Circle

Among the lands in it are Green land, Nova Zem bla, Spitz bergen, Franz Josef Land, Jan Mayen, New Siberia, Wrangel Land, Banks Land, Prince Patrick Island, Melville Island, Victoria Land, King William Island, Prince of Wales Land, Bathurst Island, North Somerset, Cock burn Island, Grinnell, North Devon, Baffin Land, Ellesmere Land, etc. Among its arms or divisions are Kotze bue Sound, Beaufort Sea, Melville Sound, McClintock Ardennes, Forest of Armenia, situated on the Kur 41 miles northwest of Kars: stormed by the Ru ians May, 1877, and ceded to Ru ia by Turkey 1878. Ardashir (är-da-sher'). The real founder of the Sa an i an dynasty, surnamed "iPapakan," the son of Papak. He reigned from 211 or 212 A. D. to 241 or 242. Beginning with Papak's kingdom about Istakkr, he subdued Kerman and Susiana. In 224 he defeated and killed Ardavan, the last Part hi an emperor, from which time he called himself "king of kings." While Istakkr was in theory the capital, his real capital consisted of Ctesiphon and Veh-Ardashir (Seleucia), on the opposite bank of the Tigris. The important fact in his career is his effective patronage of the Zoroastrian religion. Arda Viraf. See the following. Arda Viraf Namak (är'dä ve-räf nä-mäk'). [The Book of Arda Viraf.'] da Viraf.'] A favorite reli gio gio us book among the Parsis, written in Pahlavi. In the reign of Shapur II., since doubts still existed as to the truth of the Zoroastrian religion, the Dasturs resolved to send one among them to the land of the dead to bring back certainty. Seven were chosen, and these chose three and these again one, Arda Viraf. Viraf drank three cups filled with a narcotic (mang), and slept until the seventh day, during which time he made a journey guided by Sraosha, "the angel of obedience," and Ataro Yazad, "the angel of the fire," through heaven and hell. The rewards of the one and the punishments of the other are minutely described. Neither author nor date is known, but the book belongs undoubtedly to Sa an i an times. Ardea (är'de-ä). [L.; Gr. Ἀρδέα .] In ancient geography, a town of Latium, Italy, 24 miles south of Rome. It was the chief town of the Rutulians, and later a Roman colony.