted to Louis XVIII., who gave him the cro of St. Louis. In the "Hundred Days," he joined Napoleon, but after the battle of Waterloo, proclaimed the king. Leaving his corps and proceeding to Paris, he entered an inn at Avignon, where he was attacked by an infuriated mob, who accused him of having been a terrorist, and taken part in the ma acres of 1792. At that time, however, he said he was fighting on the frontiers of his country against the enemy. Neverthele , they immediately shot him, dragged his body through the streets, and threw it into the Rhone, 1815. Brune Island, off the S. part of the E. coast of Tasmania, from which it is separated by D'Entrecastaux Bay. Length 32 m., breadth 1 to 6 m. Adventure Bay is on its E. coast. Brunehaut, or BRUNEHILDE, a famous queen of Austrasia, daughter of A than a gild us, king of the Spanish Visigoths, B. 534, and espoused Sigebert, king of Austrasia, in 568. About the same time, Chilperic, king of Neustria, married her young sister, Galswintha. This prince having put his wife to death and invaded Austrasia while Sigebert was engaged in repelling an invasion of the Huns, B. urged her husband to retaliate by a war in Neustria, in the course of which Siegbert was a a inated and B. herself taken prisoner. On her escape from Rouen, after her marriage with Meroveus, son of the king of Neustria, she returned to Metz, and combating succe fully the opposition of the nobles, wielded the royal authority during the minority of her son Childebert. After the death of that prince, and the acce ion of her grandsons, Thierry and Theodebert, the nobles of Austrasia compelled her to flee in to Burgundy. These two princes having quarrelled, she took part with Thierry, who put his brother to death in 612. Thierry dying the following year, she again a umed the authority of regent; but being attacked by her ancient enemy, Fredegonde, 2d wife of Chilperic I., she was betrayed by her nobles into the hands of the Neustrians, and, as some historiar delivered during 3 days - D. 1849. BRUNEL, Isambard Kingdom, son of the above, B. 1806, was educated at the College of Henri IV., at Caen, France, and commenced the study of civil engineering under his father. He was the resident engineer of the Thames Tunnel, and the designer and civil engineer of the Great Western, which was the first steamship built to cro the Atlantic. He was also the constructor of the magnificent, but till now unsucce ful, iron steamship the Great Eastern , which was built at Mill wall. In 1833 he was appointed engineer to the Great Western Railway, and all the tunnels and works connected with that line and its branches were constructed under his direction. He also superintended the erection of many bridges; among which may be mentioned the Hunger ford suspension-bridge acro the Thames, since removed to give place to a railway-bridge, and the bridge of the Cornwall Railway, cro ing the Tamar at Saltash. This latter is supported by a central pier from a depth of 80 feet of water, which is the deepest yet achieved in civil engineering. It was opened in May, 1859, by Prince Albert, after whom it was named, and is one of the greatest undertakings of its kind in the world. D. 1859. Brun'ersburg, in Ohio , a post-village of Defiance county. Brun'erstown, in Indiana , a post-village of Putnam co., 50 m. W. by S. from Indianapolis. Brunette', n. [Fr., dim in. of brun , brune , brown.] A woman with a brownish or dark complexion. Bruniaceæ, ( bru - ne -as'se-e,) n. pl. (Bot.) An order of plants, alliance Umbellales . They are small heath-like shrubs, found at the Cape of Good Hope, and in Madagascar. Their properties and uses are unknown. Brun'ion, n. [Fr. brugnon.] See NECTARINE. Brünn, a town of Austria, cap. of Moravia, at the confluence of the Schwarza and Zwittawa, 70 m. N.N.E. of Vienna. The town is built on the declivity of a hill, having the cathedral on its summit, and the suburbs at its foot; it is encircled by walls, and was formerly defended by the citadel of Spielberg , on the hill of that name to the W. of the town; but the defences of the latter having been destroyed by the French, it was subsequently used as a State prison, and has more recently been converted into barracks. Silvio Pellico was shut up in the Spielberg for over 8 years. B. is the seat of a bishopric, of a Protestant consistory, a court of appeal, the land recht, or court of nobles for the prov., ., and has numerous scientific and charitable institutions. Its manufactures are of great importance; those of woollen goods, which are the most extensive in the empire, occupy about 18,000 hands.