Macaulay, Essays, II

403. Millau, or Milhau (mē-yō'). A town in the department of Aveyron, southern France, situated on the Tarn 54 miles northwest of Montpellier. It has manufactures of kid gloves. Population (1891), commune, 17,429. Mill bank Prison. A London penitentiary, on the Thames, near Vauxhall Bridge, between Chelsea and Westminster. It was built from designs by Jeremy Bentham, and is now disused. Mill bank Sound Indians. See Haeltzuk , 2. Mill-Boy of the Slashes. A name sometimes given to Henry Clay, on account of the circumstances of his boyhood. Millbury (mil'bu-ri). A town in Worcester County, Ma achusetts, 38 miles west-southwest of Boston. Population (1890), 4,428. Mill edge (mil'ej), John. Born at Savannah, Ga., 1757: died Feb. 9, 1818. An American Revolutionary soldier and politician. Milledgeville (mil'ej-vil). A city, capital of Baldwin County, Georgia, situated on the Oconee 85 miles southeast of Atlanta. It was the State capital before 1868. Population (1890), 3,322. Millenary Petition. A petition presented by about a you sand Puritan ministers to James I. on his progre to London in April, 1603, asking for certain changes in ceremonial, etc. Miller (mē-yā'), Bénigne Emmanuel Clément. Born at Paris, 1812: died at Nice, France, 1886. A French Hellenist, noted as a paleographer. Miller, Cincinnatus Heine. See Miller , Joaquin. Miller (mil'er), Hugh. Born at Cromarty, Oct. 10, 1802: committed suicide near Edinburgh, Dec. 2, 1856. A Scottish geologist, editor from 1840 of "The Witne ," an Edinburgh newspaper. In his youth he worked as a stone-mason. In 1829 he published "Poems, Written in the Leisure Hours of a Journeyman Mason." In 1834 he became an accountant in the Commercial Bank of Cromarty. His "Scenes and Legends of the North of Scotland," with a chapter on geology, appeared in 1835. He corresponded with Murchison and Aga iz, and published "The Old Red Sandstone" (1841), "The Footprints of the Creator, or the A ste role pis of Stromne " (1847), "My Schools and Schoolmasters" (1852), etc. "The Testimony of the Rocks," explaining the six days of creation as six periods, was published in 1857. His death occurred in a fit of insanity caused by exce ive brain-work. Miller, James. Born at Peter borough, N. H., April 25, 1776: died at Temple, N. H., July 7, 1851. An American general and politician, distinguished at Lundy's Lane in 1814. Miller, Joaquin (originally Cincinnatus Heine Miller). Born in Wabash district, Indiana, Nov. 10, 1841. An American poet. He removed to Oregon in 1854; was afterward a miner in California; studied law; edited the "Democratic Register" in Eugene, Oregon; and was judge of Grant County, Oregon, 1866-70. Не was led to adopt his pseudonym from having written in defense of Joaquin Murietta, a Mexican brigand. He was a journalist at Washington, District of Columbia, and in 1887 returned to California. He is the author of "Songs of the Sierras" (1871), "Songs of the Sun Lands" (1872), " The Ships in the Desert" (1875), "The First Families of the Sierras" (1875), "Songs of Italy "(1878), "Shadows of Shasta" (1881), "The Destruction of Gotham" (1886), "Songs of the Mexican Seas" (1887), "Building of the City Beautiful" (1893), and other works. Miller, Johann Martin. Born at Ulm, Würtemberg, Dec. 3, 1750: died there, June 21, 1814. A German novelist and lyric poet, author of the novel "Siegwart" (1776), etc. Miller, Joseph. Born 1684: died at London, 1738. An English comedian. The collection of jests known as "Joe Miller's Jests" appeared originally in 1739 as "Joe Miller's Jest Book, or the Wit's Vade Mecum, etc." It was made by John Mottley and received its name unwarrantably from Joseph Miller, who is popularly said never to have made a joke in his life, and could neither read nor write. It has been many times enlarged and reprinted. Any stale jest is now known as a "Joe Miller" from the fact that it is supposed to have at some time emanated from this source. Miller, Samuel Freeman. Born at Richmond, Ky., April 5, 1816: died at Washington, D. C., Oct. 13, 1890. An American jurist. He practised medicine for a time, but afterward became a lawyer, and in 1850 removed from Kentucky to Keokuk, Iowa. He was appointed a ociate justice of the United States Supreme Court by President Lincoln in 1862, and was a member of the United States Electoral Commi ion of 1877. He was a Republican in politics. Miller, Thomas. Born at Gains borough, England, 1807: died at London, Oct. 24, 1874. An English poet, novelist, and writer on rural life, known as "the Basket-maker." Among his works are "Royston Gower," a novel (1838), "Rural Sketches,' in verse (1839), "Gideon Giles the Roper" (1840), "Godfrey Malvern" (1843), "History of the Anglo-Saxons, etc." (1848: this went through five editions). He also wrote the fifth volume of G. W. Reynolds's "Mysteries of London" (1849), etc. Miller, William. Born at Pittsfield, Ma ., 1782: died in Washington County, N. Y., Dec. 20, 1849. of the Millerites or Adventists. He commenced An American religious enthusiast, the founder lecturing on the millennium in 1831. Miller, William. Born at Wingham, Kent, Dec. 2,1795: died at Callao, Peru, Oct. 31, 1861. An English general in the service of Peru. He fought with the British in the Peninsula 1811-14, and in the United States in 1815; took service with the patriots at Buenos Ayres in 1816; and distinguished himself in the invasion of Chile 1817-19, and in Peru, where he held independent commands and led the cavalry at Junin (Aug. 6, 1824) and Ayacucho (Dec. 9, 1824). He remained in the service of Peru, became grand marshal under Santa Cruz, and on his defeat (1839) was banished. He returned and was reinstated in rank in 1859. His "Memoirs" were published in 1829 by his brother, John Miller: they give one of the best accounts of the Spanish-American revolution. Miller, William. Born at Edinburgh, May 28, 1796: died at Sheffield, England, Jan. 20, 1882. A Scottish line-engraver. He was apprenticed in 1811 to William Archibald, engraver, and in 1819 studied with George Cook in London. He returned to Edinburgh, and his first plates were for Williams's "Views in Greece" (1822). In 1824 he began to engrave after Turner, of whom IMG:content-0684.png:[ocr errors] Miller, William Allen. Born at Ipswich, Dec. 17, 1817: died at Liverpool, Sept. 30, 1870. An English chemist. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School and at a Quaker seminary at Ackworth in Yorkshire. About 1837 he entered the medical department of King's College, London, and in 1840 studied with Liebig at Gies sen. In received the degree of M. D. from the University of London, and in 1845 he was made an F. R. S. His first experiments in spectrum analysis were published in a paper before the British A ociation in 1845, in which diagrams of flame spectra were first shown. In 1862 this was followed by a paper on the "Photographic Transparency of Various Bodies," illustrated by photo graphs of the spectra of twenty-five metals. With the a istance of Dr. Huggins he began in 1862 experiments on the spectra of the heavenly bodies, procuring the first trustworthy results in solar chemistry. They were awarded the gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for their results. In 1851 he published a "Report on the Metropolitan Water Supply.' He invented a self-registering thermometer for deep-sea soundings. Miller's Tale of the Carpenter, The. One of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales." Its source is unknown, but it is probably from some rough jest of the day. Millesimo (mil-lā'sē-mō). A village in the province of Genoa, Italy, situated on the Bormida 36 miles west of Genoa. Here, April 13 and 14, 1796, the French under Bonaparte defeated the Austrian and Sard in i an forces. Millet (me-la'), Aimé. Born at Paris, Sept. 27, 1819: died there, Jan. 13, 1891. A French sculptor. He studied both painting and sculpture, and was for a time in the studio of David d'Angers. He first exhibited drawings at the Salon of 1842, and until 1852 his exhibits were both paintings and statues. After that he confined himself entirely to sculpture. Among his works are "Une Bacchante" (1845); "Ariane" (1857), now at the Luxembourg; "Vercingétorix," a colo al statue in copper set up at Alise-Sainte-Reine, Côte-d'Or (1865); a number of portrait busts, including George Sand and Edmond Adam; "Tombeau de la Prince e Christine de Montpensier," for the city of Seville (1881); "La Physique," for the Nice Observatory (1881); various colo al figures for public buildings in Paris (1882); a bronze statue of Edgar Quinet (1885); "Phidias," for the Luxembourg Gardens (1887); etc. Millet (mil'let), Francis Davis. Born at Matt a poi sett, Ma ., Nov. 3. 1846. An American figure-and portrait-painter. He studied at Antwerp Milman at the Royal Academy with Van Lerius and De Keyser. Ле was correspondent for the London "Daily News" in the war between Ru ia and Turkey. Among his works are "Bay of Naples" (1875), "Bashi Bazouk" (1880), "A Window Seat" (1885), "The Handmaid" and "A Cosy Corner" (1886), "How the Go ip Grew" (1890). called Francis que. Born at Antwerp, 1642: Millet (mē-la'), François (Frans Mille), often died at Paris, 1679. A Flemish landscape painter, a pupil of Laurens Francken, and afterward a follower of Pou in. Millet, Jean François. Born at Gruchy, near Gréville, Manche, France, Oct. 4, 1814: died at Barbizon, near Fontainebleau, France, Jan. 20, 1875. A celebrated French painter, noted for his simple and pathetic representations of peasant life in France. He worked with his father, a farmer, as a farm-laborer in his youth; but in 1832, having shown ability in drawing, he was placed at Cherbourg with Mouchel, who secured for him an annuity to enable him to proceed with his studies. He went to Paris in 1837, and studied with Paul Delaroche; and in 1840 his first work, a portrait, was accepted at the Salon. He struggled to maintain himself for some years, and in 1848 fought at the barricades in Paris. The next year he settled at Barbizon, where he remained for the rest of his life. Among his works are "The Sower" (1849), "Peasants Grafting" (1855), "The Gleaners" (1857), "The Angelus" (1859: which see), "Death and the Wood-cutter" (1859), "Waiting" and "The Sheep-shearers" (1860), "The Man with the Hoe" and "Wool-Carding" (1863), "Shepherde and Sheep" (1864), "Goose Girl" (1867), "Evening Prayer" (1868), "Potato Planters" (1868), etc. Millevoye (mel-vwä'), Charles Hubert. Born at Abbeville, 1782: died at Paris, 1816. A French poet. He published a volume of poems in 1801. His article on "Le danger des romans" (1804) and a series of his poems (1806-12) were crowned by the Academy. At the head of the poets of this minor band has to be mentioned Millevoye, who might, perhaps with equal or greater appropriatene , have found a place in the preceding book. He is chiefly remarkable as the author of Feuilles"; and as the occasion of an immortal criticism of Sainte-Beuve's, "Il se trouve dans les trois quarts des hommes un poète qui meurt jeune tandis que l'homme charming piece of sentimental "La Chute des survit." Saints bury , French Lit., p. 541. Milliken's Bend (mil'i-kenz bend). A village in Madison parish, Louisiana, situated on the Mi i ippi 17 miles northwest of Vicksburg. A body of 3,000 Confederates was repulsed here by the Federals June 7, 1863. Mill on the Flo , The. A novel by George Eliot, published in 1860. Millot (mē-yō'), Claude François Xavier. Born at Ornans, France, March 5, 1726: died at Paris, March 21, 1785. A French historical writer, a member of the Jesuit order. Mills (milz), Charles. Born near Green wich, England, July 29, 1788: died at Southampton, Oct. 9, 1826. An English historian, author of a "History of Mohammedanism" (1817), etc. Mills, Clark. Born in Onondaga County, N. Y., Dec. 1815: died at Washington, C., Jan. 12, 1883. An American sculptor. Among his works are equestrian statues of Jackson and Washington ton), etc. (at Washington), a statue of "Liberty" (Capitol, Washing Mills, Roger Quarles. Born in Todd County, Ky., March 30, 1832. An American Democratic politician. He settled in Texas in 1849, served as a Confederate officer in the Civil War, and was a member of Congre from Texas 1873-92. He was chairman of the Ways and Means Committee 1887-89, and as such introduced the Mills Bill (which see) in 1888. He has represented Texas in the United States Senate since 1892. Mills Bill. A tariff bill, named from the chairman (R. Q. Mills) of the Ways and Means Committee, pa ed by the Democratic House in 1888, and rejected by the Republican Senate. It placed wool, lumber, hemp, and flax on the free list, and reduced duties on pig-iron, woolen goods, etc. Mill Springs (mil springz). A village in Wayne County, southern Kentucky, situated on the Cumber land 89 miles south of Frankfort. Near it, Jan. 19, 1862, the Federals under Thomas defeated the Confederates under Crittenden and Zollicoffer. The Federal and Confederate lo es were respectively about 250 and 350. Millville (mil'vil). A city in Cumber land County, New Jersey, situated on Maurice River 40 miles south of Philadelphia. It manufactures gla , cotton, etc. Population (1890), 10,002. Milman (mil'man), Henry Hart. Born at London, Feb. 10, 1791: died near Ascot, Sept. 24, 1868. An English clergyman, the third son of Sir Francis Milman, physician of George III. He was educated at Eton and Brasenose College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1814. In 1812 he won the Newdigate prize with an English poem on the "Apollo Belvedere," and in 1821 was elected profe or of poetry at Oxford. "Fazio," a drama, composed at Oxford, was published in 1815, and performed at Covent Garden Feb. 5, 1818, with Mi O'Neill in the cast. It was also used by Madame Ristori in 1856. "Samor," an epic, appeared in 1818; "The Fall of Jerusalem " in 1820; and the "Martyr of Antioch" in 1822. In 1835 he published translations from Sanskrit poems. In 1827 he delivered the Bampton Leetures. His "History of the Jews," which appeared in 1830 Milman treated them as an Oriental tribe, with little attention to the miraculous element. In 1835 Sir Robert Peel made him canon of Westminster and rector of St. Margaret's. In 1840 he published the "History of Christianity under the Empire." Although shunned by the clergy for his un conventional views, he was advanced to the deanery of St. Paul's in 1849. In 1838 he edited Gibbon, and in 1855 published the "History of Latin Christianity down to the death of Pope Nicholas V." The remainder of his life was devoted to the administration of his office. Milne Edwards (mel-na-dwär'), Alphonse. Born 1835. A French naturalist, son of Henri Milne Edwards: director of the Museum of Natural History of Paris. Milne Edwards, Henri. Born at Bruges, Belgium, Oct. 23, 1800: died at Paris, July 28, 1885. A noted French naturalist. His works include "Éléments de zoologie" (1835), "His to ire naturelle des crustacés" (1834-41), "Recherches pour servir à l'his to ire naturelle des mammifères" (1864-74), "Leçons sur la physio logie et l'anatomie comparée de l'homme et des animaux" (1857-88), etc. Milner (mil'ner), Isaac. [The surname Milner is an older form of Miller , from miller .] Born at Leeds, Jan. 11, 1751: died at Kensington, April 1, 1820. An English mathematician and divine. He entered Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1770; became rector of St. Botolph's, Cambridge, in 1778; and first Jackson profe or of natural philosophy in 1782. He was made dean of Queens' College in 1788, vice-chancellor of the university in 1792, and Lucas i an profe or of mathematics in 1798. He was intimate with William Wilberforce, and died at his home in Kensington Gore. Milner, John. Born at London, Oct. 14, 1752: died at Wolver hampton, April 19, 1826. An English bishop and vicar-apostolic of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1766 he entered the English college at Douai; was ordained priest in 1777; and was appointed pastor of the Catholic congregation at Winchester. In 1803 he was appointed by Pope Pius VII. bishop of Castabala in part i bus, and vicar-apostolic of the Midland district. In politics he opposed any plan for Catholic emancipation which should recognize a right of veto in the English crown. As an archæologist he published "The History, Civil and Ecclesiastical, and Survey of the Antiquities of Winchester" (1798-1801). A "Treatise on the Ecclesiastical Architecture of England during the Middle Ages" was published in 1835. Milner, Joseph. Born at Leeds, England, Jan. 2, 1744: died at Hull, England, Nov. 15, 1797. An English church historian. He wrote a "History of the Church of Christ" (1794), etc. Milner, Mi . The principal character in Mrs. Inchbald's "Simple Story." The tale of a young lady, Mi Milner, left to the care of a Roman Catholic priest, Dorr i forth, with whom she falls in love; and, as he becomes the Earl of Elmwood, and is released from his ordination vows, she marries him; and afterward becomes unfaithful, and dies in great misery. Forsyth, Novels and Novelists of the 18th Cent., p. 172. Milnes (milz), Richard Monckton, first Lord Houghton. Born at London, June 19, 1809: died at Vichy, Aug. 11, 1885. An English statesman, poet, and littérateur: only son of Robert Pemberton Milnes, member of Parliament for Pontefract in 1806. He graduated at Cambridge (Trinity College) in 1831, and was intimate there with Tennyson, Hallam, and Thackeray. He visited Germany, Italy, and Greece, and settled in onda ned the Liberal party, and a isted in pa ing the Copyright Act. In 1863 he was created Baron Houghton. He visited Amer London in 1835. ica in 1875. He published several volumes of poems, "The Life and Letters Keats" (1848), etc. Milo. See Melos . Milo (mi'lo), or Milon (mil on). [Gr. Μίλων .] Born at Croton a, Magna Græcia, Italy: lived in the last part of the 6th century B. C. A Greek athlete, famous for his strength. He was six times victor in wrestling at the Olympic games and six times at the Pythian, and many stories were told of his extraordinary feats of strength, of which the best-known is his carrying a heifer, four years old, on his shoulders through the stadium at Olympia, then slaying it and eating the whole of it in a day. He is said to have been eaten by wolves which attacked him while his hands were caught in a cleft tree which he had endeavored to rend. Milo, Titus Annius Papianus. Killed in Lucania, Italy, 48 в. с. A Roman partizan leader, tribune 57 B. C.: a rival of Clodius whom he killed at Bovillæ 52. He was exiled to Ma ilia. The oration of Cicero in his behalf which we po e is not the speech actually delivered (which was unsucce ful), but a subsequent revision of it. Miloradovitch (me-lō-rä'do-vich), Count Mikhail. Born at St. Petersburg, 1770: killed at St. Petersburg, Dec. 26,1825. A Ru ian general, distinguished in the Napoleonic wars. Milosh Obrenovitch (mil'osh ō-bren'ō-vich). Born at Dobrinia, Servia, 1780: died at Belgrad, Servia, Sept. 26, 1860. The leader in the second Servian war of liberation (1815). He became ruler of Servia in 1817; was proclaimed hereditary prince in 1827; was compelled to abdicate in 1839; and was again prince 1858-60. against Paros, he was fined fifty talents, which he was unable to pay, and died in prison. Milton (milton), John. Born about 1563: died in March, 1647. The father of John Milton the poet, and son of Richard Milton of Stanton St. John, near Oxford. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he became a Protestant. He was admitted to the Company of Scriveners in London Feb. 27, 1600. He married Sarah, daughter of Paul Jeffrey, a merchant tailor. He was a man of high character, a good scholar, and devoted to music. Milton, John. Born at London, Dec. 9,1608: died there, Nov. 8, 1674. A celebrated English poet. He was the son of John Milton, a scrivener. His tutor was Thomas Young, graduate of St. Andrews University, afterward well known as a Presbyterian clergyman and master of Jesus College, Cambridge. He also attended St. Paul's School until 1624. At 16 he entered Christ's College, Cambridge, in the grade of pensioner, and graduated in 1629. To this period belong most of his Latin poems, the "Ode on the Nativity" (1629), the sonnet to Shakspere (1630), and the sonnet to the nightingale, etc. For the next six years he devoted himself to literature at Horton, near Windsor, where he wrote "Ad Patrem," "L'Allegro," "Il Penseroso," "Comus" (1634), and "Lycidas" (Nov., 1637). In 1638 he went to Italy, meeting Grotius in Paris and Galileo in Florence. The Scottish war called him back in 1639. The first suggestion of "Paradise Lost," in the form of a tragedy, dates from 1640. After the meeting of the Long Parliament (Nov., 1640), Milton joined in the attacks on the Episcopacy, and began his political writings with "Of Reformation touching Church Discipline in England" (1641), "The Reason of Church Government urged against Prelacy" (1642), and others. In 1643 he married as his first wife Mary Powell, of Forest Hill, Oxfords hire. She was the daughter of a Royalist, and was only 17 years old; she found life dull with him, and abandoned him a month later. This desertion was the occasion of his pamphlets on divorce, and the persecution which followed suggested the "Areopagitica," a plea for a free pre (the most popular of his prose works). She returned to him after a few years, and he forgave her. She died in 1652. Of this marriage three children, daughters, lived to maturity. After execиtion of Charles I., Milton was made Latin secretary to the new Commonwealth (March, 1649). Of his political writ ings during this period the most important are the "Ei. konoklastes" (1649), in answer to the "Eikon Basilike" of John Gauden, and the famous "Defensio prima" or "Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio" (1650), an answer to the "Defensio Regia pro Carolo I." by Claude de Saumaise of Leyden. The "Defensio secund a" appeared in May, 1654. By May, 1652, he had become totally blind. In 1656 he married Catharine Woodcock, who died in 1658; and in 1663 he married Elizabeth Minshull, who survived him. Up to the period of his third marriage his domestic life had been rendered unhappy by the undutifulne of his daughters, who were impatient of the restraints and employments his blindne imposed upon them. At the Restoration he was freed from all legal consequences of his actions by the Indemnity Act (Oct., 1660). Paradise Lost" was actually begun in the epic form in 1658, finished before July, 1665, and published in 1667. He sold his rights in the poem to Samuel Simmons, printer, for £5 down, and the promise of three subsequent payments of £5 each. It was entered on the "Stationers' Register" Aug. 20, 1667. Suggestions for "Paradise Lost" may have come from the Anglo-Saxon poem attributed to Cædmon (published in 1655), the "Adamo" of And rein i, and the "Lucifer" of Joost van Vondel (1654). In 1669 appeared his history of Britain to the Norman Conquest, and in 1671 "Paradise Regained" and "Samson Agonistes." His numerous other works in Latin and English were mostly polemical. His last political pamphlet, "Of True Religion, Heresy, Schism, Toleration, etc.," was published in 1673. Milton, The Anglo-Saxon. Cædmon. Milts in (melt-sen'). A peak of the Atlas Mountains, Morocco, S.É. of the city of Morocco, once considered the culminating point of the chain. Milvian Bridge. See Pons Milvius . Milwaukee (mil-wake). The capital of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, situated on Lake Michigan and on the Milwaukee and Menominee rivers, in lat. 43° 3′ N., long. 87° 56′ W. It was settled in 1835; is the largest city of Wisconsin; exports grain and flour; and is an important railway, manufacturing, and commercial center. Pork-packing and the manufacture of flour and beer are among the leading industries. It is sometimes called "the Cream City," from the cream-colored bricks. It has a very large German population. Population (1890), 204,468. Milyas (mil'i-as). [Gr. Μιλυάς .] In ancient geography, a region in Asia Minor, of varying boundaries, usually including parts of Lycia and Pisidia. Mimas (mi'mas). The first satellite of Saturn, discovered by Herschel, Sept. 17, 1789. Mimbreño (mim-brān'yō). A subtribe of the Gileño tribe of North American Indians, inhab iting the Mimbres Mountains. See Gileño . Mimbres (mem'bres), Rio. [Sp.] A stream in southern New Mexico which empties into the inland basin occupied by the lagoons of northern