BALIOL

Scot. family named from their fee of Bailleul, Normandy; Guy came to England with Conqueror; Bernard (Barnard) built Barnard Castle, Durham, early in XII. cent., and fought at Battle of the Standard, 1138; his descendant, John, m. Dev or gill a (who founded B. College, Oxford), descendant of David I. of Scotland, and was f. of King John B. (1292-96), f. of Edward B., king 1332-38, who lost favor in Scotland through subservience to Eng. kings; entire family seems to have died out XIV. cent. town, Luzon, Philippine Islands; silk. Pop. 21,000, insula, S. Europe (36°-45° 36’ N., 14° Hungary, Rumania; 8. by Mediterranean; H. by Black Sea, Sea of Marmora, and Aigean Sea; W. by Adriatic: in Turkey, and Greece. Rhodope plateau is core of peninsula; it is flanked by folds of Dinaric Alps (Mt. Dinara, 6,010: fertile. Climate is Mediterranean on coasts, extreme in interior. Chief rivers are Danube and tribs., Vardar and Maritza; lakes, Scutari and Ochrida. Whole peninsula was under sway of Turks from 14th to 19th cents., when it began to break up; Greece obtained her independence in 1830; in 1878, by Berlin Treaty, Serbia and Rumania also obtained complete independence, the administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina was handed over to Austria-Hungary, and the principalities of Monte negro and Bulgaria were established; in 1885 E. Rumelia was annexed by Bulgaria, and 1908 Bulgaria was proclaimed an independent kingdom. Pop. is very mixed; consequent hostility of creeds tends to ince ant unrest, and was prime cause of the international problem known as the Eastern Question, which culminated (1912) in the Balkan Wars. Peace of Bukharest left Rumania supreme and isolated Bulgaria; all were discontented. Austria invaded Serbia in 1914 and the World War began. Turkey and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Rumania and (later) Greece joined the Allies, whose base was Salonica,. In Sept., 1918, a great offensive led to the submi ion of Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria, Area, c. 185,000 sq. m.; pop. c. 25,000,000, See Map New Starzs or