KANSAS, UNIVERSITY OF

a coeducational, state institution in Lawrence, Kans., founded in 1864. In 192122 it had a student body of 3,649; of which 2,220 were in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; 646 in the Engineering School; 291 in the department of Fine Arts; 169 in the Law department; 109 in the Graduate School, while the balance were distributed among the departments of pharmacy, education, medicine and nursing. The teaching siaff numbered 303. an educational institution founded in Salina, Kans., in 1885. In 1921-22 the IN faculty numbered 33 and the students 883. It has a library of 12,500 volumes. The president was then L. B. Bowers, town, Siberia. Pop. 8,000. China; drained by Hwang-ho. Pop. c. 10,000,000. of the most important of modern philosophers, and perhaps the greatest of all metaphysicians, born of Scottish descent at Konigsberg (HE. Pru ia), a hotbed of pietism. He was educated at the gymnasium of his birthplace, and subsequently at the university, whither he proceeded in 1740 to study mathematics, theology, and philosophy, the latter chiefly of the Wolffian school, which at that time held sway in Germany. Towards the end of the six years he spent there, he was sorely pre ed for money, en account of his father’s death; and from 1746-1755 earned a scanty living as private tutor. In 1755, obtaining his degree of doctor of philosophy, he became a docent, z. e. a private lecturer under the control of the university, and eleven years later he was appointed a sub-librarian. It was not until 1770 that he succeeded to the coveted profe orial chair; and in the new appointment he lectured not only on metaphysics and logic, but also on natural science, geography, anthropology; physics, and mathematics. Meanwhile he had not been idle in the literary field; his first book, Thoughts on the True Estimate of Living Forces, was published in 1747, and the Theory of the Heavens in 1755. Dreams of a Visionary, his first really significant work, appeared in 1766, probably inspired by his reading at that time of Swedenborg. This work has sometimes been regarded as the introduction to’ his ambitious system of critiques which came later; but perhaps it would be more correct to a ign that place to his Latin treatise, Di ert at i a de Mundi Sensibilis (1770). It was only during his ibe ene of the chair of philosophy at Onigsberg University (1770-97) that he was recognized at all widely as a profound and original thinker. As a lecturer he was succe ful, although his weak voice, deformity, and slight physique were hardly of service to him in commanding respect and attention. His ultimate fame rests on the writings of the later part of this period, of which the Critique of Pure Reason (1731), his best-known work, and the basis of all his subsequent writings, came firs. As an introduction to this, he published the Prolegomena (1783); @& year or so later an explanatory popular version was i ued by one of his students; the Metaphysic of Ethics (1785), and Metaphysic of Nature (1786) appeared, and the critique pa ed into his second edition in 1787. Meanwhile, Konigsberg had become the centre of philosophical activity, and K.’s method had been adopted by nearly all the German universities, not only for philosophy, but also in some instances for combination with Christian ethics. The remaining critiques, Of Practical Reason (1788) and Of Judgment (1790), complete the list of his most important works. In 1792 his teaching was censored by the Pru ian government on account of the anti Luther an ideas in his rationalistic thesis, On Religion within the Limits of Reason alone, of which the first part had appeared in the Berlin Journal, to which he was a regular contributor. Gradually, as time pa ed, K. showed signs of impaired health and mental vigor, and in 1797 he resigned his chair.