Bilifulvin

The yellow coloring-matter of the bile, q. v. B. Formations or Calculi. ( Med.) See GALL-STONE. Bilim'bi, n. ( Bot. ) See AVERRHOA. Bilin, (beleen,) a town of Bohemia, on the Bila, 17 m. from Leitweritz, famous for its mineral springs, the waters of which it exports to the extent of 500,000 jars annually; pop . abt. 3,000. Bilingual, (bi-lin'gwal,) a. [Lat. bis , and lingua, tongue.] In two languages. Bilinguist, n. One who speaks two languages. Bilin'guous, a. Having, or speaking two languages. yond its neck by the Hepatic Duct. C. the Stomach and com- Bilious, ( bil'e -us,) a. [Fr. bilicuz ; Lat. biliosus , from A, A, the Liver, raised to show B, the Gall-Bladder, joined be men cement of the small Intestine or Duodenum, in which the common Biliary Duct terminates, D. E, Colon. venous filaments of this ve el arise a system of minute tubes the biliary ducts-which secrete from the impure blood the new fluid of the bile. These small ve els, uniting, finally form one large tube, called the hepatic or liver duct, which terminates at the elongated neck of the gall-bladder. Whenever a quantity of digested food is pa ed out of the stomach into the duodenum, or beginning of the small intestine, a certain amount of bile is emitted from the gall-bladder on the digested aliment, at the same time that a peculiar fluid, like saliva, is poured into the same organ from the pancreas. The effect produced on the digested food by the emi ion of the bile and pancreatic juice is almost immediately to separate the digested matter into two parts, the solid and refuse portion, colored with the bile, and a white, creamy fluid, the chyle , or nutrient principle of all the aliment consumed, and which, absorbed by the lacteal system of ve els, is carried through the glands of the mesentery, and by the thoracic duct, to the heart, to restore the waste suffered by the blood during its circulation through, and its construction of, the body. (See DIGESTION, CHYLE.) Besides acting, in a manner, as a renet, to separate the nutritious from the refuse matters of the stomach, the bile acts as a natural stimulant to the bowels. (Chem.) Bile consists e entially of a solution of two salts, known as glycocholate and taurocholate of soda. Both glycocholic and taurocholic acids are resinous, and do not neutralize the alkali, so that the bile has a strong alkaline character. Another characteristic feature of this secretion is the large proportion of carbon which it contains, carbon entering from 67 to 61 per cent., respectively, in the composition of glycocholic and taurocholic acids. Another characteristic of the bile is cholesterine, a crystalline substance somewhat resembling the fats, and often deposited in large quantities in the form of biliary calculi. The peculiar coloring matter of the bile has never been obtained in a pure state. (Med.) Any cause that leads to a divergence of the bile from its natural course, is certain to result in some functional disturbance. When, for instance, the bile enters, by regurgitation , as it is called, the stomach, instead of the duodenum, it is taken up by the blood, enters the system, and produces nausea, sickne , headache, giddine , and many of the symptoms of a narcotic poison; and showing itself in the capillary and smaller veins, tinges the eyes, nails, and skin of a yellowish color, as in jaundice. Such disturbances are called biliary affections , or liver complaints, and, in general, proceed from a redundancy or a deficiency of bile. See LIVER, JAUNDICE, .; GALL-BLADDER, . -Bitterne of humor: ill feeling; as, to stir one's bile. -An obsolete orthography for BOIL, q. v . Biledulgerid, the name given to an extensive ter ritory of Africa, embracing the country lying between the 8. declivity of Atlas and the Sahara or Great Desert; and between Fezzan on the E., and Cape Nun, on the Atlantic, on the W. It mostly consists of vast deserts, differing but little from the Great Desert, with which it is connected. In parts, however, where there is water, extensive plantations of the date-palm, which here flourishes in great luxuriance, are met with. It is said by some that its real name, Biled -el- Jerid , means "country of the date-palm; " while others, among whom is Shaw, interpret Biled -el-Jerid as meaning dry or "parched country."