O'Curry, Ancient Irish, I

i. Tarahumar (tä-rä-hö-mär'). [Adapted from words signifying 'foot-racers, in allusion to their custom of kicking a ball in racing.] A division of the Piman stock of North American Indians, embracing the Tarahumar, Varohio, Guazapar, Pachera, and Tubar tribes. Its habitat embraces the head waters of the principal streams in the Sierra Madre of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico. The names of nearly all their settlements terminate in the locative form chic . Number, estimated, 15,000. See Piman. Tarai (tä-ri'). [Moist land.'] 1. A region in India, at the foot of the Himalaya.- 2. A small Tarbat Ne district in the Northwest Provinces, British India, near the Himalaya. Tarancón (tä-rän-kōn'). A town in the province of Cuenca, Spain, situated near the Riánsares 46 miles southeast of Madrid. Population (1887), 5,066. Taranto (tä-rän'tō). A seaport in the province of Lecce, Italy, situated on the Gulf of Taranto, and the Mare Piccolo, in lat. 40° 25′ N., long. 17° 12′ E.: the ancient Tarentum or Taras. It has considerable commerce and fisheries. The chief building is the castle. (For history, see Tarentum .) Population (1881), 25,246; commune, 33,942. Taranto, Duke of. See Mac donald . Taranto, Gulf of. An arm of the Mediterranean, on the southern coast of Italy: the ancient Tar ent in us Sinus. It separates the so-called "heel" of the peninsula from the "toe," projecting into the "foot" about 85 miles. Tarapacá (tä-rä-pä-kä'). 1. A maritime province of Chile, situated west of Bolivia and south of Tacna: noted for its rich nitrate deposits. Capital, Iquique. It was seized by the Chileans in 1879, and was ceded by Peru to Chile in 1883. Area, 19,300 square miles. Population (1894), 48,638. 2. A small town, the former capital of Tarapacá, situated in lat. 20° 3′ S., long. 69° 58′ W. On Nov. 27, 1879, a Peruvian-Bolivian force defeated the Chileans near this place. Tarare (tä-rär'). A town in the department of Rhône, France, situated on the Turdine 22 miles northwest of Lyons. It is the center of a large manufacturing region, turning out silk plush, velvet, embroidery, dyes, muslin, etc.; and has considerable trade. Population (1891), commune, 12,387. Taras. See Tarentum . Taras Bulba (tä-räs' böl'bä). A tale of the Co acks, by Gogol. It appeared in its first form in the "Evenings at the Farm, "but was rewritten and republished. Taras Bulba is a type of one of those fighting Co ack chiefs who played an important part in the his tory of Poland, and later in the history of Ru ia, Tarascans. See Tarascos . Tarascon (tä-räs-kon'). A town in the department of Ariège, France, on the Ariège 5 miles of Foix. It has manufactures of iron. IMG:content-0947.png:[ocr errors] Tarascon. A town in the department of Bouchesdu-Rhône, France, situated on the Rhone 10 miles north of Arles: the Roman Tarasco. It is connected by bridges with Beaucaire opposite. The Church of Ste. Mar the and the castle are notable. It has a festival in honor of the legendary preservation of the town from a monster (Tarasque). Population (1891), commune, 9,263. Tarascos (tä-räs'kōs), or Tarascans (tä-räs'kanz). An Indian race of Mexico, formerly a powerful nation which occupied the territory now included in the state of Michoacan. Accord. ing to tradition they came from the north about the time of the Aztec migration, establishing their capital at Tzintzontzan on the Lake of Patzcuaro. Their language was entirely distinct from the Nahuatl, forming in itself a linguistic stock. They were quite as far advanced in civilization as the Aztecs, building temples and houses of cut stone, weaving cotton for clothing, and using a very com plete defensive armor in war; their calendar was similar that of the Mexicans, and they had a form of picture writing, no specimen of which has been preserved. Hu man sacrifices were made to their gods and at funerals. Their chief deity was Curicaneri, said to have symbolized the sun. Their chiefs (called kings by the Spaniards) were elected and had considerable power. The Tarascos were frequently at war with the Aztecs, and were never conquered by them. They submitted without resistance to the Spaniards; but, notwithstanding this, Nuño de Guzman tortured and killed their last king, Tangaxoan. Under Hidalgo they were the first to revolt against the Span iards in 1810, thus opening the war for independence, in which they fought bravely. About 275,000 Tarascos sur Guerrero and Jalisco. vive, principally in Michoacan, with outlying villages in Tarasp-Schuls (tä-räsp'shöls"). A health-resort and watering-place in the Lower Engadine, canton of Grisons, Switzerland, situated on the Inn 36 miles east of Coire. It has mineral springs. Tarasque (tä-räsk'). A legendary monster that ravaged the neighborhood of Tarascon, France. A figure of him is carried in proce ion at a festival held annually at Beaucaire and at Tarascon to celebrate his de struct i on. Tarazed (tar'a-zed). [Ar. shah in tárázed , the soaring falcon, which is the Persian name for the constellation Aquila.) The third-magnitude star y Aquilæ. Tarazona (tä-rä-tho'nä). A town in the province of Sarago a, Spain, situated on the Queiles 43 miles northwest of Sarago a. Population (1887), 8,538. Tar bag at a i (tär-bä-gä-ti'). A range of mountains in Asiatic Ru ia and on the borders of Ili (in the Chinese empire), about lat. 47°-48° N. Height, about 10,000 feet. Tarbat Ne (tär'bat nes). A cape on the eastern coast of Scotland, between Moray Firth and Dornoch Firth. IMG:content-0948.png:[blocks in formation] Tarik (tä'rik). Lived in the first part of the 8th century. A Saracen general. As subordinate of Musa, the governor of North Africa, he led the invasion of Spain; landed at Gibraltar; defeated Roderick near Xerez de la Fronter a in 711; and conquered Cordova, To- ledo, etc. He aroused the jealousy of Musa, and was over. thrown by him in 712. Tarim (tä-rēm'). A river of Eastern Turkestan, Chinese empire, which flows easterly into Lake Lob Nor. It is supposed to receive the Aksu, Khoten, etc. Length, estimated, over 1,000 miles. IMG:content-0949.png:[blocks in formation] Tarkhan (tär-chän'), Cape. A cape at the west- Tarquinius Sextus. See Sextus . ern extremity of the Crimea, Ru ia. Tarleton (tärl'ton), Sir Banastre. Born at Liverpool, Aug. 21, 1754: died Jan. 23, 1833. An English general, notorious in the Revolution for his cruelty as a partizan commander in the Caro- lin as (1780-81). He organized the "British Legion" of regulars and Tories; served at Camden; defeated Sum- ter at Fishing Creek and was defeated by him at Black- stock's Hill Nov. 20, 1780; was defeated by Morgan at the Cowpens in Jan., 1781; and surrendered with Cornwall is at York town. He was later member of Parliament and lien- tenant-general. He wrote a "History of the Campaigns of Tarleton (tärl' ton), Richard. Died at Lon- don, 1588. A famous clown and comic actor. He is said to have been brought to London from Strobe Tarracina (tar-a-si'na), or Anxur (anks'ur). In ancient geography, a city of Latium, Italy, situated on the Mediterranean 57 miles south- east of Rome: the modern Terracina. A Vol- sci an town, it was later in po e ion of Rome. Tarraco (tar'a-ko). The ancient name of Tar- ragona. shire, and to have been a "prentice in his youth" of city of London, later a "water-bearer." He was enrolled afterward as one of the twelve of the Queen's Company, and Tar racon ens is (tar"a-kō-nen's is). In ancient for his extemporaneous rimes and for his "jigs" (comic songs with a dance), which he invented. His popularity and audacity were both unbounded. Hefell into disgrace and was dismi ed from court for scurrilous reflections upon Leicester and Raleigh. He then kept a tavern in Paternoster Row, and later the Tabor in Grace church street. He wrote "The Seven Deadly Sins," a play which appears to have been the result of his real or pretended Tarma (tär'mä). A colonial in tendency of Peru, corresponding, nearly, to the present de- part ment of Junin (which see). Tarn (tärn). A river in southern France which joins the Garonne below Moi ac: the Roman Tarnis. A gorge or cafion, 31 miles long, in its upper course, is remarkable for the height of the rocks. Among its tributaries are the Aveyron and the Agout. Length, about 235 miles, Tarn. A department of France, formed from part of the ancient Langue doc. Capital, Albi, It is bounded by Tarn-et-Garonne on the northwest, Avey- ron on the north and east, Hérault on the southeast, Aude on the south, and Haute-Garonne on the west. The sur- face is generally hilly or mountainous (containing part of the Cévennes). Area, 2,217 square miles. Population (1891), 346,739. Tarn-et-Garonne (tärn'ā-gä-ron'). A depart- ment of France, formed from parts of the an- cient Guienne, Gascony, and Langue doc. Capi- tal, Montauban. It is bounded by Lot on the north, Haute-Garonne on the south, and Gers and Lot-et-Garonne Aveyron on the northeast, Tarn on the east and southeast, on the west. The surface is mostly low plateau. Area, 1,436 square miles. Population (1891), 206,596, Tarnopol (tär'no-pol). A town in Galicia, Aus- tri a-Hungary, situated on the Sereth 73 miles east-southeast of Lemberg. Its trade is flour- ishing, and it has horse-fairs. Population (1890), Tarnow (tär'nov). A town in Galicia, Austria- Hungary, situated on the Dunajec 47 miles east of Cracow. Population (1891), commune, 27,574. Tarnowitzer (tär'no-vits-er) Plateau. A pla- teau in the southeastern part of Silesia, Pru ia, near Tarnowitz. Taro (tä'ro). A small river in the province of Parma, Italy, which joins the Po 14 miles north- Tarpeia (tär-pe'vä). In Roman legend, the daughter of Spurius T citadel of Rome on the Capitoline Hill. Tempted by offers of the golden bracelets and collars of the Sabines, she betrayed the fortre to them: but as they entered they cast their shields upon her, and she was crushed to occupied by the citadel, in memory of the treason of the maid Tarpeia in connection with the Sabine siege; later, that part ( Rupes Tar- peia ) of the cliff of the Capitoline above the Vicus Jugarius and the Forum Romanum, over whose precipice condemned criminals were hurled: now unrecognizable owing to artificial and natural changes in the rocks. The popular identification as Tarpeian Rock of a portion Capitoline cliff which is cut to a vertical surface, and with a deep vertical channel, above the Vicolo dell a Rupe Tar- peia, is incorrect. Tarquin (tär'kwin). See Tarquinius . Tarquinii (tär-kwin'i-i). In ancient geography, a city of Etruria, situated near the Mediterra- nean and near the modern Corneto, 45 miles northwest of Rome. It was one of the chief cities of the Etruscan League, the original residence of Tarquinius Priscus in Roman legend. It was often at war with Rome, especially in the 4th century B. C. Tarquinius Priscus (tär-kwin'i-us pris'kus). [L. priscus , old, original.] In Roman legendary history, the fifth king of Rome: the son of a Greek colonist in Tarquinii. He settled in Rome, became guardian of the sons of Ancus Marcius, and suc- the Circus Maximus, and the Capitoline Temple. The traditional date of his reign is 616-578 в. с. Tartar. Same as Tartar us . Tartar in (tär-tä-ran'). A gasconading humbug, the principal character in Alphonse Daudet's "Tartar in de Tarascon," "Tartar in sur les Alpes," and "Port Tarascon”: a satire on the typical character attributed to southern France. poets describe Tartar us as the place in which the spirits of the wicked receive their due punishment; and some- times the name is used, as synonymous with Hades , for the lower world in general. Tartary. See Tatary . Tartas (tär-tä'). A town in the department of Landes, southwestern France, situated on the Midouze 16 miles west-southwest of Mont-de- Marsan. Population (1891), 2,463. Tarte us. See Tarshish . Tartini (tär-tēnē), Giuseppe. Born at Pirano, Istria, April 12, 1692: died at Padua, Italy, Feb. 16, 1770. An Italian violinist, composer for the violin, and writer on music. He lived chiefly was educated at the Jesuit schools at Naples, Rome, and Bergamo. His father, Bernardo Ta o, was involved in the troubles of the Prince of Salerno, his patron, and joined the prince in Rome; but, that city becoming unsafe for him, he accepted shelter at Pesaro, the court of the Duke son of the duke. In 1557 Torquato went to study law at Padua. He was influenced by his father's writings and not by his advice, and in 1562, while still at Padua, pub- lished "Rinaldo." It was succe ful, and, his father ceas- ing his opposition to a literary career, Ta o went to Bo- Padua shortly after, and by 1565 was attached to the ser. vice of the house of Este, the glories of which he celebrated in "Jerusalem Delivered": Rinaldo was said to be of that race. He was well received at court, and was en- couraged to finish the epic Goffredo (later called rusalemme Liber at a"), which he had begun at Bologna, In 1570 Cardinal Luigi d'Este, his patron, went to Paris, taking Ta o with him. There he met Ronsard and other distinguished men. He left the cardinal after his return on account of a difference in religious opinion, but was received by Duke Alfonso of Ferrara, who loaded him with favors. He produced his "Aminta" in 1573, and had written 18 cantos of "Goffredo" in 1574, when he was seized with fever. After this his mind was not clear: he became quarrelsome, worried himself about the orthodoxy of his poem, and became subject to delusions, dreading accu- sations of heresy and a a ination or poison. At length he was placed in a convent at Ferrara for med i- cal treatment. He escaped and fled to his sister in the disguise of a shepherd. She cared for him, and in 1578 the duke received him again; but his delusions continued, and he wandered from place to place (to Mantua, Turin, etc.), finally returning to Ferrara. There he became so Tatary, Crim. See Crimea . Tatary, Gulf or Sound of. An arm of the sea which separates Saghalin from the mainland of Tatary, High. A name sometimes given to Siberia, north of the Sea of Japan. East Turkestan. Tatary, Independent. See Tatary . Tatary, Little. A name formerly given to the regions in southern Ru ia occupied by Tatars (Crimea, Kiptchak, etc.). Tate (tat), Nahum. Born at Dublin, 1652: died at London, Aug. 12, 1715. An English poet and play-writer, appointed poet laureate in 1692. He was a ociated with Brady in a poetical ver- sion of the Psalms (1696), and wrote various poems and plays. Tatian (ta's hi an), L. Tatianus (tā-shi-a'nus). Born in As syria: lived in the middle of the 2d century A. D. A Christian apologist. He was educated as a Greek; went to Rome, and became converted to Christianity; and later adopted in part Gnostic views. He wrote "Oratio ad Græcos" (an apology for Christianity) and "Diate aron" (a harmony of the Gospels, recovered and edited by him 1881). mained there for seven years he was released, on the per- sonal promise of the Prince of Mantua that Alfonso should not again be exposed to his insane attacks. A theory has obtained credit that Ta o was shut up in an asylum on account of his aspirations for the hand of Leo- nor a d'Este, the duke's sister, and Goethe's play was based on this supposition. "Goffredo" was published at Ven- ice during the time of Ta o's seclusion, but it was very inaccurately printed, and in 1581 a revised edition was printed at Parma, with its present title "Gerusalemme Liber at a" ("Jerusalem Delivered"). He remained a year at Mantua, wrote "Torr is mondo" (1586), and again re- sumed his wanderings. He had many friends eager to help him, but was broken in health and spirits. His "Gerusalemme Con quist at a," much inferior to the "Ge- rusalemme Liber at a," was published in 1593. Two years later he died at Rome, whither he had been sum- moned by Pope Clement VIII. to be crowned poet laure- ate: the ceremony was never performed, owing to his ill- ne . The "Gerusalemme Liber at a" has been translated into many languages. The most famous English transla- tion is that of Fairfax (1600). Ta o (tis'so), Torquato. A tragedy by Goethe, printed in 1790. Ta oni (täs-sõ'ne), A le andro. Born at Mo- den a, Italy, 1565: died there, 1635. An Italian heroic poem, "La secchia rapita" ("Rape of the Bucket," poet and author. His best-known work is a burlesque 1622). He also wrote "Considerazioni sopra il Petrarca" (1609), etc. Tatar-Bazardjik (tä-tär bä-zär-jēk'), or Ba- about 1602: died at Batavia, Oct., 1659. A zardjik. A town in Eastern Rumelia, Bulgaria, Dutch navigator. He sailed from Batavia in Aug., situated on the Maritza 25 miles west of Philip- popolis. Population, about 13,000. Tatars (tä tärz), or Tartars (tär'tärz). [From Pers. Tatar , Chinese Tahtar , a Tatar. Tartar , probably due to some confusion with Tartar us , was formerly the established form, and is still frequently used.] 1. Certain Tungusic tribes whose original home was in the region vaguely known as Chinese Tatary (Manchuria and Mon- golia), and who are now represented by the Fish- shin Tatars in northern Manchuria, and the Solons and Daurians in northeastern Mongolia, but more particularly by the Manchus the pres- ent rulers of China). The chief among these tribes were (a) the Khitans, who in 907 conquered China and set up a dynasty there (called the Liao) which lasted until 1123, when they were conquered by their rivals; (b) the Niuchi, Juchi, or Jurchin (the true Tatars, and the ances- tors of the modern Manchus), who also established a dy- nasty, called Kin ('golden '), and are hence known as the Kin Tatars; (c) the Kara-Khitai (or black Tatars), a remnant of the Khitans who, when their empire was over- thrown by the Juchi, escaped westward and founded an empire which stretched from the Oxus to the desert of Shamo, and from Tibet to the Altai; (d) the Onguts (or Tatty coram (tat-i-ko'ram). A character in Dickens's "Little Dorrit." Her real name is Harriet Beadle. Tatu (tä'tö), or Huchnom (höch'nom). A tribe of North American Indians, living in Upper Potter Valley, California. See Yukian . Tauber Tauber (tou'ber). A river in Würtemberg, Bavaria, and Baden, which joins the Main at Wertheim, 19 miles west of Würzburg. Its valley (the Taubergrund) produces the Tauber wines. Length, 74 miles. Taubert (tou'bert), Karl Gottfried Wilhelm. Born at Berlin, March 23, 1811: died there, Jan. 7,1891. A German composer. He was made music director of the royal opera in 1841, court kapellmeister in 1845, and chief kapellmeister in 1867. He wrote songs, operas ("Macbeth," "Cesario," etc.), sonatas, music to dramas, etc. Tauchnitz (touch'nits), Christian Bernhard IMG:content-0950.png:[blocks in formation] upper Po, near Turin. Tauris. See Tabriz . German publisher, nephew of K.C.T. Tauchnitz. He founded in 1837 printing and publishing house at Leipsic, and in 1841 began the publication of his "Col. lection of British Authors" (the "Tauchnitz Edition "), to which were subsequently added "Collection of German Authors" (in English translations) and "Students' Tauch nitz Editions." Tauchnitz, Karl Chris toph Traugott. ugott. Born at Gro pardau, near Gremma, ma, Saxony, Oct. 29, 1761: died Jan. 14, 1836. A German publisher (in Leipsic). He introduced stereotyping into Germany. IMG:content-0951.png:[ocr errors] He was especially noted for his editions of the cla ics. Tauern (tou'ern), Hohe. A lofty group of the Alps, in Tyrol and on the borders of Salzburg and Carinthia. Highest point, the Gro glock ner. See Glockner . Tauern, Niedere. A name sometimes given to a mountain-range in Salzburg and Styria, east of the Hohe Tauern. Tauferer Thal (tou'fer-er täl). An Alpine valley in central Tyrol. Taugenichts (touge-nichts), aus dem Leben eines. [G., From the Life of a Good-for Nothing."] A romance by Eichendorff, published in 1826. Taughannock (ta-gan'ok), or Taghanuck, Falls. A perpendicular cascade, 212 feet in height, near Cayuga Lake, western New York. Tauler (tou'ler), Johann. Born at Strasburg about 1300: died there, June 16, 1361. A noted German mystic and preacher. He entered the Dominican order about 1318; was driven from Strasburg with other Do mini cans who disregarded the interdict of John XXII. in 1339; and established himself at Basel. Here he became intimately a ociated with the "Friends of God." In 1352 he returned to Strasburg. His "Sermons" were published in 1498. Other works ("Book of Spiritual Poverty," etc.) also have been ascribed to him. Taunay (tō-nā'), Alfredo d'Escragnolle. Born at Rio de Janeiro, Feb. 22, 1843. A Brazilian military engineer, author, and politician. He served in the Paraguay an war 1865-70; subsequently was prominent in congre as an advocate of means for promoting immigration; was president of Santa Catharina and Paraná; and in 1886 became senator. His "Retraite de Laguna" (1871: Portuguese edition 1872) describes an episode of the Paraguay an war, and is widely known. He is the best of the Brazilian novelists, and has published many critical and political e ays, poems, etc. Taunton (tân ton). The capital of Somerset, England, situated on the Tone 38 miles southwest of Bristol. It has a castle (said to have been founded by Ine) and a Gothic church; was made by Ine, the West-Saxon king, a frontier fortre in the 8th century; was long held by the bishops of Winchester; was seized by Perkin Warbeck in 1497; was taken by the Royalists in 1643: was besieged and taken by the Parliamentarians un der Blake in 1614 and was defended by Blake in 1644-45, and relieved by Fairfax. The Mon mouth was proclaimed king here in 1685, and the "Bloody A izes" were held here by Jeffreys in the same year. Population (1891), 18,026. Taunton (tän'ton). A city in Bristol County, Ma achusetts, situated on Taunton River, at the head of navigation, 32 miles south of Bos ton. It has manufactures of locomotives, nails, cotton goods, copper, silver-plated and britannia ware, etc. It was settled about 1638, and became a city in 1864, Popu lati on (1890), 25,448. Taunton River. A small river in southeastern Ma achusetts which flows into Mount Hope Bay (Narragansett Bay) at Fall River. Taunus (tou'nös). A mountainous and plateau region in Pru ia and He e, lying between the Rhine, the Lahn, the Main, and the Wetter. The name is generally limited to the southern portion of this region, called also Die Höhe. Its culminating point is the Gro er Feldberg (about 2,900 feet). It contains many mineral springs. Taupo (ta'po), Lake. A lake in North Island, New Zealand, situated about lat. 38° 45′ S. Length, 24 miles. Tauri (ta'ri). In ancient history, a people dwelling in the Crimea. Taurian games (ta'ri-an gamz). A name under the Roman republic for the games called secular (lud i sæculares) under the empire. Also called Tarentine games . Tauric (ta'rik) Chersonese, or Tauric Peninsula. The Crimea. Taurida (tou'rē-dä). [G. Taurien .] A government of southern Ru ia. Capital, Simferopol. dwelt in the ancient Noricum. Tauroggen (tou'rog-en), Convention of. A convention between the Pru ian general York and the Ru ian general Diebitsch, concluded Dec. 30, 1812, at Poscherun (or Poscherau), near Tauroggen, in the Ru ian government of Kovno. The Pru ian corps (auxiliary to the French) was neutralized.