Fiord, lat

78° N., near Little ton Island, and Foulke For Ma achusetts, Julien 1861, reached a point which he placed at lat. 81° 35 N., long. 70° 30′ W., although the correctne of his observa tions has been called in question. He returned to Boston Oct. 23, 1861. In 1869 he visited Green land with the artist William Bradford in the Panther. He published "An Arctic Boat-Journey" (1860), "The Open Polar Sea" (1837), "Cast Away in the Cold" (1868), "The Land of Desolation" (1872). Hayes, Rutherford Birchard. Born at Delaware, Ohio, Oct. 4, 1822: died at Fremont, Ohio, Jan. 17, 1893. The nineteenth President of the United States. He served in the Union army Haynau (hi'nou), Baron Julius Jakob von. Born at Ca el, Oct. 14, 1786: died at Vienna, March 14, 1853. An Austrian general, illegitimate son of the elector William I. of He e-Ca el. He was commander in Italy 1848-49, and in Hungary 1849-50, and was notorious for his cruelty. Hayne (han), Isaac. Born in South Carolina, Sept. 23, 1745: died at Charleston, S. C., Aug. 4, 1781. An American patriot. He served against the British at the siege of Charleston in 1780, when he was taken prisoner and paroled. He subsequently took the oath of allegiance to the king on the a urance of the British deputy commandant at Charleston that he would not be called upon to bear arms against his country. Being, neverthele , summoned to join the British army, he considered himself released from his oath, and became colonel of an American militia company. He was captured and hanged by the order of Colonel Balfour and Lord Rawdon. This action gave rise to a sharp debate in the British Par liament, and caused General Greene to i ue a proclama make reprisals. 26, 1781, in which he announced intention to Hayne, Paul Hamilton. Born at Charleston, S. C., Jan. 1, 1831: died July 6, 1886. An American poet, nephew of R. Y. Hayne. He published volumes of poems (1854-57), "Avolio and other Poems" (1859), "Legends and Lyrics" (1873), etc. Hayne, Robert Young. Born in St. Paul's parish, Collet on district, S. C., Nov. 10, 1791: died at Asheville, N. C., Sept., 1840. An American politician. He was United States senator from South Carolina 1823-32, and is noted as an opponent of the protective tariff and a leader of the nuliifiers, and for his debate with Webster in 1830. He was governor of South Carolina 1832-34. Haynes (hānz), John. Born at Old Holt, E ex, England: died at Hartford, Conn., March 1, 1654. An American magistrate. He emigrated to Ma achusetts in 1633. In 1635 he became governor of Ma achu Regis, England, Nov. 22, 1801: died at London, Feb. 2, 1884. An English e ayist and general writer. Among his works are a translation of "Faust" (1833), "Biographical and Critical E ays" (1858-73), etc. Hayward, Sir John. Born in Suffolk, England, about 1564: died 1627. An English historian. He published "First Part of the Life and Raigne of King Henrie the IV." (1599), and other historical works. Parts of his history (which was i ued under the patronage of E ex) appeared to Elizabeth to contain treasonable suggestions, and he was brought before the Star Chamber and imprisoned. Hazael (haz'a-el or haʼza-el). [‘God sees.'] A Syrian officer who, after murdering Ben-hadad II., became king of Damascus about 850 в. с. He was engaged in hostilities with Ahaziah, king of Israel, and Joram, king of Judah (2 Ki. viii. 28), and later with Jehu, king of Israel, and seems to have held the king. dom of Israel in a kind of dependence. Toward the close of his life he attacked Judah, taking Gath, and was induced by Joash to retire from Jerusalem only through gifts (2 Ki. xii.). In the cuneiform inscriptions he is mentioned by the name of Haza-ilu. He renewed the war with As syria first undertaken by Ben-hadad in alliance with Hittites, Hamatites, and Phenic i ans, but was defeated by Shalmaneser II. and besieged in his capital, Damascus, in 842. Three years later Shalmaneser again entered Syria, and took some of its strongholds. Haza-ilu, as the name of Arabian kings, occurs in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon and As urban i pal. Hazara, or Huzara (huz'a-rä). A district in the Peshawar division, Panjab, British India, intersected by lat. 34° 30′ N., long. 73° 15' E. Area, 2,991 square miles. Population (1891), 516,288. Hazard (ä-zär'), Désiré. A pseudonym of Octave Feuillet. Hazard (haz'ärd), Rowland Gibson. Born at South Kingston, R. I., Oct. 9, 1801: died at Peace dale, R. I., June 24, 1888. An American manufacturer and author. He accumulated a fortune in the woolen busine at Peace dale, Rhode Island; was a member of the Rhode Island A embly 1851-52 and 18541855; and served in the State senate 1866-67. He wrote a number of treatises on philosophical and politico-economic subjects, including "E ays on the Resources of the United States" (1864). Hazard, Samuel. Born at Philadelphia, May 26, 1784: died at Philadelphia, May 22, 1870. An American antiquarian. He published "Register of Pennsylvania" (1828-36), "United States Commercial and Statistical Register" (1839-42), "Annals of Pennsylvania, 1609-82," and "Pennsylvania Archives, 1682-1790" (1853). Hazardville (haz'ärd-vil). A village in the township of Enfield, 16 miles north-northeast of Hartford, Connecticut: noted for powder manufacture. Hazaribagh (hä-zä-rē-ba'). 1. A district in the Chota Nagpur division, Bengal, British India, intersected by lat. 24° N., long. 85° E. Area, 7,021 square miles. Population (1891), 1,164,321.-2. The capital of the district of Hazaribagh, situated about lat. 23° 58′ N., long. 85° 20 E. Population (1891), 16,672, Hazebrouck (äz-brök'). A town in the department of Nord, France, 23 miles west-northwest of Lille. It is a railway center. Population (1891), 11,672. Hazen (hā'zn), William Babcock. Born at West Hartford, Windham County, Vt., Sept. 27, 1830: died at Washington, D. C., Jan. 16, 1887. An American soldier. He graduated at West Point in 1855, and in 1861 obtained command of a regiment of volunteers, with which he took part in the operations of General Buell in Tenne ee. He took command of the 19th brigade of the Army of the Ohio Jan. 6, 1862, and became brigadier-general in Nov. He participated in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, the siege of Corinth, the battle of Perryville, the pursuit of General Bragg's army out of Kentucky, the battle of Stone River, the campaign in Middle Tenne ee, the engagements at Chick am aug a and Chattanooga, and the relief of Knoxville. As commander of a division in Sherman's march to the sea, he captured Fort Hazen McAllister on the Savannah River, and opened up communication between the army and the fleet. He was made major-general of volunteers April 20, 1865, the rank to date from Dec. 13, 1864, and was appointed chief officer of the signal service in 1880, a post which he held until his death. Hazleton (hā'zl-ton). Acity in Luzerne County, eastern Pennsylvania, 85 miles northwest of Philadelphia. It is a coal-mining center. Population (1900), 14,230. Hazlitt (haz'lit), William. Born at Maid stone, Kent, April 10, 1778: died at London, Sept. 18, 1830. An English critic and e ayist. His literary work brought him into contact with Leigh Hunt, Charles Lamb, Moore, and others, with all of whom he quarreled. His peculiar temper and political views led him also to attack his older friends Cole ridge, Southey, and Words worth. He is perhaps best known by his lectures and e ays on the English drama. Among his works are "Characters of Shakspere's Plays" (1817), "The Round Table" (1817), "View of the English Stage" (1818), "Lectures on English Poetry" (1818), "Lectures on the English Comic Writers" (1819), "Dramatic Literature of the Age of Eliz ،، IMG:content-0583.png:[ocr errors] table 1828824 Plast of the (1825), "Life of Napoleon" (1828), "Plain Speaker" (1826), "Original E ays," and "Political E ays.' Hazlitt, William. Born in Wilts hire, England, Sept. 26, 1811: died Feb. 22, 1893. An English writer, son of William Hazlitt (1778-1830), senior registrar in the bankruptcy court, and translator of French historical works. He also edited Johnson's "Lives of the Poets," and wrote on legal subjects. Hazlitt, William Carew. Born Aug. 22, 1834. An English author and lawyer, son of William Hazlitt (1811-93). He has published a "History of the Venetian Republic, etc." (1858-60), and has edited "Old English Jest Books" (1864), "Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England" (1864-66), "English Proverbs, etc" (1869). "Works of Charles Lamb" (1866-71), "Memoirs of William Hazlitt" (1867), Warton's "History of English Poetry" (1871; with others), Blount's "Tenures of Land, etc " (1874), "Mary and Charles Lamb, etc." (1874), Dodsley's "Old Plays" (1874-76), "Shakspere's Library (1875), etc. Head (hed), Sir Edmund Walker. Born near Maid stone, England, 1805: died at London, Jan. 28, 1868. An English colonial governor, and writer on art. He published a "Handbook of the Span ish and French Schools of Painting" (1845), etc. Head, Sir Francis Bond. Born near Rochester, England, Jan. 1, 1793: died at Croydon, near London, July 20, 1875. An English traveler, lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada (1835Sept. 10, 1837), and author, brother of Sir George Head. Among his works are "Bubbles from the Brunnen of Na au" (1833), "Stokers and Pokers" (1849), "Defencele State of Great Britain" (1850), "A Fagot of French Sticks" (1852), "Descriptive E ays from the Quarterly Review" (1856), "Mr. King lake" (1863), "The Royal Engineer" (1869), "Sir John Burgoyne" (1872). Head, Sir George. Born near Rochester, England, 1782: died at London, May 2, 1855. An English traveler. He published "A Home Tour through the Manufacturing Districts of England in the Summer of 1835" (1835-37) Headley (hed'li), Joel Tyler. Born at Waltou, Delaware County, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1813: died at Newburg, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1897. An American writer. He published numerous historical and biographical works, including "Napoleon and his Marshals" (1846), "Life of Washington" (1857), etc. Headley, Phineas Camp. Born at Walton, N. Y., June 24, 1819: died Jan. 5, 1903. An American clergyman and writer on biographical miscellaneous subjects, brother of Joel Tyler Headley. His works include “The Court and Camp of David" (1868), etc. Headlong Hall. A novel by Peacock, published in 1816. Headsman, The. A novel by Cooper, published in 1833. etc. Heart of England. Aname given to War wicks hire from its central position. Heart of Mid loth i an, The. A novel by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1818: so called from the popular name of the Tolbooth, an Edinburgh prison, demolished in 1817. This story is supposed to have been written by Peter Patties on, a schoolmaster, and edited by his friend Jedediah Cleishbotham to defray his funeral expenses. It is one of the "Tales of my Landlord." The scene is laid in the time of the Porteous riot in the reign of George II. Heart's Content. A seaport and cable terminus in Newfoundland, situated on Trinity Bay in lat. 47° 53′ N., long. N., long. 53° 22′ W. Heath (heth), William. Born at Roxbury, Ma ., March 7 (28), 1737: died at Roxbury, ry, Jan. 24, 1814. An American general in the Revolutionary War. He was a member of the Provincial Con gre 1774-75; was appointed brigadier-general in the Provincial army Dec. 8, 1774; and organized the forces at Cambridge before the battle of Bunker Hill. On the organization of the Continental army he was commi ioned brigadier-general June 22, 1775, being promoted major-general Aug. 9, 1776. He wrote "Memoirs of Major-General William Heath" (1798). Heath coat (heth'kōt), John. Born at Duffield, Derby, England, 1783 died vert on, England, Jan., 1861. An English manufacturer, inventor of a a lace-making machine (about 1808). Heath field, Baron. See Eliot , George August us . Heaven field, Battle of (6347635). A battle fought near the wall of Ant on in us in the north of England, where Oswald of Nor thumb ria defeated the Britons under Cad wall on (Cadwalla), who fell in the engagement. According to legend, Oswald entertained a vision of St. Columba, the founder of Hii, in a dream the night before the battle. The apparition shrouded the English camp with its mantle, and said to Oswald, "Be strong, and do like a man: lo! I am with thee." On the morrow Oswald communicated his dream to the army, which, with the enthusiasm born of peril, pledged itself to become Christian if it conquered in the fight for in the whole Northumbrian host only Oswald and 12 nobles from Hii were Christians. So Oswald, a isted by his soldiers, set up a cro of wood as a standard, and the field of battle was in after times called Heaven's field, in allusion to the miraculous intervention of heaven of which it was the scene. Hebbel (heb'bel), Fried rich. Born at We elburen, Schleswig-Holstein, March 18, 1813: died at Vienna, Dec. 13, 1863. A German dramatic and lyric poet. His chief dramas are "Genoveva" (1843), "Maria Magdalene" (1844), “Die Nibelungen" (1862). Hebe (hē'bē). [L., from Gr. " Ήβη , a personification of youth.] 1. In Greek mythology, the godde of youth and spring; the personification of eternal and exuberant youth, and, until supplanted in this office by Ganymede, the cup bearer of Olympus. She was a daughter of Zeus and Hera, who gave her as wife to Hercules after his deification, as a reward of his achievements. 2. The sixth planetoid, discovered by Henke at Driesen in 1847. Hebel (hā'bel), Johann Peter. Born at Basel, Switzerland, May 11, 1760: died at Schwetzingen, Baden, Sept. 22, 1826. A German poet. He was the son of a poor weaver. By the a istance of friends he was enabled to attend school, and subsequently studied theology at Erlangen. He was afterward profe or in Karlsruhe, and held various ecclesiastical titles. His principal work is his "Alemannische Gedichte" (poems in the Alamannic dialect), which appeared in 1803. A number of prose narratives appeared first in "Der rheinische Hausfreund" 1808-11, and were collected under the title "Schatzkästlein des rheinischen Hausfreundes" (1811). Heber (he'ber), or Eber (ē'ber). The eponymous ancestor of the ancient Hebrews. See Hebrews . Heber (hē'bėr), Reginald. Born at Malpas, Cheshire, April 21, 1783: died at Tri chino poly, British India, April 2, 1826. An English prelate and hymn-writer, made bishop of Calcutta in 1823. He wrote the poem "Palestine," which gained the Oxford prize in 1802 (published 1809). In the "Hymns written and adapted to the Weekly Church Service of the Year," 58 are by Bishop Heber, including "From Green land's Icy Mountains," "Brightest and Best," "Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty," etc. Heber, Richard. Born at Westminster, England, 1773: died Oct., 1833. An English book collector, half-brother of Reginald Heber. Hébert (a-bar'), Antoine Auguste Ernest. Born at Grenoble, France, Nov. 3, 1817. French painter. Hébert, Jacques René, surnamed Le Père Duchesne. Born at Alençon, France, 1755: died at Paris, March 24, 1794. A notorious French revolutionist. He was of obscure parentage and limited education, and at the beginning of the French Revolution was living in poverty at Paris, having lost at least two situations through malversation. On the outbreak of the Revolution he acquired influence in the clubs as a scurri lous and violent but ready speaker and writer, and was chosen to edit a new Revolutionary paper called "Le Père Duchesne" from a popular constitutional paper of the same name. He became widely known in the provinces and in the army under the name of his paper; was a leader of the most violent faction in the Revolutionary Commune after Aug. 10, 1792; and was appointed substitute to the procureur syndic Sept. 2 following. On May 24, 1793, he was arrested by order of the mor more moderate Hecatæus of Miletus party in the Commune, but was released in consequence tuted, in conjunction with Chaumette and An achars is demonstration in his favor mob. He insti Clootz, the worship of the godde Reason, and organized the ultra-revolutionary party known as the Hébertists or enragés. He was the principal witne before the Revolutionary tribunal against Marie Antoinette, whom he accused of incest with her son, and procured the downfall of Fabre d'Eglantine, Des moulins, and Danton. He was sent to the guillotine by Robes pierre, and died amid the jeers of the mob whose pa ion for blood he had helped Hebrew (he'brö). The language spoken by the Hebrews, one of the northern or Can a an i tic di visions of the Semitic family of languages. It is the language of the books of the Old Testament (with the exception of portions of Daniel and Ezra), and became extinct as a vernacular tongue 3 centuries before the Christian era. It is still the language of the synagogue, and is employed as a scholars' language; has an extensive postbiblical and even modern literature; and is becoming the vernacular of the Jews of Palestine. Hebrew Melodies. A collection of poems by Lord Byron, publi published in 1815. Hebrews (he'bröz). [Aram. ' ebrdyd , Heb. 'ibri (pl. ' ibrím ), a Hebrew, referred to an eponyside' (of the Euphrates).] The members of that mous Eber or Heber: orig. 'those of the other branch of the Semitic family of mankind descended, according to tradition, from Heber, the great-grandson great-grandson of Shem, in the line of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; the Israeli tes; the Jews. great-grandson These tribes, first of all trans-Euphratian, which had become, by cro ing the stream, cis-Euphratian, took the generic name of Hebrew (Ibrim, those of the other side'), though we do not know whether they took it when they placed the Euphrates between themselves and their brethren who remained in the Paddan-Aram, or whether it was the Can a a nites who called them "those from beyond," or, to be more accurate, "those who had cro ed the river. Renan, Hist. of the People of Israel, I. 76. Hebrews, Epistle to the. One of the books of the New Testament, addre ed to Christians of Hebrew birth dwelling in Rome, or perhaps in Palestine or Alexandria. Its chief object is to present a parallel between the symbolism of the Old Testament dispensation and the life-work of Christ. The author is unknown - perhaps Barnabas, or le probably Apollos. The authorship has often been ascribed to the apostle Paul, but this view is contrary to the weight of authority of the early church, and is opposed by most modern scholars. A probable date of composition is about A. D. 65. He brides (heb'ri-dez), or Western Isles. [NL. He brides , an error for L. Hebudes (Pliny), var. of Hebudæ , Gr. " Εβουδαι (Ptolemy), pl. of "Εβουδα, applied to the principal island.) A group of islands west of Scotland, the ancient Ebudæ (Ptolemy) or Hebudes (Pliny). It comprises the Outer He brides (Lewis and Harris, which together form the largest island, North Uist, South Uist, Barra, and smaller islands) the Inner He brides (Skye, Mull, Iona, Eigg, Coll,