PARTY

In the Roman civil law, the parties were designated as "actor" and "re1M." In the common law, they are called "plaintiff" and "defendant;" in real actions, "demandant" and "tenant;" in equity, '.'complainant" or "plaintiff" and "defendant;" m Scotch law, "pursuer" and "defender;" in admiralty practice, "libelant" llild "respondent;" in appeals, "appellant" and "respondent," sometimes "plaintiff in error" 1 llild "defendant in error; ' in criminal proceedings, "prosecutor" and "prisoner." Clallllifl.cation. Formal parties ue those who have no interest in the controversy between the immediate litigants, but have an interest in the subject-matter which may be conveniently 1ettled in the snit, and thereby prevent fnrther litigation; ·the:, may be made parties or not, at the option ot the eom12lainant. Chad bourne T. Coe, 51 Fed. 479, 2 C. C. A. 8Zi.-Nece1- '6,f'1/ parties are those parties who have such an filter est in the subject-matter of a mit in equity, or whoee right:11 are 10 hlTolved in the contro- ' Tersy,. that RO.complete and effective decree can lie made, ·disposi~.t the mat~ra iD I ue and [s. 882]