Bruno

Giordang, an Italian philosopher, one of the boldest and most eriginat thinkers of his age, born in Nola, about 1550. He became a Dominican monk, but his religious doubts, and his censures of the monastic orders, compelled him to quit his monastery and Italy. He embraced the doctrines of Calvin at Geneva, but doubt and free discu ion not being in favor there, he went, after two years’ stay, to Paris. He gave lectures on philosophy there, and, by his avowed opposition to the scholastic system, made himself many bitter enemies. He next spent two years in England, and became the friend of Sir Philip Sidney. In 1585 he went again to Paris and renewed his public lectures. After visiting and teaching in various towns in Germany, he returned, in 1592, to Padua, and went afterward to Venice, where he was, in 1598, arrested by the Inquisition and sent to Rome. He lay in prison two years, and on Feb. 17, 1600, was burned as a heretic.; Bruno the Great, one of the most eminent men of his time, born about 925, the third son of Henry the Fow!ler. He became archbishop of Cologne, and chancellor of the Empire under his brother, Otto I., and afterward, as a reward for his services, Duke of Lorraine. He strove to reform the monasteries and advance the love of learning among the clergy. He died in| Rheims, Oct. 11, 965. | Brunswick, Duchy of, in Germany, consists of five detached portions of territory on the rivers Weser, Seine, Ocker and Aller. It occupies’ part of the vast plain which stretches from the foot of the Hartz Mountains and their continuations (the Solling) to the German Ocean and the Baltic, with a portion of the rise of those chains on the N. side. The largest ea contains the districts of olfenbuttel and Schoningen, in which the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbuttel, and the towns of Konand Helmstadt, are situated. 'wo small detached ae of territory, viz., the circles of Thedingbausen on the Weser, anu chat of Badenburg, are inclosed by the Han over i an territory, and form part, the former of the Weser district, the latter of the Seine district. Finally, the detached circle of Kalvorde, inclosed within the Pru ian Province of Saxony, belongs to the district of Schoningen. The duchy has an area of 1,526 square miles. The inhabitants are mostly engaged in agricultural and mining pursuits. Iron is the chief produce of the mines worked in the three districts of the Hartz, Weser and Blankenburg. Nearly the whole of the inhabitants are members of the Lutberan Church. Pop. (1900)