yiven)

t. i. [A. S. gif an, giefan, geofan, gyfan (pa. t. ic geaf, pl. we gedfon, pa. par. gifen ); cogn. with Dut. geven; Icel. gefa; Dan. give; Sw. gifva; Goth. gib an; Ger. geben; O. H. Ger. geban; O. Fris. ieva.J A. Transitive : 1. To bestow; to confer or grant, usually without any price or reward. "To thy seed will I give this land."- Genesis xii. 7. 2. To hand over; to deliver. "The woman that thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat." -Genesis iii. 12. 3. To pay as a price or reward, or in exchange. "If you did know to whom I gave the ring, If you did know for whom I gave the ring, You would abate the strength of your displeasure." Shakesp.: Merchant of Venice, v. 4. To grant; to allow; to put in one's power or po e ion. " Give me, says Arch i me des, where to stand firm, and I will remove the earth."- Temple . 5. To yield; not to withhold. "Till I come, me, give attendance to reading, to exhort a tion, to doctrine."-1 Timothy iv. 18. 6. To yield; to resign; to quit. IMG:content-0478.png:[blocks in formation] "All clad in skins of beasts the javelin bear, Give to the wanton winds their flowing hair." Dryden: Virgil's Eneid , vii. 553. "Prepare The due libation and the solemn prayer; Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine." Pope : Homer's Ody ey, iii. 59 IMG:content-0479.png:[blocks in formation] "We never valued this poor seat of England; And therefore, living hence, did give ourself To barbarous licence." Shakesp.: Henry V. , i. 2. 5. To begin to break; as, the weather gives . *6. To weep. "Whose eyes do never give IMG:content-0480.png:[blocks in formation] "Their vices perhaps give back all those advantages which their victories procured." - Atterbury . (2) In trans.: To retire, to retreat; to go back. "He cried out with a most vehement voice, I will walk in the strength of the Lord God. So they gave back and came no farther." -Bunyan: Pilgrim's Progre , pt. i. IMG:content-0481.png:[blocks in formation] 9. To give up : (1) Transitive : (1) Lit .: To bear; to bring forth, as a child. (2) Fig .: To be the origin, source, or cause of. 12. To give chase to : To pursue. IMG:content-0482.png:[blocks in formation] "A better soldier none that Christen dom gives out." Shakesp .: Macbeth , iv. 3. (g) To represent, to pretend; to show or declare falsely. "One that gives out himself Prince Florizel." Shakesp.: Winter's Tale, v. 1. (2) Intransitive : (a) To declare, to represent. (b) To give in; to cease from exertion; to yield, to give way. "Madam, I always believed you so stout That for twenty denials you would not give out." Swift : The Grand Question Debated. IMG:content-0483.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0484.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0485.png:[blocks in formation] given the agent; it is applicable to persons of all conditions: to grant bespeaks not only the will, but the power and influence of the granter: to bestow bespeaks the nece itous condition of the receiver." (2) He thus discriminates between to give , to present, to offer , and to exhibit : "What is given is actually transferred: what is presented , that is, made a present to him; or offered , that is, brought in his way, is put in the way of being transferred: we present in giving , and offer in order to give ; but it may be that we may give without presenting or offering; and on the other hand, we may present or offer without giving. To give is the familiar term which designates the ordinary transfer of property: to present is a term of respect; it includes in it the formality and ceremony of setting before another that which we wish to give : to offer is an act of humility or solemnity; it bespeaks the movement of the heart, which impels to the making a transfer or gift . To exhibit expre es, likewise, the idea of attracting notice also: that which is exhibited is more striking than what is presented or offered ; thus a poem is said to exhibit marks of genius." (3) He thus discriminates between to give up , to yield, to deliver, to surrender, to cede , andłoconcede: We give up that which we wish to retain; we deliver that which we wish not to retain. Deliver does not include the idea of a transfer; but give up implies both the giving from, and the giving to: we give up our house to the accommodation of our friends; we deliver the property into the hands of the owner. Where the action is compulsory, we may either say an officer gives up or surrenders his sword; when the action is discretionary, we may either say he gives up or yields a point of discu ion: give up has, however, an extensivene of application, which gives it an office distinct from either surrender or yield . Cede is properly to surrender by virtue of a treaty: we may surrender a town as an act of nece ity; but the ce ion of a country is purely a political transaction. To concede , which is but a variation of cede , is a mode of yielding which may be either an act of discretion or courtesy." (4) He thus discriminates between to give up , to abandon, to resign , and to forego : "To give up and ubandon both denote a positive decision of the mind; but the former may be the act of the understanding or the will, the latter is more commonly the act of the will and the pa ions: to give up is applied to familiar cases; abandon to matters of importance. To give up and resign are applied either to the outward actions, or merely to the inward movements: but the former is active, it determinately fixes the conduct; the latter seems to be rather pa ive: thus we give up expectations and resign hopes. Forego is comparable with resign , inasmuch as it expre es a pa ive action: were sign that which we have, and we forego that which we might have: we resign the claims which we have already made, we forego the claims which we might make." ( Crabb : Eng. Synon.) given (as givn), *gev-en, *gif-en, *gif fene, *gov-en, *gyf-en, *gyv-en, *gyvyn, *yeve, *yov-en, pa.par.or a. [GIVE.] A. As pa . par .: (See the verb.) B. As adjective : I. Ordinary Language: 1. Bestowed, granted, conferred, imparted. 2. Admitted, supposed, granted, conceded. 3. Addicted, devoted. (Followed by to .) *4. Affected, disposed, inclined. II. Math .: A term applied to something which is supposed to be known: as with a given point as a center and a given radius a circle can be described; or when the ratio between two quantities is known they are said to be in a given ratio.