Clément

a monk, in 1589.- H. IV. (often called HENRI LE GRAND), founder of the Bourbon line of French kings, and one of the greatest of monarchs, was B. at Pau, 1553. Hes. to the throne of Navarre in right of his mother Jeanne d'Albret, fought in the battles of Jarnac and Mon contour, and after the death of Coligny in the Ma acre of St. Bartholomew (from which H. himself narrowly escaped with life), became the head of the Huguenot or Protestant party. Declared by Henry III. his succe or on the throne of France, the claims of H. encountered great opposition from the League or Catholic party, over whose leader, the Duc de Mayenne, he gained a decisive victory at Ivry in 1590. Two years later, H. defeated the Spaniards under Farnese near Yvetot, and in 1594, after having as a measure of policy embraced the Roman Catholic faith, he entered Paris; peace was afterward concluded with Spain, and H. left in undisturbed po e ion of the throne. In 1598, he i ued the Edict of Nantes, which established the principle of religious toleration in France; and during the rest of his reign proved himself the " beau ideal " of a monarch, a statesman, and a gallant and chivalrous gentleman. In 1610, he met his death by a a ination at the hands of a religious fanatic named Ravaillac.- EMPERORS OF GERMANY. H. I., surnamed The Fowler, B. 876, was the son of Otho, Duke of Saxony, s. Conrad I. in 919, and was the first German emperor of the Saxon house. D. 936.-H. II., called The Saint, B. 972, was the son of Henry, Duke of Bavaria, and s. Otho III. in 1002; D. 1024.- H. III., one of the ablest of German rulers, B. 1017, was the son of Conrad 11., and was elected in1039. He deposed 3 Popes; raised Clement II. to the pontificate; and carried on succe ful wars in Bohemia, Hungary, and Northern Italy. D. 1056.-H. IV., B. 1050, was son of the preceding, and had been elected emperor during his father's life. Having deposed Pope Gregory VII. in a Diet held at Worms in 1076, H. was soon after excommunicated by him, and his subjects and son were incited to rebel against him. After a protracted war, H. was deposed by the States General, and D. in 1106.-H. V., B. 1081, was the son. of the preceding, and s. his father, having been acknowledged as emperor while H. IV. was still living, at the instigation of Pope Pascal II. He was obliged to renounce all pretensions to the investiture of bishoprics, which had been claimed by his ancestors; and with him became extinct the male line of the Frank emperors.-H. VI. was B. in 1165, and s. his father, Frederick Barb a ro a,1190. He subjected Sicily, and caused himself to be crowned at Palermo, 1194. A revolt broke out in consequence of his great tyranny and cruelty toward the Sicilians; and his death, which took place in Me ina in 1197, is supposed to have been caused by poison.-H. VII., the son of Henry, Count of Luxemburg, B. 1262, was chosen emperor in 1308, and soon after undertook an expedition in Italy, to restore peace in that country, then distracted by the war of the Guelphs and Ghi bel lines. D. suddenly, probably by poison, 1313, when, after taking several cities by storm, he was on the point of attacking Naples. [s. 450]