CALDWELL, Robert

[s. 146] : Born May 7, 1814. The University of Died August 28, 1891. Glasgow conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. and the University of Durham the degree of D.D. He was mi ionary of the LMS from 1838-41, arriving in Madras, January 8, 1838. Joined the SPG and ordained deacon in Church of England, 1841, and priest in 1842, at Madras; consecrated A istant Bishop of Madras March Over forty years of Mr. Caldwell’s 11, 1877. mi ionary life was spent in Idaiyangudi, situated in the extreme south of Tinnevelli. In the early years of the 19th century the inhabitants of many villages in this district placed themselves under Christian instruction, and large numbers were received into the church by Gericke and Sat tian a dan; but Caldwell found only the wreck of these congregations, which soon felt his masterful influence. In le than three years he had formed 21 congregations and 9 schools; he received converts in 31 villages, and altogether 2,000 persons were brought under regular Christian instruction. A church building society was formed at Idaiyangudi in 1844, and so well was the duty of self-support impre ed upon the congregations that in 1846 it was reported that the Idaiyangudi Christians “could be hardly surpa ed in Christian liberality by the inhabitants of any country in similar worldly circumstances.” During the years 1845-7 eleven churches and fourteen schools were built in the district and at this time Mr. Caldwell reported the proportion of inhabitants of Tinnevelli which had embraced Christianity was larger than that of any other province in India. In many places; entire villages movement renounced their idols and the favor of Christianity extended from caste to caste and village to village. This description included the operations of the CMS and in 1850 the natives in Tinnevelli who, largely under the influence of the SPG and the CMS, led by Caldwell and his a ociates, had embraced the Christian religion, in number about forty you sand persons, forwarded an addre to Queen Victoria expre ing thanks to God for the ble ings of his grace. As mi ionary Mr. Caldwell had to fulfil the various offices of pastor, doctor, magistrate, and general counselor. In 1875, when the Prince of Wales visited India, he was met by nearly 10,000 native Christians and an addre was presented to him by Mr. Caldwell. in 129 In 1880 Bishop Caldwell consecrated a church on which he had labored with his own hands from time to time for thirty-three years; in 1883 he removed his headquarters to Tuticorin, the chief seaport in Tinnevelli, and here during tliis year he confirmed 538 natives in one day; and 1887 he celebrated the jubilee of his mi ionary career. In 1890 Bishop Caldwell, on the death of Bishop Sargent, a umed the entire episcopal oversight of Tinnevelli. He was the author of “Companion to the Holy Communion” and of several pamphlets. m CALHOUN, Simeon Howard: Born August 15, 1804, at Boston, Ma .; graduated at Williams College, 1829; studied theology with Dr. GrifEn and Dr. Mark Hopkins; ordained in 1836; left the United States the following November for the Levant as an agent of the American Bible Society received appointment as a mi ionary of the in 1843; joined the Syrian mi ion in 1844 for the purpose of taking charge of the mi ion seminary at Abeih, on Mount Lebanon. To this he devoted his entire life. By him were trained most of the preachers and teachers now employed in the Syrian mi ion of the PN, besides.several engaged by other societies in Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. He was also pastor of the ABCFM church on Mount Lebanon. He was thoroughly versed in the Arabic and Turkish languages, and.a isted Dr. Goodell in his first translations of the Bible into Turkish. He prepared and published text-books in philosophy, astronomy, and theology. He visited the United States in 1847, returning to Syria in 1849; again in 1866, returning the same year. He made his final visit to the United States in impaired health in 1875, but addre ed the General A embly on the subject of mi ions with great power. Tho he expre ed the hope that he should rest on Mount Lebanon, he died in Buffalo, December 14, 1875. His wife and three children were with him. Dr. Calhoun’s influence in Syria was great among all cla es. Natives, whether Mohammedan or Christian, often went to him for counsel. While in college Dr. Calhoun was a sceptic and an opposer of religious enterprises. After his conversion, in 1831, and up to the end of his life, he was noted for the ardor and the simplicity of his piety. His delight in the Scriptures was exceptional. Hence he was powerful in explaining them to others. A CALICUT: city on the coast of Malabar, S. India. Climate, temperate. Population (1901), 76,981. Hindus, Mohammedans, Parsees, Portufuese, French. [in dust an i, etc. Language, Malayalam, Tamil, Religion, Hinduism, Islamism, Romanism. Station of the Basel Mi ionary Society (1842), with 8 mi ionaries, 5 of whom are accompanied by their wives, 71 native workers, men and women, 6 outstations, 1 Sunday school, 8 village schools, 1 industrial school and 1,073 profe ing Christians. Also station of the Mi ion to Lepers in India and the East, with 1 home for the untainted children of lepers. A CALIOUB: suburb of Cairo, Egypt; station of the Netherlands Society for the Extension of the Gospel in Egypt (1874), with 2 mi ionaries and their wives, 1 chapel, 1 Sunday school and 2 village schools. 147