Chilling ham (chiling-am)

A village in the Port Town send to Port Ludlow. Their wars with northern part of North umber land, England, 11 miles northwest of Alnwick. Chilling worth (chil'ing-werth), Roger. The injured and malicious husband of Hester Prynne in Hawthorne's romance "The Scarlet Letter." Chilling worth, William. Born at Oxford, England, Oct., 1602: died at Chi chester, England, Jan. 30, 1644. A noted English divine and controversialist. He was graduated at Oxford (B. A. verted 1620), became to Romanism a fellow about of Trinity 1630, returned College 1628, to Pro testoon was con ism 1634, was made a chancellor of Salisbury 1638, and became a member of the Royalist army. He was captured by Waller at Arundel Castle, Dec. 9, 1643. The most famous of his works is "The Religion of Protestants, a Safe Way to Salvation, etc." (1637). Chillip (chil'ip), Mr. A mild and gentle little doctor who attended Mrs. Copper field, in Charles Dickens's "David Copper field." Chillon (shē-yôn'). A castle in Vaud, Switzer their Salishan neighbors early reduced their number, and in 1853 they amounted to only 90 souls, living in about 15 lodges: subsequently placed on the Skokomish reservation, Washington. They are now practically extinct. See Chimakuan . Chimalakwe (chi-mälä-kwā). A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on New River, a tributary of the Trinity, California. It was once a comparatively populous tribe, but chiefly through constant aggre ion by the Hupa, who exacted an tribute, was overpowered and as a tribe became extinct. See Chimar ikan . (che-mäl-pin' Chimalpain Quautlehuanitzín (che-m kwä-ö-tle-wä-në-tsēn'), Juan Bautista de San Anton Muñon. Lived in the latter part of the 16th century. A Mexican Indian, a descendant of the chiefs of Amecameca. He was educated by the Francis cans, and taught in their college of Santiago Tlatelolco. He wrote several works on ancient Aztec history, and is said to have written one on the conquest: these are known only in manuscript. The "Hist or i a de las Con quist as de Hernando Cortés," attributed to is translation of Gomara. Gaul, who, being illegitimate, was set adrift upon the sea in his cradle by his mother to hide her shame. Children (children), John George. Born at Tun bridge, England, May 18, 1777: died at Halstead Place, Kent, Jan. 1, 1852. An English physicist and naturalist, best known for his experiments in electricity. He was a secretary of the Royal Society 1826-27 and 1830-37, and was librarian in the department of antiquities in the British Museum 1816-40. Children in the Wood, or Babes in the Wood. An old English ballad, of unknown authorship, preserved in Ritson's, Percy's, and other collections. The ballad was entered in the "Stationers' Register" in 1595. In 1601 a play was published " of a young child murthered in a wood by two ruffins with the consent of his unkle." The plot of this play was undoubtedly derived from the Italian, and the ballad may have been produced from the same source. Child. Children of the Mist. A band of Highland outlaws in Scott's "Legend of Montrose." There is a famous picture with this title by Landseer. Childs (childz), George William. Born at Baltimore, Md., May 12, 1829: died at Philadelphia, Feb. 3, 1894. An American publisher and philanthropist. Publisher of the "Public Ledger" in Philadelphia 1864-94. Chile (chil'e; Sp. pron. che'li), or Chili (chil'i). [Probably from the Quichua chiri , cold.] A republic of South America, capital Santiago, lying between Peru on the north, Bolivia and the Argentine Republic on the east, and the Pacific Ocean on the south and west. It has 24 provinces: Aconcagua, Arauco, Atacama, Biobio, Chiloé, Colchagua, Concepcion, Coquimbo, Curicó, Linares, Llanquihue, Malleco, Maule, Nuble, O'Higgins, Santiago, Talca, Tacna, Valdivia, Val para i so, Ant of agast a, Mag all anes, Tarapacá, and Cautin. It lies between the crest of the Andes on the east and the Pacific on the west; in the northern part portions east of the western Andes are included. The mountains send ramifications over the surface, connecting with a lower coast-chain, and including extensive plains and valleys. It exports niter, copper, silver, wool, wheat, etc. The government is a republic under a president and Congre (Senate and Chamber of Deputies). The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic. The language is Spanish, and the inhabitants are chiefly of Spanish descent. The name Chile was applied by the natives only to the valley of Aconcagua, including Quilota; it was extended by the Spaniards to all their conquests south of the Atacama desert. During the 17th century the government of Chile included considerable tracts east of the Andes. After the revolution conquests were extended south into Patagonia, and by treaty with Argentina the region was divided between the two coun tries, the boundary being the Andes. Chile acquired Atacama and a portion of southern Peru by the war of 1879-83, waged against Peru and Bolivia. It was invaded ers an isolated rock on the edge of the lake, and is a very picturesque combination of semicircular and square towers and machicolated curtains grouped about a higher central tower. It is famous in literature and song (Byron), especially as the prison of Bonnivard (1530-36), a defender of Swi liberties against the Duke of Savoy in the 16th century. The castle is of very early foundation, though, as it now stands, e entially of the 13th century. Some of the rooms preserve curious wooden ceilings, and the mas sive ribbed vaulting of the two-aisled dungeon-crypt is impre ive. It was taken by the Bernese in 1536, and was used for a state prison in the 18th century, and later as an arsenal. Chilmari (chil-mä'rë), Hindu stan i Chalamari (chal-ä-ma'rē). A town in the district of Rungpur, Bengal, British India, in lat. 25° 25′ Ν., long. 89° 40′ E., on the Brahmaputra. It is the seat of a religious and commercial festival. Chiloé (che-lo-a'). 1. A southern province of Chile, including the island of Chiloé and the islands to lat. 47° S. Area, 3,995 square miles. Population (1891), 79,514.-2. An is land in the province of Chiloé, west of the mainland, discovered by the Spaniards in 1558. Length, 120 miles. Greatest width, 40 miles: The chief town of island and province is Ancud, or San Carlos. Chilon (ki'lon), or Chilo (ki'lō). [Gr. Χείλων, Χίλων .] Lived in the first part of the 6th century B. c. A Spartan, one of the "Seven Sages" of Greece. He was ephor eponymos at Sparta 556 B. C., and is said to have died of joy caused by the victory of his son in boxing at the Olympic games. Chilperic (chil'pe-rik) I. Died 584. King of Neustria 561-584. He murdered his second wife, the West-Gothic prince Galeswintha, sister of Brunehaut of Austrasia, in order to marry his mistre Fredegunde, thereby bringing on a war with the husband of Brunehaut, his brother Sigebert I. of Austrasia. Chiltern Hills (chil'tèrn hilz). A range of low chalk hills in Oxfords hire, Bucks, Hertfordshire, and Bedford shire, England. Chiltern Hundreds (chil'tern hun'dredz). The three hundreds of Stoke, Des borough, and Bodenham, in Bucking hams hire. The stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds (originally an office charged with the suppre ion of the robbers who infested the Chiltern Hills) is a nominal office, conferred upon a member of Parliament who wishes to resign his seat, such resignation being impo ible unle the member is disqualified by the acceptance of a place of honor and profit under the crown, or by some other cause. The place is in the gift of the chancellor of the exchequer. Chilula (chil'ö-lä). A division of North American Indians. They formerly lived in Humboldt County, California, but were removed to the Hupa reservation and absorbed. See We its pekan . ruler of ancient Mexico, from 1417 to 1428, or according to other chronologies from 1410 to 1422. He was the brother of his predece or, Huitzilihuitl. He interfered in a quarrel of rival Tepanec chiefs, was seized by one of them, Maxtla, and committed suicide while in confinement. Chimanos. See Jumanas . Chimar ikan (chim-ä-re'kan). A linguistic stock of North American Indians, comprising the Chimariko and Chimalakwe tribes, formerly living on Trinity and New rivers, Trinity County, California. They were once comparatively numerous, but constant oppre ion by the Hupa Indians, as well as by the early white settlers, has resulted in their extinction as tribes. Chimariko (chim-ä-rēkō). A tribe of North American Indians which formerly inhabited the banks of Trinity River, California, from Burnt Ranch northward to the junction of the north and south forks. It was reduced to about six individuals in 1876, and is now probably extinct. See Chimar ikan . Chimay (she-ma'). A town in the province of Hainaut, Belgium, 32 miles southeast of Mons. Place of Froi art's death. Population (1890), 3,308. Chimay, Prince e de (Jeanne Marie Ignace Thérèse de Cabarrus). Born at Sarago a, Spain, July 31, 1773: died at Bru els, Belgium, Jan. 15, 1835. The daughter of the Comte de Cabarrus, married at an early age to the Marquis de Fontenay, who obtained a divorce from her in 1793. In the same year she made the acquaintance at Bordeaux of Tallien, whom she married, and on whose career in the Convention she exercised a profound influence. Having procured a divorce from Tallien in 1802, she married in 1805 the Comte de Caraman, who subsequently became prince of Chimay. Chimay, Principality of. A small principality in Hainault. It pa ed in 1804 to the present po e ors (French family De Riquet de Caraman). Chimb or azo (chim-bō-rä'zō; Sp. pron. chembō-rä'tho). A province of western Ecuador. Population, 122,300. Chimb or azo. One of the highest mountains of the Andes, situated in Ecuador in lat. 1° 30′ S., long. 79° W. It was nearly ascended by Humboldt in 1802, and was ascended by Whymper in 1880. Height (Whymper), 20,498 feet; height above the plain of Quito, about 12,000 feet. Chimène (she-man'). The faithful daughter of Don Gomès in Corneille's tragedy "The Cid." Chimes, The. Dickens's Christmas story for 1844. Chimæra (ki-mē'rä). [Gr. Χίμαιρα .] In Greek mythology, a fire-breathing monster of divine Chimihuahua. See Chemehuevi . Chimmesyan Chimmesyan (chim'ma-se-an). [From the name of the Ts'emsian tribe, signifying 'on the Ksián (Skeena) river.] A linguistic stock of North American Indians inhabiting the region of the Na e and Skeena rivers, British Columbia, and nearly all the Pacific islands near the coast between lat. 52° 15′ and 55° N. It embraces the Nasqa and Ts'emsian or Tsimshian divisions, which comprise a number of tribes. The estimated number is 5,000. In 1887 about 1,000 removed to Annette Island, 60 miles north of the southern boundary of Alaska, where they are making rapid progre in civilization. Chimsian. See Tsimshian . Chimu (che mö), also as pl. Chimus. [From the title of their sovereign.] An ancient civi lized nation of the Peruvian coast-valleys, be tween lat. 3o and 11° S. They were entirely distinct from the Incas in language, architecture, and customs. According to tradition they came from beyond sea, and drove out the savages who had occupied this region (about the 12th century). They built great cities, remarkable for the size of some of the buildings, the walls ornamented with elaborate arabesques and paintings. Their aqueducts and irrigation works were very extensive. The Chimu people excelled in gold and silver work and in the manufacture of cloth and pottery. The Incas called them Yuncas. Descendants of the race still live in the same region, but their language, called Mochica , is extinct. A grammar and list of words are extant. The ruins of the Chimu cities are the most striking archæological remains in Peru. The black pottery commonly seen in museums, and loosely called "Peruvian," was of their manufacture. Chimu. The name given by archæologists to the ruins of the capital and chief city of the Chimu people, on the sea-shore about 4 miles north of Truxillo, Peru. The remains cover a space 15 miles long and 5 or 6 broad, and embrace the walls of vast palaces and temples, some of them ornamented with arabesque work and paintings. An aqueduct many miles long supplied the city with water, which was received in large reservoirs. There are several sepulchral mounds from which many objects of interest have been obtained. China (china). [F. Chine , Sp. Pg. China , It. Cina , ML. China , Sina , Ar. Sin ; in Gr., as the name of the people, Σίναι , Θίναι (Ptolemy), a name of unidentified Eastern origin. Another name known to the ancients was L. Serica , Gr. Σηρική (Ptolemy), from L. Seres , Gr. Σήρες , the people. In later times Cathay ( Kitai ). Chinese designations, Chung Kwoh ('Middle Kingdom'), Chung Hwa Kwoh ('Middle Flowery Kingdom'), etc.] The most important division of the Chinese empire, extending from about lat. 18° N. to Mongolia and Manchuria on the north. It comprises 18 provinces: Chihli, Shantung, Shansi, Shensi, Kansu, Honan, Anhwei, Kiangsu, Chekiang, Fuhkien, Kiangsi, Hupeh, Hunan, Sz'chuen, Kweichow, Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung. The capital is Peking. The surface, except in part in the northeast, is largely mountainous, with many of the summits attaining an elevation of 10,00011,000 feet. The chief rivers are the Peiho, Hwangho, Yangtsz' Kiang, Min, and Pearl. The leading products are rice, tea, silk, cotton, sugar, pulse, cereals, tobacco, coal, iron, copper, etc. The chief exports are tea, silk, straw goods, porcelain, etc. The government is administered by viceroys of provinces, who report to the central autocratic power at Peking. The principal religions are Sinism, Buddhism, and Taoism: the philosophical system with them. The Chinese a ign a fabulously early origin to their nation. Among the semi-mythical kings is Fuhi. From about the era of Confucius (in the 6th century B. с.) as Con fuci an ism sometimes the dates become more trustworthy. In the 3d century B. was the Tsin dynasty which the Great Wall. To it succeeded the Han dynasty when the empire was consolidated. Buddhism was introduced in the 1st century A. D. Soon after the empire became disorganized, but was again consolidated about 600. There followed a brilliant period, especially in literature, interrupted by Tatar Jenghiz Khan occupied the northern portion of the em pire in 1215, and the Mongol dynasty was fully established by Kublai Khan in 1280. The Ming dynasty followed in 1368. In the 16th century Portugal obtained a foothold at Macao. The present Manchu dynasty of Tsing acceded in 1644. The empire attained a westward extension in the 18th century. The Opium War with Great Britain began in 1840, and ended in 1842 with the ce ion of Hong-Kong and the opening of certain treaty ports: ports were opened to France and the United States in 1844. The Taiping rebellion (which see) broke out in 1850, and was suppre ed in 1864. Meanwhile Anglo-French wars in 1856-58 and 1859-60 resulted in the victory of the allies. China ceded the Amur country to Ru ia in 1858. In 1881 she recovered Kuldja from Ru ia. War with France 1884-85 terminated in favor of the French. In 1894 disturbances in Korea, whither Chinese and Japanese troops were de(declared Standarduly 31) between that country and China in which the latter was completely defeated on land and sea. A treaty of peace, which included the payment of a heavy indemnity by China, the ce ion of Formosa, the independence of Korea, and other conce ions, was signed April 16, 1895. Area of China proper, estimated, 1,500,000 square miles; with the territory of SinTsiang, sometimes recognized as a 19th province, about 2,100,000 square miles; population, 348,000,000. Area of the whole empire, 4,200,000 square miles; population, about 360,000,000. Chinalaph (she-nä-läf'). The ancient name of the Sheliff. Chinandega (che-nan-dā'gä). A town in Nicaragua, Central America, situated about 20 miles northwest of Leon. Population (1889), 8,000. Chin an tecs (che-nän-teks'), or Chinantlas (che-nänt'läs). An ancient tribe of Mexican Indians who at the time of the conquest occupied the Sierra Madre Mountains, about 200 miles southeast of Mexico City. They had little civilization, but were bold warriors, using long lances tipped with obsidian or copper. They had been conquered by the Aztecs, and, anxious to avenge their wrongs, they sent two you sand warriors to aid Cortés in the siege of Mexico. The Chin an tecs are now amalgamated with other tribes. Their language, which was very harsh and guttural, has been preserved only in the "Doctrina" of the mi ionary Barred a, published in 1730. Chinantla (che-nänt'lä). The ancient name for the mountainous region in the northern part of the present state of Oajaca, Mexico, occupied by the Chinantec Indians. China Sea (chỉ nä sẽ). That part of the Pacific Ocean which is included between China, In do China, Borneo, the Philippines, and Formosa. Its chief indentations are the gulfs of Siam and Tongking. It is noted for its typhoons, and notorious for piracy. Sometimes the name is used to include also the Yellow Sea. Chinch a Islands (chin'cha or, as Sp., chēn'chä i'landz). Three small islands in the department of Lima, Peru, in lat. 13° 40′ S., long. 76° 20′ W., 12 miles from Pisco, long noted for their guano deposits, now exhausted. Chinch as (chen'chäz). An ancient people of Peru who occupied the coast valleys south of the Chimu people, in the vicinity of the present site of Lima. They were of Quichua origin, and had attained a considerable degree of civilization before they were conquered by the Inca Tupac Yupanqui, about 1450. Their renowned temples of Rimac and Pachacamac (which see) were preserved by the conquerors and held in great veneration. The cemeteries of the Chinch as were of vast extent, the dead being buried in a sitting position in baskets or sacks. Owing to the dryne of the climate these bodies were naturally desiccated: many have been exhumed, and are the so-called "Peruvian mummies" of the museums. Chin chay coch a (chen-chi-kō'chä), or Laguna de Junin or Reyes. A lake in the department of Junin, Peru, in lat. 10° 50' S., long. 75° 40′ W. Chinchay-suyu (chen-chi-sö'yö), or Chinchasuyu (chen-chä-söʻyö). A great province of the Inca empire of Peru, comprising the region north of Cuzco, including eventually Quito and the region of the Upper Marañon. Chinchero (chen-cha'ro). A village about 15 miles north of Cuzco, Peru. It was an ancient country-seat of the Incas, and Vira-Cocha built a palace there. The walls of this, with the surrounding buildings, remain in an almost perfect state. Chinchew, or Chinchu, or Chincheu (chinchu'). 1. A name given to the city of Changchow, in Fukien, China, 50 miles northeast of Amoy: formerly an important port, and probably identical with the medieval Zaitun or Zayton.-2. A name given by the Spanish and Portuguese (and formerly by the English) to Changchow (which see), southwest of Amoy. Chinchilla (chen-chel'yä). A town in the province of Albacete, Spain, lat. 38° 54′ N., long. 1° 43′ W. Chinch on (chen-chōn'). A small town in Spain, southeast of Madrid. Chinch on, Count of. Viceroy of Peru. See Cabrera Bobadilla Cerda y Mendoza . Chinch on (chen-chōn'), Ana, Counte of, Born at Astorga, Castile, in 1576: died at Car- tagena, Dec., 1639. A Spanish lady, daughter of the eighth Marquis of Astorga. She married Don Luis de Velasco, marquis of Salinas, twice viceroy of Mexico and once of Peru; and, after his death, Don Luis Geronymo de Cabrera, count of Chinch on, who was ap- pointed viceroy of Peru in 1629. During her second res i dence in Lima she was attacked with a tertian ague, and was cured by some powdered Peruvian bark which had been sent to her physician by the corregidor of Loxa, Don Juan Lopez de Canizares. When the counte embarked for Spain she carried a quantity of the bark with her. She died on the voyage, at Cart a gena, Dec., 1639, but it was through her cure that the cinchona bark was first introduced into Europe. In honor of her Linnæus named the genus of quinine-bearing plants Cinchona , or, as it should have been written, Chinch on a . Chindwara (chind-wärä). 1. A district in the Nerbudda division of the Central Provinces, British India, situated about lat. 22° N., long. 79° E. Area, 4,630 square miles. Population (1891), 407,494.-2. The chief town of the district of Chindwara. Chinese (chi-nes' or -nēz'). [From China and -ese ; = F. chino is = chinesisch, etc.] 1. sing . and pl . (plural also formerly Chineses). A native or natives of China; specifically, a member or members of the principal indigenous race of China proper, as distinguished from other Mongoloids, such as the Manchus, the present ruling race in the Chinese empire.-2. The language of China. Sp . chino = Pg . chinez = G. Chinsura It is a monosyllabic tongue, and on this ground is gener. ally cla ed with the other languages of the same character in southeastern Asia, in Further India and the Him a lay as, as constituting the monosyllabic family. It exists in many dialects, of which the so-called Mandarin is the leading and official one. It is composed of only about 500 words, as we should distinguish them in writing, all of them ending in a vowel-sound or in a nasal, although some of the dialects still retain final mutes, lost in Mandarin. This small body of words, however, is raised to 1,500 by differences of the tone of utterance, as rising, falling, even, abrupt, and so on. The language is without inflection, and even without distinction of parts of speech; but words are cla ed as "full" or "empty," according as they are used with their full meaning or as auxiliaries in forming phrases: like our will and have in "I will it," "they have it," on the one hand, and in "they will have seen it," on the other. Chinese records go back to about 2000 B. C., and writing is by signs that represent each a single word in one its senses or in a certain set of senses. The signs are of ideographic or hieroglyphic origin; but the greater part of them at present are compound, and many contain a phonetic element along with an ideographic. They number in the dictionaries about 40,000; but only the smaller part of these are in current and familiar use. They are written in perpendicular columns, and the columns follow one another from right to left. The language and mode of writing have been carried to the neighboring nations that have received their culture from China, especially Japan, Corea, and Annam, and have been more or le borrowed or adopted by such nations. Chinese Empire. An empire of Asia, bounded by Asiatic Ru ia on the north, the Pacific on the east, Tongking and India on the south, and the Pamirs and Asiatic Ru ia on the west. It includes China proper, or the eighteen provinces, and its dependencies, Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet, Eastern Turkestan, and Dzungaria. The independence of Korea is now acknowledged. See China . Chinese Gordon. See Gordon. Chinese Tatary. A name given vaguely to a vast region in the northern and northwestern parts of the Chinese empire, including Mongolia, Dzungaria, Eastern Turkestan: sometimes restricted to Eastern Turkestan. Chinese Turkestan. A dependency of China, sometimes called Little Bokhara, or East Turkestan (which see). Ching-hai (ching-hi'), or Chin-hae (chin-hi'). A seaport in the province of Chekiang, China, 12 miles northeast of Ningpo. It was taken by the English in 1841. Chingiz Khan. See Jenghiz Khan . Chingleput (ching-gle-put'), or Chengalpatt. 1. A district of India, in Madras.-2. The chief town of the district, situated 35 miles southwest of Madras. It was taken by the French in 1751, by Clive in 1752, and was besieged by Hyder Ali 1780-81. Chingú River. See Xingú . Chin-kiang (chin-ke-äng'). A city in the province of Kiangsu, China, in lat. 32° 10′ N., long. 119° 28′ E., situated at the junction of the Grand Canal with the Yangtsz'. It is a treaty port. It was taken by the English July 21, 1842. Population, 135,000. Chingtu (ching-to'). The capital of the province of Szechuen, China, situated on the river MinKiang. Chin-India. See Indo - China . Chinon (she-nôn'). A town. in the department of Indre-et-Loire, France, situated on the Vienne 26 miles southwest of Tours. It contains a ruined castle, a royal residence from the 12th century to the reign of Henry IV. The remains occupy a large rock platform. The exterior walls are ruinous, except the high towers. The royal apartments are chiefly of the 12th century, and include armory, kitchen and other commons, the king's room, the great hall, where Charles VII. first saw Jeanne d'Arc, etc. The great keep is of the 13th century. Chinon has a considerable trade. Population (1891), commune, 6,119. Cininook (chi-nuk'), or Tchinuk, or Tsinuk. [Pl., also Chinooks.] Chinooks .] The principal tribe of the Lower Chinook division of North American Indians. Its former habitat was from Gray's Bay, Washington, on the north shore of Columbia River to its mouth, and the strip of coast northward as far as and including Shoal water Bay. There were 100 left in 1857. There still remain three or four families about six miles above the mouth of the Columbia. See Chinook an . Chinook an (chi-nuk'an). [From Chinook and a linguistic stock of North American Indi Indians, named after the Chinook, the leading tribe. Their former habitat was Oregon and Washington, on both sides of the Columbia River from the Dalles, about 200 miles from its mouth, to the Pacific Ocean, and along the coast in both directions, northward nearly to the northern extremity of Shoal water Bay, Washington, and southward to about Till a mook Head, Oregon, 20 miles from the mouth of the Columbia River. The stock is divided into Upper and Lower Chinook. The principal tribes remaining are the Artsmilsh, Chinook, and Clatsop of the Lower Chinook; and the Cathlamet, Clackama, Wasco, and Watlala of the Upper Chinook. They number between 500 and 600, and are now chiefly on reservations in Oregon and Washington. Chinsura (chin-sö'rä). A town in Bengal, British India, situated on the Hugli 24 miles north stock. They inhabited the lowlands and valleys south and east of the present site of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, and were partially conquered by the Incas of Peru about 1450. In 1572 they repulsed an invasion of the Spaniards under the viceroy Toledo. They were Christian i zed in the 18th or more, inhabit the eastern highlands of Bolivia, in the provinces of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Chuquisaca. Chiriqui (che-re-ke'). A lagoon on the north- ern coast of the isthmus of Panama, west of Asp in wall. Chiron, or Cheiron (ki'ron). [Gr. Χείρων .] In Greek mythology, a centaur, son of Kronos and Philyra. He was the pupil of Apollo and Artemis, the friend and protector of Peleus, and the instructor of Achilles. He was renowned for his wisdom and skill in medicine, hunting, music, and prophecy. He dwelt on Mount Pelion, and on his death was placed by Zeus among Chios (ki'os), or Scio (sī'ō or she'ō). [Turk. Saki- Ada i .] An island in the Ægean Sea, in Shakspere's (?) "Titus Andronicus." west of Asia Minor, in lat. 38° 20′ N., long. Chisedec. See Montagnais . Turkey. It was settled by Ionians; joined the A then i an Confederation about 477 B. C.; revolted 412; came under Roman dominion in the 2d century B. C.; and was IMG:content-0290.png:[blocks in formation] It is noted for a shrine of the Virgin which has been visited by 80,000 pilgrims in one year. Population, about 12,000. Chiquitos (che-ke (che-kē tōs). [Sp.,' 'little.' The first whites who visited their country observed that the houses had very low doors, and erroneously supposed that these Indians were below the medium size (hence the name).] A numerous race of Indians in northeastern Bolivia, on the lowlands bordering the affluents of the into mi ion villages in the 17th century, and were readily Madeira and the Paraguay. They were gathered civilized. The Chiquitos spoke a peculiar language, and were a gentle race, practising agriculture. They were divided into a great number of subtribes, and had no general chief. Other tribes were joined to them in the mi ion villages, and adopted their language. The de scendants of all these are the modern Chiquitos of the same region, numbering about 20,000. Most of them still speak their own language. Chiricahua (che-re-kä'wä). [From two Apache words meaning 'great mountain.'] A tribe of North American Indians near the Gila River. They are included by some writers among the England, 9 miles south of London. It was the residence of Napoleon III. 1871-73, and of Eugénie until 1880. Chisleu (kis-lu'). The ninth month of the He- brew year, corresponding to November-Decem- ber, mentioned in Zach. vii. 1; Neh. i. 1; 1 Мас. i. 54 and iv. 59; 2 Mac. i. 9, 18, x. 5. In A yro- Babylonian, from which the Hebrew names of the months are derived, it is Kislimu or Chislev (R. V.). The name is explained by Haupt to mean 'month of wrath,' by Fried. Delitzsch 'month of clouds.' Chiswick (chiz'ik). A suburb of London, in Middle sex, situated on the Thames 6 miles west of Charing Cro . Population (1891), 21,964. Chiswick House. A villa belonging to the Duke of Devons hire, situated at Chiswick. Fox died here in 1806, and Canning in 1827. Chit i machan (shet-i-mash'an). [Choctaw, 'they po e cooking-ve els.'] A linguistic stock of North American Indians, represented by the She tim ash a, a once populous and pow- erful tribe which inhabited the shores of Grand or Chetimashes Lake, and bayous Plaque mine and Lafourche, Louisiana. In 1718, after a treaty with the French, by whom they were overcome, they re- moved to the mouth of Bayou Lafourche on the Mi is- sippi, near the present Donaldsonville, where their vil- lage still existed in 1784. The remnants of the tribe, about 50 half-breeds, are now on Bayou Plaque mine and at Char ent on, St. Mary's parish, on the southern shore of Bayou Tèche. Chitradurg (chit-ra-dörg'), or Chit tel drug (chit-tel-drög'). The capital of the district of Chitradurg, in Maisur, British India, in lat. 14° 13' N., long. 76° 23′ E. It contains a re- mark able rock-fortre . It was besieged by Hyder Ali in 1776, and taken by him in 1779. Chitrakuta (chit-ra-kö'tä). ['Bright peak.] A hill and district, the modern Chitrakote or Chatarcot, in lat. 25° 12′ N., long. 80° 47′ E. It was the first habitation of Rama and Lakshmana in their exile after leaving Ayodhya, and, as the holiest spot of the worshipers of Rama, was crowded with temples Chitral (chit-räl'). 1. A small state under the supremacy of Cashmere, about lat. 36° N., long. 72° E.-2. town in the state, on the Kunar (or Kashgar) River. Chittagong (chit-ta-gong'). 1. A division in eastern Bengal, British India. Area, 12,118 square miles. Population (1881), 3,574,048. - 2. A district in the Chittagong division, in lat. 21°-23° N., long. 91° 30′-92° E. Area, 2,563 square miles. Population (1891), 1,290,167.- district, situated on the Karnafuli in lat. 220 3. A seaport and chief town of the Chittagong 20' N., long. 91° 50′ E. It has considerable trade. Also called Islam a bad . Population (1891), 24,069. Chittagong Hill Tracts. A district in the Chit- tagong division, Bengal, British India, east the Chittagong district. Area, 5,419 square Salisbury, Conn., March 12, 1766: died at Wil- list on, Vt., Sept. 5, 1840. An American pol i- tician, governor of Vermont 1813-15. He was a son of Thomas Chittenden. Chittenden, Thomas. Born at East Guilford, Conn., Jan. 6, 1730: died at Will is ton, Vt., Chiricahui (che-re-kä'wē). [Opata, properly Chihui- cahui , turkey-mountain; from chihui , tur- key, and cahui , mountain.] A mountain-range of southeastern Arizona, south of the Southern Aug. 25, 1797. An American politician, gov- Pacific Railroad. During the wars with the Apaches, ern or of Vermont 1790-97. and earlier, the Chiricahui were the refuge and strong- Chittim (kit'im). See Kittim . name to that band of the tribe which has become famous ty hold of some of the wildest bands, and they gave their Chitty (chit'i), Joseph. Born 1776: died at writer and special pleader. His works include "A Treatise on Bills of Exchange" (1799), "A Treatise the Law of Nations" (1812), "A Treatise on Criminal Law" (1816), "A Treatise on Commercial Law" (1818), "Reports the Roman Flora.-2. In Greek legend, a daugh- ter of Amphion and Niobe, who with her bro- ther Amyclas escaped when the other children of Niobe were slain by Apollo and Artemis. In her terror she turned perfectly white (whence her name). Another name for her was Melibœa. Chlothar. See Clotaire . Chmielnicki (chmyel-nits'kē), Bogdan. Born 1593: died Aug. 25, 1657. A Co ack hetman of Polish descent, leader of the Co ack revolt about 1648. Choate (chot), Rufus. Born at E ex, Ma ., Oct. 1,1799: died at Halifax, Nova Scotia, July, 13,1859. A distinguished American lawyer, ora- tor, and statesman. He was graduated at Dart mouth Chocó (cho-kō'). A province of the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, embracing the Atrato valley and the region westward to the Pacific. It forms a portion of the present de- part ment of Cauca. Chocolate, Paso de. See Paso de Chocolate. Chocolatière, La Belle. The portrait by Jean Etienne Liotard of Annette Beldauf, a servant in a Vienna café. She married the Prince of Diet rich stein. The picture is in the Dresden gallery. Chocos (chō-kōs'). A race of South American Indians in western Colombia. They were formerly Chocos scattered over the region from the isthmus of Panama southward probably to lat. 4° N., occupying the Pacific coast, the Atrato valley, and extending eastward in some places to the Cauca. It is probable that other and more warlike tribes were interspersed over the same region. They were divided into many small tribes, and their houses, instead of being gathered into villages, were often scattered singly through the forests. It is said that in the marshy Atrato valley they lived in trees. The descendants of the Chocos are either civilized or lead a miserable ex istence in the marshy forests. Choctaw (chok'ta), or Chacatos, or Chactaws, or Chahta. A large tribe or division of North American Indians, whose chief habitat in historic times was the middle and north of Mi i ippi. They were engaged on both sides in the French and English contests ending with 1763. They compre ed the heads of male infants, whence the term "Flatheads" or "Têtes plates," used for them by early writers (not to be confounded with the Flatheads of the Salishan stock). Their present lands are in the southeast angle of Indian Territory. They number about 18,000: 9,996 of them are stated to be of pure blood. See Muskhogean .