Cam (kän), Sp

Cano (kä'nō), Diogo. Lived in Cambay (kam-bā'). A state in Guzerat, India. the last part of the 15th century. A Portuguese navigator. He explored the West African coast to the Kongo 1484-85. Cam (kam), or Granta (gran'tä). A river in Cambridge shire, England, which joins the Ouse 34 miles south of Ely. Length, about 40 miles. See Cambridge . Camden, writing in 1586, recognises the Cam as well as the Grant a i on By what name writers termed this River, is question: some call it Granta , others Camus ." Speed's map of Cambridge shire (1610) the name Cam occurs alone, written twice, once above, and once below, Cambridge; Milton personifies it as a river-god in "Lyci das" (1638): "Next Camus, reverend sire, went footing slow, His mantle hairy and his bonnet sedge, Inwrought with figures dim, and on the edge Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe;" and on Loggan's map of Cambridge (1688) the words The River Cam are written out in full, without any other des ignation. On the other hand, so late as 1702, an Act of Parliament for improving the navigation speaks of the River Cham , alias the Grant . Clark , Cambridge, p. 11. Camacho (kä-mä'chō). A rich but unfortunate man in one of the episodes inter Don Quixote. He is cheated out bride, Quiteria, just as he has provided a great feast for his wedding: hence the phrase Camacho's wedding is used to signify great but usele show and expenditure. It is like Camacho's wedding in Don Quixote, where Sancho ladled out whole pullets and fat geese from the soup-kettles at a pull. Hazlitt , Eng. Poets, p. 150. Camanche. See Comanche. Camaralzaman, Prince. See Bad our a . Camarão (kä-mä-rän'), Antonio Felippe. Born in Rio Grande do Norte about 1580: died there in 1648. A Brazilian Indian, chief of the Potyguarés tribe. His Indian name Poty ('shrimp') was translated into the Portuguese Camarão when he was baptized. He joined the Portuguese in the wars against raids into the Dutch territory. His wife, Clara, always the Dutch of Pernambuco, and made several destructive accompanied him and fought by his side, and she is a favorite heroine of Brazilian history. On Aug. 23 and 24, 1636, Camarão and his Indians defeated a regular Dutch force under Art ich of sky. Camarão, Diogo Pinh o Pinheiro. Dates of birth and death not recorded. A Brazilian Indian, nephew of Antonio Felippe Camarão. He was one of the Indian allies of the Portuguese in their wars with the Dutch, and on the death of his uncle in 1648 succeeded him in command of Potyguarés tribe. Camargo (kä-mär-gō') (Marie Anne Cuppi). Born at Bru els, April 15, 1710: died at Paris, April 20, 1770. A celebrated French dancer. Camargo (kä-mär'gō), Diego Muñoz. Born at Tlascala about 1523: date of death not recorded. A Mexican, said to have been the son of a Spaniard by an Indian mother. In 1585 he finished an account of Mexican aboriginal history and customs, and of the conquest. It was first published, in a faulty French translation, in the "Nouvelles annales des voyages" (1845). Camargo, Sergio. Born at Tiravitoba, 1833. A statesman of Colombia. He studied law, but entered the army, attained the highest military rank, and was commander-in-chief and secretary of war. He was several times representative and senator in the Colombian congre , president of the state of Boyacá, and in 1877 presi dent ad interim of Colombia. Camargue (kä-märg'), La. An island in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, France, formed by the bifurcation of the Rhône. Length, 28 miles. Area, about 300 square Camarina (kam-a-ri'nä). [Gr. Καμαρίνα .] In ancient geography, a city on the southern coast of Sicily, 45 miles southwest of Syracuse. It was founded as a Syracusan colony 599 B. C.; a Roman fleet was wrecked near here, 255 B. C. The first destruction of Camarina took place within 46 years of its foundation, B. C. 553. It had revolted from Syracuse, and on being reduced was razed to the ground (Thucyd. vi. 5). On the ce ion of the site to the Geloans, Hippo crates rebuilt the town, which was a second time by Gelo, about B. C. 484. The date and circumstances of its later re-establishment are uncertain. They fall, however, into the time of Pindar, who speaks of Camarina as newly founded. Rawlinson , Herod., IV. 127, note. Cambacérès (kon-bä-sā-rās'), Jean Jacques Régis de. Born at Montpellier, France, Oct. 18, 1753: died at Paris, March 8, 1824. A French statesman and jurist. He became a member of the Convention in 1792; president of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794, and of the Five Hundred in 1796; minister of justice in 1799; 2d consul in 1799; and arch-chancellor of the empire in 1804. He was made duke of Parma in 1808. He published "Projet du code civil" (1796). Indians (which see). Cambel. See Camballo . Cambert (kon-bar'), Robert. Born at Paris in 1628: died at London in 1677. The earliest composer of French opera. He was a ociated with the Abbé Perrin in the production of French opera for 32 years, after which, Perrin having lost the Académie through the influence of Lully, he went to England and became "Master of the Music to Charles II." Among his operas are "La Pastorale," which was the first French opera, "Pomone" (1671), etc. Camber well (kam'ber-wel). A parliamentary borough in the southern part of London, county of Surrey. Population (1891), 235,312. Cambina (kam-bīna). A daughter of the fairy Agape in Spenser's "Faerie Queene." She has magic powers, and in the end marries Camballo, or Cambel. Cambini (käm-bēnē), Giovanni Giuseppe. Born at Leghorn, Italy, Feb. 13, 1746: died at the Bicêtre, near Paris, in 1825. An Italian violinist, and composer of symphonies, quartets, etc. Cambodia (kam-bō'di-ä), or Camboja, or Kamboja (kam-bō'jä). [Malay Kamboja .] A dependency of France in southeastern Asia, bounded by Siam on the northwest and north, Annam on the east, French Cochin-China on the southeast, and the Gulf of Siam on the southwest. Its surface is generally level, and it is traversed by the Mekong. Pnom-Penh is its capital, and its seaport is Kampot. It was formerly a kingdom of large extent, but became a protectorate under French rule in 1863, and is now united with other French dependencies in In do China. Area, 38,600 square miles. Population, about 1,500,000, Cambodia River. See Mekong . Cambon (kon-bon'), Joseph. Born at Montpellier, France, June 17, 1754: died at Bru els, Feb. 15, 1820. A French revolutionist. He was a member of the Legislative A embly in 1791, of the Convention in 1792, and of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793. Camboricum (kam-bor'i-kum), or Camboritum. The Roman name of an ancient town which occupied the site of the modern Cambridge, England. See Cambridge. Camboricum was without doubt a very important town, which commanded the southern fens. It had three forts or citadels, the principal of which occupied the district called the Castle-end in the modern town of Cambridge, and appears to have had a bridge over the Cam or Granta; of the others, one stood below the town, at Chester ton, and the other above it, at Gran chester. Wright, Celt, p. 135. Camborne (kam'born). A mining town in Cornwall, England, situated 12 miles southwest of Truro. Population (1891), 14,700. Cambyses I. Cam.] The capital of Cambridge shire, England, situated on the Cam in lat. 52° 12′ Ν., long. 0° 6' E. It is the seat of a famous university (which see). Cambridge is probably on the site of a British town and of the Roman Camboritum. It had a castle (now destroyed), founded by William the Conqueror. Population (1891), 36,983. Cambridge. A city in Middle sex County, Ma achusetts, separated from Boston by the Charles River, and practically a suburb of Bos ton. It is the seat of Harvard University. It has in its manufacturing quarters (East Cambridge, Cambridge port) manufactures of iron, etc. It was founded by English colonists under Winthrop in 1630, and called at first New town; its name was changed to Cambridge after the founding of Harvard College, in honor of Cambridge, England, where some of the early colonists were graduated. It was occupied by the American army 1775-76. Incorporated as a city 1846. Population (1890), 70,028. Cambridge (kām brij) (Adolphus Frederick), Duke of. Born at London, Feb. 24, 1774: died July 8, 1850. An English general, youngest son of George III. He was viceroy of Hannover 1831-37. Cambridge (George William Frederick Charles), Duke of. Born at London, March 26, 1819. An English general, son of the Duke of Cambridge. He served at Alma and Inkerman in 1854, and was commander-in-chief of the army 1856-95. Cambridge, University of. A celebrated university at Cambridge, England. It was a center of learning in the 12th century, and in 1231 Henry III. i ued writs for the regulation of Cambridge "clerks." It contains twenty colleges: St. Peter's, founded as a hospital in 1257, converted into a college by Hugh de Balsham 1280-86; Clare, by Richard Badew in 1326 as University Hall, refounded by the Counte of Clare in 1359; Pembroke, by the Counte of Pembroke in 1347; Gonville and Caius, by Gonville in 1348 and Caius in 1558; Trinity Hall, by Bateman in 1350; Corpus Christ i, or Benet College, by Cambridge gilds in 1352; King's, by Henry VI. in 1441; Queens', by Margaret of Anjou in 1448 and Elizabeth Woodville in 1465; St. Catherine's, by Woodlark in h3: Jesus by Alcock in 1496; Christ's, by William Bing. ham as a school in 1439, refounded by Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII., in 1505; St. John's, founded as a hospital in 1135, refounded in 1511 by Margaret Beaufort; Magdalene, established as a hostel for students in 1428, given to Lord Audley who founded it as a college in 1519; Trinity, by Henry VIII. in 1546 on several earlier found a tions; Emmanuel, by Mildmay in 1584; Sidney Su ex, by the Counte of Su ex in 1595; Downing, by Sir George Downing, died 1749 (charter in 1800); Ayerst Hall, founded in 1884, "to provide an economical education for theological students and others"; Cavendish College, in 1873, by an a ociation, for younger students; Selwyn College, in 1882, in memory of George August us Selwyn. (See these names.) The university library contains about 500,000 volumes, 5,723 manuscripts; the library of Trinity College, 90,000 volumes. In 1896-97 it had 2,941 undergraduate students and about 120 instructors. Cambridge Platform. A declaration of principles respecting church government and doctrine adopted by a synod, composed of representatives of the Congregational churches of New England, held at Cambridge, Ma achusetts, in 1648. Cambridge port (kām'brij-port). A manufacturing district of the city of Cambridge, Ma achusetts, lying on the Charles River, opposite Boston, 14 miles west of the state-house. Cambridge shire (kām'brij-shir), or Cambridge. An eastern county of England, lying between Lincoln on the north, Norfolk and Suffolk on the east, E ex and Hertford on the south, and North amp ton, Hunting don, and Bed kon-bra'). [Rom. Camera cum , later Camaracus ; G. Camerik or Kambryk , LL. Camarācum .] A town in the department of Nord, France, on the Schelde in lat. 50° 10' N., long. 3° 14′ Ε. It has been long noted for the manufacture of cambrics, which derived their name from it. It is a fortre , and contains a cathedral and citadel. It was as finally acquired by France in 1678. Fénelon and Dubois were archbishops of Cambrai. Population of commune (1891), 24,122. Cambray, League of. An alliance between Louis XII. of France, the emperor Maximilian I., Ferdinand "the Catholic" of Spain, and Pope Julius II., formed here, Dec. 10, 1508, the object of which was the partition of the Ve netian territories. Cambray, Peace of. A peace negotiated at Cambray, Aug. 5, 1529, between Francis I. of France and Charles V. France abandoned Italy to the emperor and relinquished her claim to suzerainty over Flanders and Artois; her title to the duchy of Burgundy was recognized. Called "La paix des dames" (Ladies' Peace'), because the preliminaries were conducted by Louise, mother of Francis I., and Margaret, aunt of Charles V. Camballo (kam-bal'o). The second son of Cambria (kam'bri-ä). The Latin name of Cam bus can in Chaucer's "Squire's Tale." He Wales. is introduced by Spenser, who calls him Cam- Cam brian Shakspere. A name given to Ed bel, in the "Faerie Queene." Cambaluc (kam-ba-lök'). The name given by Marco Polo to Khambalu or Khan baligh, a Mongol designation of the city of Tatu, now the Tatar portion of Peking (which see). ward Williams. Cambridge (kām'brij). [ME. Cambrigge , Cam brig , Cantebrigge ; earlier Grantebrigge , Graunte brigge , AS. Grantabrycg , Grantanbrycg, 'bridge of (the river) Granta'; L. Cant a brig i a. See Cambyses I. skrit kab , to praise, and uji , speaker. The Greeks inserted the euphonic m before the b. An Aryan people existed in the northwest corner of India under the name of Kamboja , which has survived as the name of a country bordering on Siam.] A Persian king whose historical character is doubtful. In the genealogy of Xerxes, as given by Hero dot us, both he and his son Cyrus are omitted, and Diodorus, where he gives this name, seems to mean the father of Cyrus the Great. On the other hand, a Cambyses is mentioned whose sister was the ancestre in the fourth degree of one of the seven conspirators. Po ibly Cambyses I. was one of the sons of Theïspes (on the cuneiform monuments Chishpaïsh), and grandson of Achæ menes. Cambyses II. The son and succe or of Cyrus I., and father of Cyrus II., called "The Great." According to Hero dot us he was merely a Persian noble man, but Xenophon states that he was king of the country, and his statement is confirmed by native records. Cambyses III. The son and succe or of Cyrus the Great, 529-522 B. C. He is depicted as despotic and tyrannical. He defeated Psammetichus III. (called by the Greeks Psammenit), king of Egypt, in the battle of Pelusium (525 B. c.), and incorporated that country in the Persian empire. His expeditions against Ammon and Ethiopia were unfortunate. While he was devastating Egypt, an impostor a uming the name of his brother Bardiya (called by the Greeks Smerdis) who was secretly a a inated at Cambyses's instigation, forced him to return to Persia, but he died on the way from a wound inflicted by himself. Cambyses, King of Persia. A play by Thomas Preston, written as early as 1561. "In allusion to a pa age in it, 'Cambyses vein' has, in consequence of its being cited by Shakspere, become proverbial for rant, [but] the language of the play is in no instance specially obnoxious charge." Ward. Camden (kam'den). A town in Kershaw County, South Carolina, near the Wateree River 32 miles northeast of Columbia. Here, Aug. 16, 1780, the British under Cornwall is defeated the Americans under Gates: the lo of the Americans was about 2,000, including De Kalb. Near here, at Hobkirk's Hill, April 25, 1781, the British under Rawdon defeated the Americans under Greene. The first battle is also called the battle of Sanders' Creek. Camden. A city and port of entry, capital of Camden County, New Jersey, situated on the Delaware River opposite Philadelphia. It is a railway center, and is noted for its manufactures and ship-building. Population (1890), 58,313. Camden, Earl. See Pratt , Charles . Camden (kam'den), William. Born at London, May 2, 1551: died at Chisel hurst, Kent, Nov. 9, 1623. A noted English historian and antiquary. His chief works are "Britannia" (1586), "Annales rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum regnante Elizabeth a" (1615). Camden Society. An English historical society formed in 1838 for the publication of documents relating to English history: named from William Camden. Camden Town. A northern quarter of London, east of Regent's Park. "[It] takes its name from the first Earl of Camden, who acquired large property here by his marriage with Mi Geffreys." Hare , I. 221. Camel, Battle of the. Fought at Basra, 656. Calif Ali defeated the rebels Talha, Zobair, and Ayesha (the latter being present on a camel). Camel ford (kam'el-ford). A town in Cornwall, England, situated 15 miles west of Launces ton. It is one of the places identified as the Camelot of the Arthur i an cycle, and a traditional scene of the final battle between Arthur and Modred. Camel on (kam'el-on), in Scotland. See the extract. At Camel on, on the Firth of Forth, we found the site of the battle that closed the career of the historical Arthur in 537. Stuart Glennie, Arthur i an Localities, iii. 2. Camelopard a lis (ka-mel-oor kam"ē-lō-pär'dalis). The Camelopard, a northern constellation formed by Bartsch and named by Hevelius. It is situated between Cepheus, Perseus, Ursa Major and Minor, and Draco. As given by Hevelius, the name was Camelopard alus. Camelot (kam'e-lot). A legendary spot in England where Arthur was said to have had his palace and court, and where the Round Table Shakspere alludes to it in "Lear," ii. 2, 79. "Goose, if I had you upon Sarum plain, I'd drive ye cackling home to Camelot." was. This is supposed to be in allusion to the fact that great quantities of geese were bred on the moors near Camelot in Somersets hire. Capell maintained that Camelot was, or was near, Winchester. Caxton locates Wales. Tennyson alludes to it in "The Lady of Shalott" and in the "Idylls." Camel's Hump. One of the chief peaks of the Green Mountains, Vermont. It is west of Montpelier. Height, about 4,000 feet. Camenæ (ka-me'nē). In Italian mythology, four prophetic divinities: by Roman poets identified with the Muses. Camenz. See Kamenz . IMG:content-0251.png:[blocks in formation] letters (1569). Camerarius, Rudolf Jakob. Born at Tübingen, Würtemberg, Feb. 12, 1665: died at Tübingen, Sept. 11, 1721. A German physician and botanist, author of "De sexu plant arum epistola" (1694), etc. Camerino (kä-mā-rēnō). A town in the province of Macer at a, Italy, in lat. 43° 9′ N., long. 13° 5' E. It was the ancient Camerinum. It was annexed to the Papal States in the middle of the 16th cen tury. Cameron (kam'e-ron), James Donald. Born at Middle town, Dauphin County, Pa., May 14, 1833. An American politician. He graduated at Princeton in 1852, was president of the Northern Central Railway Company of Pennsylvania 1863-74, and was secretary of war under President Grant May 22, 1876, March 3, 1877, when he was elected a United States senator from Pennsylvania as a Republican. Cameron, John. Born at Glasgow about 1579: died at Montauban, France, 1625 1625. A Scottish theologian, an advocate of "pa ive obedience." He became profe or of divinity at Saumur, and later at Montauban. His followers in France were called Cameron i tes (which see). Cameron, Richard. Born at Falkland, Fifes hire, Scotland: killed near Aird's Mo , Ayrshire, Scotland, July 20, 1680. A noted Scottish Presbyterian minister, and leader of the Covenanters. His followers, a sect of Scottish di enters, were called Cameron i ans (which see). been killed by her brothers. Camille. An English version of the French play "La dame aux camélias." The Marguerite of the French play is Camille in this. See Dame aux camélias . Camillo (ka-mil'ō). 1. A Sicilian noble in Shakspere's "Winter's Tale." He saves Polixenes and induces Leontes to protect Florizel and Perdita.- 2. The husband of Vittoria Corombona in Webster's tragedy "The White Devil."-3. A character in Dryden's play "The A ignation." Camillus (ka-mil'us). 1. A newspaper pseudonym of Fisher Ames.-2. A pseudonym of Alexander Hamilton. Camillus, Marcus Furius. Died 365 в. с. А Roman general. He was several times dictator, took Veii in 396 (392), and after the sack of Rome by Brennus in 390 (388) defeated the Gauls. Caminha (kä-men' 'yä), Pedro Vaz de. A Portu guese who accompanied Pedro Alvares Cabral in 1500 as secretary of the proposed factory at Calicut. He wrote a letter, still preserved in Lisbon, which is the oldest extant description of the discovery of Brazil. This was first published by Muñoz, 1790, and there are subsequent editions. Caminha probably perished in the ma acre at Calicut, Dec. 16, 1500. Camisards (kam'i-zärdz). A name given to the French Protestants of the Cévennes who took up arms in defense of their civil and religious liberties early in the 18th century: so called from the white blouses worn by the peas ants who were the chief actors in the insurrec tion. having about 1855 identified himself with the People's party, he was in 1856 returned to the Senate as a RepubMarch 4, 1861, Jan. 11, 1862, when he was appointed United States minister to Ru ia, a post which he resigned the following year. He served as senator from Pennsylvania 1866-77, when he resigned and was succeeded by his son James Donald Cameron. He was secretary of war in the cabinet of Lincoln, Cameron, Verney Lovett. Born July 1, 1844: died March 26, 1894. A noted English explorer. As a naval officer he was chosen in 1872, by the Royal Geographical Society, to lead an expedition in search of Living stone. In March, 1873, he started from Bagamoyo, In Unyanyembe he met Living stone's body, but proceeded to Lake Tanganyika. His two European a istants died soon, and he had to carry on his explorations alone. He circumnavigated the Tanganyika, discovered the Lukuga, and made his way through Urua and southern Lunda to Benguella and Loanda, where he arrived in Nov., 1875. He was the first explorer to cro Africa from east to west. His "Acro Africa" appeared in 1876. In 1878 he made a railroad survey in Asia Minor and Persia. Since 1887 he has lectured and written on antislavery. Cameron i ans (kam-e-rō'ni-anz). 1. The followers of Richard Cameron in Scotland. They refused to accept the indulgence granted to the Presby terian clergy in the persecuting times of Charles II., lest by so doing they should be understood to recognize his ecclesiastical authority. They were known at first as The Societies, but were afterward organized as the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland, most of which in 1876 was merged in the Free Church. Camoens (in Portuguese spelling, Camões) Born at Lisbon (1) in 1524 (?): died at Lisbon, June 10, 1580. A celebrated Portuguese poet. He was of gentle birth, and was educated at Coimbra. On leaving college he returned to Lisbon, and quickly became accustomed to court life and manners. His romantic pa ion for Donna Cater in a de Ataide, a high-born lady in attendance on the queen, with the jealousy of another lover and the dislike of her father, was one of the principal reasons for his banishment from Lisbon about 1547. In 1550 he, having joined the army of Africa, lost the sight of his right eye in a naval engagement at Ceuta, After a carele and somewhat di olute period, he was cast into prison in 1553 for wounding one of the king's equerries in a street fracas. He was pardoned on condition of his immediate embarkation for India. He reached Goa in the same year. He joined several naval expeditions, and on his return to Goa he devoted his pen to the exposure of the abuses so rife in the East, and became very unpopular in consequence. After seventeen years of adventure and suffering from persecution and imprisonment in Gou, Macao, Mozambique, and Sofala, he was allowed to return to Portugal in 1570. "He lived poor and neglected, and so died," is said to have been placed on a marble tablet to his memory on the wall of the church of the convent of Santa Anna, both church and tablet having been destroyed by earthquake in 1775. His great epic, "Os Lusiadas" ("The Lusiad": which see), written during his banishment, and perfected in his humble home in Lisbon, was first published in 1572. Its succe was great, and a second edition was published in the same year; but this only added to the malice with which he was regarded at court, and when in 1578 the young king Dom Sebastian went to Africa on his fatal expedition, Bernardes, a courtier and poet, was selected to go with him and sing his triumphs. After the defeat and death of the king "Camoens went as one dreaming." Thirty-eight editions of the "Lusiad" were published in Lisbon before 1700. There are translations in nearly every European language. The first English translation was by Sir Richard Fanshawe, 1655. Mickle's translation appeared in 1776, Musgrave's in 1826, Quill in an's (five cantos) in 1853, Sir Thomas Mitchell's in 1854. Camoens's influence and efforts preserved the Portuguese language from destruction during gow, profe or of theology at Saumur and elsewhere. They were condemned by the Synod of Dort. Cameroon River. See Kamerun River . Came roons. See Kamerun . Cames (kä-mes'). A wild tribe in the southwestern part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. They arose in the 16th and 17th centuries from the mixture of Indian hordes with fugitive negro and mulatto slaves. At one time they were very numerous, and dangerous enemies of the whites. A few hundred only remain, in the western part of the state. of Camilla (ka-mil'ä). [L. Camilla .] 1. A virgin warrior queen of the Volscians, daughter of King Metabus of Privernum. She figures in Vergil's Æneid. She came to the a istance Turnus, and was treacherously slain by Aruns. -2. A lady in Lyly's "Euphues" with whom Philautus falls in love.-3. An opera by Owen McSwiney, translated from the Italian in 1706. -4. A novel by Madame d'Arblay, published in 1796. of the court was Castilian. His minor works, or "Rimas, were sonnets, comedies, eclogues, ballads, and epigrams. Camonica (kä-mon'ē-kä), Val. The valley of the Oglio in its upper course, in Lombardy, Italy, north of the Lago d'Iseo. Camp, The. A play by Tickell, attributed to Sheridan, produced in 1778. Doran , Annals, II. 137. Campagna (käm-pänʻyä). A town in the province of Salerno, situated 19 miles east of Salerno. Population, 6,000. Campagna di Roma (käm-pän'yvä dē rõʻmä). A large plain in Italy, surrounding Rome, lying between the Mediterranean and the Sabine and Alban Mountains. It corresponds in great part to the ancient Latium. It is of volcanic formation, and has been for centuries noted for its malarious climate, though in antiquity it was covered with villas and towns and was brought to a high state of cultivation. It has been reclaimed in part. Campaign, The. A poem by Add is on celebrating the battle of Blenheim, published in 1704. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Campan The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Campan (kon-pon'). A town in the depart- ment of Hautes-Pyrénées, situated on the river Adour 18 miles southeast of Tarbes. It is noted for its picturesque scenery. Campan, Madame (Jeanne Louise Henriette Genest). Born at Paris, Oct. 6, 1752: died at Mantes, France, March 16, 1822. A French teacher. She was, at the age of fifteen, appointed reader to the three daughters of Louis XV., was for nearly twenty years first lady of the bedchamber to Marie Antoinette, and narrowly escaped during the storming of the Tuiler ies by the mob, Aug. 10, 1792. After the fall of Robes pierre, she opened a boarding-school for young ladies at Saint-Germain, and in 1806 was appointed by Napoleon superintendent of the school at Ecouen for daughters, sisters, and nieces of officers of the Legion of Honor, a post Campas (kämpäs). A tribe of Indians in east- ern Peru, a branch of the Antis, if not the same as that tribe. See Antis . Campaspe (kam-pas'pe). The favorite concu- bine of Alexander. She is said to have been the model of the famous Venus Anadyomene of Apelles. Also Pancaste , Pacate . Campbell (kam'bel; Sc. pron. kam'el), Alex- ander. [The name Campbell , more correctly spelled Cambell , is from Gael. Caimbeul , lit. 'wry- mouth,' from cam , wry, and beul , mouth.] Born near Bally men a, na, in the county of Antrim, Ire- land, Sept. 12, 1788: died at Bethany, W. Va., March 4, 1866. A clergyman, founder (about 1827) of the sect "Disciples of Christ," or "Campbell i tes." He came to America în 1809. He established the "Christian Baptist" in 1823, which was merged in 1830 in the "Millennial Harbinger." Campbell, Archibald, second Earl of Argyll. Killed at Flodden, 1513. Son of the first Earl Campbell, Archibald, fourth Earl of Argyll. Died 1558. Grandson of the second Earl of Argyll, and a leading supporter of the Refor- mation. He commanded the right wing of the Scottish army at the battle of Pinkie in 1547, and in the following year rendered important service at the siege of Hadding- ton. He embraced the Reformation, and was a warm supporter of Knox, whom he entertained at Castle Camp- bell in 1556. Campbell, Archibald, fifth Earl of Argyll. Died Sept. 12, 1573. Son of the fourth Earl of Argyll, and a supporter of Mary Queen of Scots. He was originally one of the leaders of the Lords of the Congregation, but afterward became a partizan of Mary Queen of Scots, was a party to the murder of Darnley and the marriage of Both well, and commanded the queen's forces at Lang side, May 13, 1568. He made his submi ion to the Earl of Moray in 1569, and in 1572 was appointed Marquis of Argyll. Beheaded at Edinburgh, May 27, 1661. A Scottish nobleman. He sided with the Covenanters; became marquis in 1641; and was defeated by Montrose in 1645. sided with Charles II. after the death of Charles I., but submitted later to Crom- well. At the Restoration he was executed for treason. Campbell, Archibald, ninth Earl of Argyll. Beheaded at Edinburgh, June 30, 1685. Son of the eighth Earl of Argyll. He supported the Royalists in the civil wars, and Charles II. after the Res- of the reign of Charles II., on the charge of treason. He to ration. He was obliged to leave Scotland at the end landed in Scotland in 1685 to take part in Mon mouth's rising, and was executed for treason. Campbell, Archibald, first Duke of Argyll. Died Sept. 20 (287), 1703. Son of the ninth Earl of Argyll, created duke 1701. He favored the Revolution, and was one of the commi ioners who offered the Scottish crown to William and Mary at Lon- don in 1689. Campbell, Archibald, third Duke of Argyll. Born at Petersham, Surrey, in June, 1682: died April 15, 1761. A Scottish statesman, brother of the second Duke of Argyll. He was a firm sup- porter of Walpole, by whom he was intrusted with the chief management of Scotch affairs. Hewas appointed lord keeper of the privy seal in 1725, and keeper of the great seal in 1734, which latter post he occupied until his death. Campbell, Colin, first Earl of Argyll. Died 1493. A Scottish nobleman, created earl in 1457. He was one of the conspirators against Campbell, Colin, Baron Clyde. Born at Glas- gow, Oct. 20, 1792: died at Chas am, England, Aug. 14, 1863. A British field-marshal. He served with distinction at Chilli an wall a and Gujerat, 1849, and at the Alma and Balaklava, 1854; was commander-in- chief in Bengal in 1857; rescued Havelock and Outram at Lucknow and then relieved Cawnpore, and recaptured Luck- now in 1858. He was made a K. C. B. in 1849, and was ele- vated to the peerage as Baron Clyde of Clydesdale in 1858. Campbell, George. Born at Aberdeen, Scot- land, Dec. 25, 1719: died there, April 6, 1796. A Scottish theologian and philosophical writer. He was ordained in 1748, became minister at Aberdeen in 1757, and in 1759 was appointed principal of Marischal College. His chief works are "Di ertation on Miracles" (1762), "Philosophy of Rhetoric" (1776), and "Translation of the Gospels" (1789). Campbell, George Douglas, eighth Duke of Argyll. Born April 30, 1823. A Scottish states- man and writer. He was lord privy seal 1853-55; postmaster-general 1855-58; lord privy seal 1859-66; sec- retary for India 1868-74; and lord privy seal 1880-81. His chief works include "The Reign of Law" (1866), "Scot- land as It Was and as It Is" (1887). Campbell, John, second Duke of Argyll. Born 1678: died 1743. A Scottish general and states- man, son of the first Duke of Argyll. He took part in effecting the union; commanded at Sheriff muir in 1715; and sided at different times with the Whigs and Tories. He was created duke of Green wich in 1719. Campbell, John, Baron Campbell. Born near Cupar, Fife, Scotland, Sept. 15, 1779: died at London, June 23, 1861. A British jurist, pol i- tician, and author. He became chief justice of the Queen's Bench in 1850, and was lord chancellor of Eng- (1845-48), "Lives of the Chief Justices" (1849-57), etc. Campbell, Sir Neil. Born May 1, 1776: died in Sierra Leone, Africa, Aug. 14, 1827. A British at officer, commi ioner during Napoleon's stay Elba, 1814-15. Campbell, Thomas. Born at Glasgow, July 27, 1777: died at Boulogne, France, June 15, 1844. A British poet, critic, and miscellaneous writer. Campbell's Station. A village in Tenne ee, situated 12 miles southwest of Knoxville. Here, Nov. 16, 1863, the Federals under Burnside repulsed the Confederates under Long street. Campe (käm'pe), Joachim He in rich. Born at Deensen, in Brunswick, Germany, June 29, 1746: died near Brunswick, Oct. 22, 1818. A German lexicographer and writer of juveniles. His works include "Robinson der Jüngere" (1779), "Die Entdeckung von Amerika" (1781), a German dictionary (1807-11), etc. Campeche (käm-pā'cha), or Campeachy (kam- pēchē). A state of Mexico, forming the south- western part of the peninsula of Yucatan. Area, Area, 21,797 21, square miles. Population (1892), Campenon (kon-pe-non'), François Nicolas Vincent. Born in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, March 29, 1772: died near Paris, Nov. 24, 1843. A French poet and general writer. He wrote "Voyage de Grenoble à Chambéry" (1795: prose and verse), "L'Enfant prodigue" (1811), etc. Camper (käm'pėr), Pieter. Born at Leyden, Netherlands, May 11, 1722: died at The Hague, Netherlands, April 7, 1789. A Dutch physician and anatomist, noted for researches in compar- ative anatomy. Camper down (kam-per-doun'), D. Cam perdu in (käm-per-do in'). A village in the Netherlands, situated 27 miles north-northwest of Amster- dam. Off here, Oct. 11, 1797, the English fleet under Dun- can defeated the Dutch fleet under De Winter. Lo of the English, 1,040; of the Dutch 1,160, and 6,000 prisoners. Camper down. See Victoria (battle-ship). Campero (käm-pā'rō), Narciso. Born at Tojo, now in Argentina, in 1815. A Bolivian soldier and statesman. In 1872 he was minister of war for a short time. When the war with Chile broke out (1879) he raised an army in southern Bolivia, but was unable to reach Tarapaca before the Chilians conquered that prov- ince of Peru. After the fall of Daza he was elected pres- ident of Bolivia (April 9, 1880), took command of the al- lied Bolivian and Peruvian armies at Tacna, Peru, and was defeated at the battle of Tacna (May 26, 1880). His term ended Aug. 1, 1884. Camp hausen (kämp'hou-zen), Ludolf. Born at Hünshoven, near Aachen, Pru ia, Jan. 3, 1803: died at Cologne, Dec. 3, 1890. A Prus- sian politician, president of the ministry 1848. Camp hausen, Otto. Born at Hünshoven, near Aachen, Pru ia, Oct. 21, 1812: died May 17, 1896. A Pru ian politician, brother of Ludolf Camphuysen (kämp'hoi-zen) o'hoi-zen), Dirk Rafaëlsz. Born at Gorkum, Netherlands, 1586: died at Dokkum, Fries land, July 9, 1627. A Dutch (1819), short lyrics ("Lochiel's Warning," "Hohenlinden," "Mariners of England," "Battle of the Baltic," etc.). Campbell, Lord William. Died Sept. 5, 1778. A younger brother of the fifth Duke of Argyll, colonial governor of South Carolina 1775–76. Campbell Island. [Discovered by Captain Ha- zelburgh of the whaler Perseverance, and named him for the busine house in Sydney which McLeod Campbell, a minister of the Church of Scotland, who, when deposed in 1831 for teach- ing the universality of the atonement, founded a separate congregation. IMG:content-0254.png:[blocks in formation] horse-races, ball-playing, and other athletic sports; it was Canandaigua Lake. A lake in western New surrounded by the finest monuments of the city, and pre York. Length, 15 miles. sented an imposing spectacle delt is now occupied by the Cananore, most important quarter of modern Camulodunum. See Col chester . Camus (kä-mü'), Armand Gaston. Born at Paris, April 2, 1740: died Nov. 2, 1804. A French revolutionist. He was deputy to the States- General in 1789, and to the Convention in 1792; and presi- dent of the Council of Five Hundred in 1796. He wrote "Lettres sur la profe ion d'avocat" (1772-77), etc. Cana (kā'nä). In New Testament history, a vil- lage of Galilee, Palestine, the scene of two of Christ's miracles. It has been identified with Kefr- Kenna, and with Kana-el-Jelil (both near Nazareth). Cana, Marriage at. See Marriage at Cana . Canaan (kanan). 1. The fourth son of Ham (Gen. ix. 25 ff., x. 6-15).-2. More frequently, Land of Canaan' (Gen. xi. 31, xii. 5; Isa. xxiii. 11; Zeph. ii. 5, etc. interpreted to mean 'low- land,' from Semitic kană , to humble, subdue), generall generally denoting in the Old Testament the country west of the Jordan and the Dead Sea to the Mediterranean. As the name "lowland" would indicate, originally it comprised only the strip of land, from 10 to 15 miles in breadth and 150 in length, shut in between the Lebanon and the Mediterranean, and extend- ing from the Bay of Antioch to the promontory of the Care mel, i . e. southern Phenic i a. To this maritime plain of the Phenic i ans and Philistines pa ages like Isa. xxiii. 11, Zeph. ii. 5 refer. Later the name was extended to the whole west-Jordanic territory. Thus also in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets, which date back a century before the exodus, Ki- nakk , or Canaan, denotes the district between the cities of of which the Greek φοίνιξ (see Phenic i a ) is a translation. 3. The non-Israel it ish inhabitants of Palestine Campo-Formio (käm-po-for'me-o), or Campo- province of Udine, in northeastern Italy, 6 miles southwest of Udine. Here, Oct. 17, 1797, a treaty was concluded between France and Austria. Austria (more frequently in the plural, "the Canaan- ceded the Belgian provinces, recognized the Cisalpine ites"). The origin and affinities of the various Republic, and received the greater part of the Venetian tribes are still disputed. IMG:content-0255.png:[blocks in formation] buildings on the Via Cata, corresponding closely to the modern Corso. Under August us, however, a great extent of the plain still remained free, and served for chariot-and Canace (kan'a-sē). [Gr. Kaνάκη .] 1. In Greek legend, a daughter of Æolus and Enarete, put to death on account of her illicit love for her brother Mac are us. She is introduced in Gower's "Confe io A mantis" (book iii.), from Ovid. Chaucer re- fers to the story in the introduction to his "Man of Law's Tale." 2. The daughter of Cam bus can in Chaucer's eration of provinces in British North America. It is bounded by the Arctic on the north, the department of Labrador and the Atlantic on the east, the United States on the south, and the Pacific and Alaska on the West Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Manitoba, British Columbia, and the Northwest Territories (with A ini boi a, Saskatchewan, Athabasca, and Alberta). The Amer- ican Arctic islands are sometimes included with the Do- minion. Its chief physical features are the St. Lawrence valley, the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie river systems (with their numerous large lakes, Great Bear, Great Slave, Athabasca, Winnipeg, etc.), Hudson Bay, the great plains, the "Height of Land," Labrador plateau, and the Rocky and Cascade mountains. Mt. Logan, in lat. 60° 34′ Ν., 26 miles to the northeast of Mt. St. Elias, is said to have an elevation of 19,514 feet. Its capital is Ottawa, and its government consists of a governor-general and Parliament (Senate and House of Commons). It exports timber, cheese, wheat, coal, cattle, etc. Canada was explored by Cartier 1534-35. It was permanently settled at Quebec 1608 by the French, and called New France. It was ceded to Great Britain in 1763. The Americans attacked it un- succe fully in the Revolution and in the War of 1812. Unsucce ful rebellion 1837-38. The provinces reunited in 1841, and the confederation was formed in 1867. The Red River Rebellion, under Louis Riel, took place in 1869- 1870, and the second Riel rebellion in 1885. In 1886 the Canadian Pacific Railway was opened. Area, 3,315,647 square miles. Population (1891), 4,829,411. Canadian River. A river in New Mexico, northern Texas, Oklahoma, and the Indian Territory, which rises in New Mexico, and joins the Arkansas 25 miles south of Tahle- quah. Length, 800-900 miles. Its chief affluent is the North Fork, in Indian Territory. Length, about 600 miles. Cancale (kon-käl'). A seaport in the depart- ment of Ille-et-Vilaine, France, situated on St. Michael's Bay 10 miles east-northeast of St. Malo. Population (1891), Cancao (kän-kou'), or Kang-Kao (käng-kou'). [Chin. Ha Tian .] A seaport in French Cochin China, situated on the Gulf of Siam in lat. 10° 15′ N., long. 104° 50′ E. Cancer (kan'sér). [L., 'a crab.'] A cons tell a- tion and also a sign of the zodiac, represented by the form of a crab, and showing the limits of the sun's course northward in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice. Marked. Cancha-Rayada (kän'chä-rä-yä'dä). A plain just north of the city of Talca, Chile. On March 28, 1814, a division of the patriot army was defeated there, and on March 19, 1818, the army commanded by Generals San Martin and O'Higgins was defeated at the same place by a night attack of the Spanish troops under General Osorio. It derived its name from a racing-track for horses. Antonio. Born at Venice, Oct. 18, 1697: died there, Aug. 20, 1768. An Italian painter, noted chiefly for his pictures of Venice. He was a pupil of his father, Rinaldo Canale, a scene-painter. He lived for a time in England. He was the first painter to use the camera obscura. Candahar. See Kandahar . Candamo (kän-da'mo), Francisco Banzes. Born at Sabugo, Spain, 1662: died 1709. A Spanish poet and dramatist. His "Poesias comic as" were published in 1772. Canalizo (kä-nä-lē'thō), Valentin. Born at Candaules (kan-da lēz), or Myrsilus (mér-si'- Monterey about 1797: died after 1847. A Mexilus). [Gr. Κανδαύλης οι Μυρσίλος .] The last can soldier. From Dec., 1843, to June, 1844, he was act- Heracleid king of Lydia, slain by Gyges who ing president during the absence of Santa Anna, Again succeeded him. See Gyges . made acting president in Sept., 1844, he was impeached Candeish. See Khandeish . for arbitrary proceedings, and banished (May, 1845). He IMG:content-0256.png:[blocks in formation] Candolle (kon-dol'), Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus de. Born at Paris, Oct. 28, 1806: died April 4, 1893. A Swi botanist, profe or at the Academy of Geneva, son of August in de Can- dolle. He continued his father's "Prodromus" (1858-83: a isted by his son Anne Casimir Pyramus, born at Ge- neva, Feb. 26, 1836), and wrote "Géographie botanique rai sonnée" (1855), "Origine des plantes cultivées" (1883), etc. Candolle, August in Pyramus de. Born at Ge- neva, Feb. 4, 1778: died at Geneva, Sept. 9, 1841. A celebrated Swi botanist, profe or at the Academy of Montpellier 1810, and at Geneva 1816-41, and the principal founder of the natural system of botany. His works include "Regni vegetabilis system a naturale" (1818-21), "Pro- dromus system at is natural is regni vegetabilis" (1824-73), "Théorie Élémentaire de la botanique" (1813), etc. Candour (kan'dor), Mrs. A slanderous woman with an affectation of frank amiability, in Sheridan's comedy "The School for Scandal." Her name has become a byword. Canga-Arguelles (käng'gä är-gwel'yes), José. Asturias, sturias, Spain, Spain, about 1770: died 1843. A Spanish statesman and writer on finance, Canidia (ka-nid'i-a). A Neapolitan hetæra be- loved by Horace. She deserted him, and he reviled her as an old sorcere . Her real name was Gratidia. Canidius (ka-nid'i-us). Lieutenant-general to Antony in Shakspere's "Antony and Cleopa- IMG:content-0257.png:[blocks in formation] Canis Minor (kā'nis minor). [L.] The Little Dog, a small ancient constellation following Arion and south of Gemini. It contains the star Procyon, of the first magnitude. Canitz (kä'nits), Fried rich Rudolf Ludwig von. Born at Berlin, Nov. 27, 1654: died at Berlin, Aug. 11, 1699. A Pru ian poet and Canna (kan'ä). A small island of the He brides, Scotland, and, lying southwest of Skye and north- Hannibal with about 50,000 men nearly annihilated the Roman army of about 80,000-90,000 under Varro and Æmi- lius Paulus. Cannanore. See Kananur . Cannes (kän). [ML. Canna .] A seaport in the department of Alpes-Mar i times, France, situ- ated 18 miles southwest of Nice: one of the chief health-resorts on the Riviera, on account of its mild winter climate. Its reputation was built up by Lord Brougham, who settled there in 1834 (and died there in 1868) Napoleon Canning (kan'ing), Charles John, Earl Can- ning. Born at Brompton, near London, Dec. 14, 1812: died at London, June 17, 1862. An English statesman, son of George Canning. He was postmaster-general 1853-55, and governor-general of India 1855-62. Canning, George. Born at London, April 11, 1827. A celebrated English statesman and 1770: died at Chiswick, near London, Aug. 8, orator. He entered Parliament 1794. He was secretary for foreign affairs 1807-09, president of the Board of Con- trol 1816-20, secretary for foreign affairs 1822-27, and pre- mier 1827. Canning, Str at ford, Viscount Str at ford de Redcliffe. Born at London, Nov. 4, 1786: died Aug. 14, 1880. An English diplomatist, cousin Cambridge; entered the diplomatic service in 1807; be- of George Canning. He was educated at Eton and ister plenipotentiary at Constantinople 1810-12; negoti- ated the treaty of Bukharest in 1812; was minister to Switzerland 1814-18; sat in the Congre of Vienna; was minister to the United States 1820-24; was sent on a pre- liminary mi ion to St. Petersburg 1824-25; was amba a- dor at Constantinople 1825-29; was member of Parlia- ment 1828-41; was sent on various special mi ions, and was amba ador at Constantinople 1841-58. He was raised to the peerage in 1852. His e ays and a memoir were pub- lished by Dean Stanley in 1881. Cannock (kan'ok). An iron-manufacturing town in Staff ords hire, England, situated near Cannstatt, or Canstadt (kän'stät). A town in the Neckar circle, Würtemberg, situated on the Neckar 24 miles northeast of Stuttgart. It is noted for trade and manufactures and its warm mineral springs. Population (1890), commune, 20,265. Cano (kä'no), Alonso. Born at Granada, Spain, March 19, 1601: died at Granada, Oct. 5, 1667. A noted Spanish painter, sculptor, and arch i- Cano, Diego. See Cam , Diogo . Cano, Juan Sebastian del. Born at Gueta- ria, in Guipuzcoa, about 1460: died Aug. 4, 1526. A Spanish navigator. After commanding a ship in the Mediterranean, in 1519 he was made captain of the Concepcion, one of the ships in the fleet of Magel- lan (which see). After the death of Magellan, Carabello was put in command, but was soon deposed, and Cano took his place. He reached the Moluccas, loaded his two re- Victoria) arrived at Spain Sept. 6, 1522, by way of the maining ships with spices, and finally in one of them (the Cape of Good Hope, being thus the first circumnavigator of the globe. He was second in command in the expedi- Spain July 24, 1525, they encountered severe storms on tion of Loaisa, destined to follow the same track. Leaving the South American coast and in the Pacific; sickne appeared in the ve els, Loaisa perished, and Cano took command, but died le than a week after. Canopic Mouth of the Nile. [From Canopus .] most of the important mouths. An ancient branch of the Nile, the western- Canopus (ka-no'pus). [L., from Gr. Κάνωπος , a town in Lower Egypt.] The brightest star but one in the heavens, one magnitude brighter than Arcturus, and only half a magnitude fainter than Sirius; a Argus or a Carinæ. It is situated in one of the steering-paddles of Argo, about 35° south of Sirius and about the same distance east of Achernar. It is of a white or yellowish color, and is conspicuous in Flor- ida in winter. Tarrancon, Spain, 1523: died at Toledo, Spain, Sept. 30, 1560. A Spanish Dominican theolo- gian, a bitter antagonist of the Jesuits, and an influential counselor of Philip II. He was pro- fe or at Alcala and Salamanca, bishop of the Canaries, and provincial of Castile. Canobbio (kä-nob'bē-ō). A small town in northern Italy, on the western shore of Lago IMG:content-0258.png:[blocks in formation] Cánovas del Castillo (kä'no-väs del käs-tel- Antonio. Born at Malaga, Spain, Feb. 8, ripka) Bornat Vienna, March 13, 1829: died Bornat St. Ceré, Lot, France, June 27, 1809: died there, Sept. 12, 1885. A genre, historical, and portrait painter, a pupil of Waldmüller. From 1848-55 he was a cavalry officer in the Austrian army. From 1860-69 he lived in Karlsruhe, then in Stuttgart, and finally settled in Vienna where he became profe or in the Academy. He imitated especially Tin to ret to and Ti- tian, and was one of the best portrait-painters of his Can on bury Tower. A building in London, formerly the resort and lodging-place of many literary men. Can on gate (kan'on-gat). The principal thor- oughfare in the Old Town of Edinburgh. The little burgh of the Can on gate grew around the abbey of Holyrood, which is about a mile east of the castle, in the 12th century, soon after the founding of the abbey. The street runs from that point, bearing different names at various parts of its course. Scott laid the scene of his Cannæ (kan'e). In ancient geography, a town in Apulia, Italy, situated south of the river "Chronicles of the Can on gate" there. Cant a brian Mountains Cant a brian (kan-tā'bri-an) Mountains. A range of mountains in northern Spain, extending from the Pyrenees westward to Cape Finisterre. Highest peaks, over 8,000 feet. Cantacuzenus (kant a-kū-zēnus), or Cantacuzene (kant a-kū-zēn'), Joannes. Born at Constantinople after 1300: died 1383 (?). A Byzantine emperor and historian. He was chief minister under Andronicus III. 1328-41, and reigned 1347-54. He wrote a history of the period 1320-57. Cantagallo (kän-tä-gäl'lộ). A small town in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, situated 80 miles northeast of Rio de Janeiro. It is the terminus of a railroad. Cantal (kon-täl'). A department of France, lying between Puy-de-Dôme on the north, Haute-Loire on the east, Lozère on the southeast, Aveyron on the south, and Corrèze and Lot on the west. It corresponds nearly to the former Haute-Auvergne. Its surface is mountainous. Capital, Aurillac. Area, 2,217 square miles. Population (1891), 239,601. Cantar in i (kän-tä-rē'nē), Simone, surnamed Il Pesarese and da Pesaro. Born at Oropezza, near Pesaro, Italy, 1612: died at Verona, Italy, 1648. An Italian painter and etcher, a pupil of Guido Reni. Cantemir (kan'te-mer), Antiochus, or Const an tine Demetrius. Born at Constantinople, Sept. 21, 1709: died April 11, 1744. A Ru ian poet, diplomatist, and author, son of Demetrius Cantemir, noted for his satires and translations into Ru ian. Cantemir, Demetrius. Born Oct. 26, 1673: died Aug. 23, 1723. A Mold avian historian. He was appointed hospodar of Moldavia by the Porte in 1710; formed a treaty with Peter the Great in 1711, accord ing to which Moldavia was declared independent of the Porte and placed under the protection of Ru ia; and was driven from Moldavia, and received in compensation extensive domains in the Ukraine from Peter the Great. He wrote "Growth and Decline of the Ottoman Empire" (in Latin), which has not been printed in the original, but has been published in several translations. Canterac (kän-te-räk'), José. Born in France about 1775: died at Madrid, 1835. A general in the Spanish army. He was sent in 1815 (then a brigadier-general) with Morillo to America; went to Peru (1818), and fought several campaigns with La Serna in Charcas; led the military cabal which deposed the viceroy Pezuela at Lima and put La Serna in his place (Jan. 29, 1821); in 1824 opposed the march of Bolivar; was de known to exist. The Chaucer Society (Furnivall) has printed six of the best of them in parallel columns. These are Ellesmere, belonging to Lord Ellesmere; the Hengwrt, belonging to Mr. William W. E. Wynne of Peniarth; the Pet worth, belonging to Lord Leconfield; and one from each of the Chaucer collections at Oxford, Cambridge, and the British Museum. The Harleian manuscript from the British Museum, first edited by Wright for the Percy Society, was afterward reprinted. Two editions were published by Caxton, the first thought to have been printed in 1475, the second about six years later from a better manuscript. Wynken de Worde published an edition in 1495 and another in 1498; Richard Pynson, one in 1493 and again in 1526. In 1532 William Thynne made an attempt to collect all Chaucer's works, both prose and verse, in one volume. It was printed by Godfray, and for two hundred and fifty years was the standard text of the "Canterbury Tales.' were included in all the editions of Chaucer. (See Chaucer .) After this they Profe or Skeat has edited some of the separate poems. The "Canterbury Tales" are: The General Prologue, The Knight's Tale, The Miller's Tale, The Reeve's Tale, The Cook's Tale, The Man of Law's Tale, The Shipman's Tale, The Priore 's Tale, Chaucer's Tale of Sir Thopas, Chaucer's Tale of Melibeus, The Monk's Tale, The Nun's Priest's Tale, The Doctor's Tale, The Pardoner's Tale, The Wife of Bath's Tale, The Friar's Tale, The Summoner's Tale, The Clerk's Tale, The Merchant's Tale, The Squire's Tale, The Franklin's Tale, The Second Nun's Tale, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale, The Manciple's Tale, and The Parson's Tale. They were modernized by several hands and published by Tonson in 1741. Much of the work was done by Ogle (who started it), also by Samuel Boyse, Henry Burke, and Jeremiah Mark land. The edition was not completed when Ogle died in 1746. It was taken up by Rev. William Lipscomb in 1792. He brought out a version of The Pardoner's Tale, the rest following. In 1795 the whole edition was published, including Tonson's edition. The General Prologue was modernized by Better ton, and posthumously published in 1712. Canticles (kan'ti-klz). See Song of Solomon. Cantii (kan'ti-1). [L. Cantii , Gr. Κάντιοι.] A Celtic people, a branch of the Belge, who inhabited the whole southeastern coast region of Britain between the Thames and the Channel, where they are located by Cæsar. See Kent . Can till on (kon-të-yon'), Pierre Joseph. Born at Wavre, Belgium, 1788: died at Bru els, July 13, 1869. A French soldier, tried and acquitted for an attempt on the life of the Duke of Wel lington in 1815. Cantire. See Kintyre . Cantium (kan'ţi-um). [From rom the Cantii .] In ancient geography, a part of Britain corre sponding to the modern Kent. Canton (kan'ton), John. Born at Stroud, Gloucestershire, England, July 31, 1718: died March 22, 1772. An English natural philosopher, noted for investigations in regard to elec feated in the cavalry engagement of Junin 6); and in the final battle of Ayacucho (Dec. 9, 1824) commanded ou the reserve. He was shot while trying to suppre a mutiny at Madrid. Canterbury (kan'tér-ber-i). [ME. Canterbury , Cauntirbyry, etc., AS. Cantwaraburh (dat. Cant warabyrig), the borough of the Kentmen; gen. pl. of Cantware , Kentmen, and burh , borough, city.] A city in Kent, England, situated on the Stour in lat. 51° 16′ N., long. 1o 5′ E.: the Roman Durovernum and Saxon Cant war a by rig. Its chief objects of interest are the cathedral, St. Martin's Church, St. Dunstan's Church, remains of the castle, the monastery of St. Augustine, and many old houses. It is on the site of a British village, and was a Roman military station and a Kentish town. Augustine here in 600 became the first archbishop. It was sacked by the Danes in 1011. The cathedral was founded in the 11th cen- tury. The existing choir was built by William of Sens, France, after 1174, and the Perpendicular nave, transepts, and great central tower are of the 15th century. In plan the cathedral is long and narrow, with double transepts. The interior is light and impre ive. The choir is raised several feet, and separated from the nave by a sculptured 15th-century screen in the columns, arcades, vaulting, and dral of Sens, which supplied the model. Some of the gla of the deambulatory is of the 13th century. The portion of the choir behind the altar contains several fine altar- tombs of early archbishops, and the tombs of Henry IV. and the Black Prince. At the extreme east end is a beaut i- ful circular chapel called the Corona. The crypt is very large, and early Norman in style. The Perpendicular cloisters are ornate and picturesque. The dimensions of the cathedral are 514 by 71 feet; the height of the nave- vaulting 80, and of the central tower 235. St. Martin's is called the "Mother Church of England." The original foundation was no doubt pre-Saxon, and there are Roman bricks in the lower parts of the walls. The upper parts of the long, low, quaint, ivy-clad structure are much later. Population (1891), 23,026. Canterbury. Until 1876, a province in the South Island, New Zealand. Canterbury, Viscount. See Sutton . Canterbury College. An ancient college of Oxford University. It was founded by Simon Islip, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1361 or 1362. John Wyclif was the second warden. It was disbanded in the reign of Henry VIII., and the last remains of its buildings were demolished in 1775. Canterbury Tales, The. A work by Chaucer (с. 1340-1400), consisting of twenty-two tales in verse, with two in prose, told by twenty-three pilgrims out of the twenty-nine who meet at the Tabard Inn in South wark, on their way to the shrine of Thomas à Becket at Canterbury. About fifty manuscripts of the "Canterbury Tales" are tricity. of Canton (kan-ton'), Chinese Yang-Ching, or Kwang-Chow Fu. A seaport, the capital the province of Kwang-tung, China, on the Pearl River, situated in lat. 23° 6' N., long. 113° 17′ E. It is one of the principal commercial cities of the country: its leading exports are tea, silk, sugar, etc. It contains a large population in river craft. Its trade with Portugal began as early as 1517. It was sacked by the Tatars about 1650. The English factory was built in 1680. Canton was one of the five treaty ports in 1842. In 1857 it was captured by the Anglo-French forces and held until 1861. Population, estimated, 1,600,000. Canton (kan'ton). The capital of Stark County, Ohio. It is about 50 miles south-southeast of Cleveland, and has extensive manufactures. Population (1890), 26,189. Canton (kan-ton') River, Chin. Chu-Kiang ('Pearl River'). The name given to the lower part of the river Pih-Kiang, in southern China. About 40 miles below Canton it becomes the estuary Boca Tigris. Cantù (kän-tö'), Cesare. Born Dec. 2, 1805: died March 11, 1895. An Italian historian, novelist, and poet. His works include "Marg her it a Pusterla" (1837: a historical romance), "Storia univer sale" (1837), "Storia degli Italian i" (1854), etc. Cant well (kant'wel), Dr. The hypocrite in Bicker staff's "Hypocrite." The character is taken with alterations from Cibber's "Non