Fouillee

(Alfred), French philosopher, b. La Pouëze, near Angers, 18 Oct. 1838. Has been teacher at several lyceums, notably at Bordeaux. He was crowned by the Academy of Moral Sciences for two works on the Philosophy of Plato and So crates. Elected Profe or of Philosophy at the Superior Normal School, Paris, he sustained a thesis at the Sorbonne on Liberty and Determinism , which was violently attacked by the Catholics. This work has gone through several editions. M. Fonillée has also written an able History of Philosophy , 1875, Contemporary Social Science , and an important Critique of Contemporary Moral Systems (1883). He has written much in the Revue des Deux Mondes , and is considered, with Taine, Ribot, and Renan, the principal representative of French philosophy. His system is known as that of idèes-forces , as he holds that ideas are themselves forces. His latest work expounds the views of M. Guyau.