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See Küstr in. Cutch. See Kachh . Cutch Gundava. See Kachh Gundava . Cuthah (kū'thä). A city in Babylonia whence Shalmaneser IV. (727-722 в. с.) brought colonists into Samaria (2 Ki. xvii. 24). These Cutheans, mingling with other peoples, became the progenitors of the Samaritans. In the cuneiform inscriptions the city is often mentioned under the name of Kutu . It was situated a little to the east of Babylon, and is now represented by the ruins of Tel Ibrahim. The statement (2 Ki. xvii. 30) that the principal god of the Cutheans was Nergal (the god of war is confirmed by the inscription the tebuchad nezzar (604-561) that he restored temple of Nergal in the city of Cuthah, The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names IMG:content-0341.png:[blocks in formation] Cutler (kut'ler), Mana eh. Born at Killingly, Conn., May 3, 1742: died at Hamilton, Ma ., July 28, 1823. An American botanist and Congregational clergyman, one of the founders of Marietta, Ohio, in 1788. Cutler, Timothy. Born at Charles town, Ma ., about 1684: died at Boston, Aug. 17, 1765. An American clergyman, president of Yale College 1719-22. Frith) Cutpurse (kut'pers), Moll. The nickname of a notorious woman (real name Mary Frith) who was born in London in 1589 according to her life published anonymously in London 1662, but according to Malone in 1584. She was a riotous "thief, pickpocket, bully, prostitute, procure , fortune-teller, receiver of stolen goods, and forger of writings," and nearly always wore a man's dre . She is said to have been the first woman who used tobacco. She was introduced by Middle ton and Dekker as the chief personage (but in reformed character) in their play "The Roaring Girl." Field also introduces her in his play "Amends for Ladies." Cuttack (kut-tak'), or Cattack, or Katak. 1. A district in the Ori a division, Bengal, British India, bounded on the east and southeast by the Bay of Bengal. Area, 3,633 square miles. Population (1891), 1,937,671.-2. The capital of the above district, situated on the river Mahanadi in lat. 20° 26′ N., long. 85° 55′ E. It was taken from the Mahrattas by the British in 1803. Cutter of Coleman Street, The. A play by Abraham Cowley, performed in 1661 and printed in 1663. This comedy was originally called "The Guardian," and was written for the entertainment of Prince Charles as he pa ed through Cambridge in 1641. Cuttle (kut'l), Captain Edward. In Dickens's "Dombey and Son," "a kind-hearted, salt-looking" old retired sailor with a hook in place of his right hand. He is a friend of Sol Gills, the ships' instrument-maker. One of his favorite expre ions is "When found, make a note on." Cuvier (kü-vyā'), Frédéric. Born at Montbéliard, Doubs, France, June 27, 1773: died at Strasburg, July 25, 1838. A French naturalist, brother of Georges. He became director of the menagerie of the Jardin des Plantes in 1804, and in 1827 was appointed profe or of comparative anatomy at the Jardin des Plantes. He wrote "Des dents des mammifères, considerées com me caractères zoologiques" (1825), and (in cooperation with Geoffroy St. Hilaire) "His to ire naturelle des mammifères" (1819-39). Cuvier, Baron Georges Léopold Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert. IMG:content-0342.png:[blocks in formation] Cuyo (kö'yō). A region of Spanish South America, situated east of the Andes, and extending from about lat. 23° to 35° 3' S., and eastward, in parts, to long. 63° W. It was originally settled from Chile, and remained a province of that captain-generalcy until 1776, when it was united to the new viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres. The limits were never defi nitely fixed, and the name is now obsolete. Cuyp, or Kuyp (koip), Albert. Born at Dort, Netherlands, 1603 1605: died at Dort, 1691. A Dutch landscape-painter. Cuyp, Jakob Gerrits. Born 1575: died 1651. A Dutch painter, father of Albert Cuyp. Cuza. See Alexander John , Prince of Rumania. Cuzco (köz'kō). [Quichua, 'navel' or 'center,' a name first given to the city.] 1. A department of Peru. Area, 13,500 square miles. Population, 238,445.-2. The capital of the above department, situated in lat. 13° 31′ S., long. 72° 5' W., about 11,380 feet above sea-level. It contains a cathedral, several convents, etc. It was founded, according to tradition, by Manco Capac in the 11th century; was the capital of the empire of the Incas; and was noted for its Temple of the Sun (see Curican cha) and the so-called fortre of the Incas (see Sacsahuana). It was entered by Pizarro Nov. 15, 1533, and was besieged and partly burned by Manco Inca in 1536. Population (estimated, 1889), 22,000. Cyaxares (si-aks'a-rēz). King of the Medes 625-584 B. C. In the cuneiform inscriptions his name is Uvakshatara . He may be considered as the founder of Media's power and greatne . After repelling the hordes of the Scythian invasion, he captured (606 B. C.), in alliance with Nabopola ar, viceroy of Babylonia, Nineveh, and destroyed the A yrian empire. Toward the west Cyaxares conquered Armenia, and thus extended his dominion tempted the conquest of Lydia on the other side of the as far as the river Halys in Asia Minor. He even atHalys, but had to desist on account of an eclipse which took place during the battle (585). Cybele (sib'e-lē), or Rhea (rē'ä). In Greek mythology, the wife of Cronos (Saturn us), and mother of the Olympian gods: hence called the "Great Mother of the Gods." The original home of her worship was Phrygia (Asia Minor). Her priests were called Corybantes, and her festivals were celebrated with wild dances and orgiastic exce es amid the resounding music of drums and cymbals. She was conceived as traversing the mountains in a chariot drawn by lions. second Punic war in 264 B. C. it was introduced into Rome, Asia her worship came to Greece, and during the where the Me gales i a, later also the Taurobolia and Criobolia, were celebrated in her honor. The oak, pine, and lion were sacred to her. She is usually represented enthroned between lions, with a diadem on her head and a small drum or cymbal, the instrument used in her rites, in her hand. See also Atys . about 20,000. Cuyahoga (ki-a-ho'ga). A river in northern Ohio which flows into Lake Erie at Cleveland. IMG:content-0343.png:[blocks in formation] Cyclades (sik'la-dēz). des (sik'la-dez). [Gr. Κυκλάδες , from κύ- κλος, a circle.] A group of islands belo belonging to Greece, situated in the Egean Sea: so called from the belief that they formed a ring about Tenos, Ceos, Syras, Naxos, Paros, etc. They now form, Delos. Among the better known islands are Andros, with neighboring islands, the nomarchy of Cyclades. Capital, Hermopolis. Area, 923 square miles. Population (1889), 131,508. Cyclic poets, The. The authors of Greek epic poems, composed between 800 B. c. and 550 B.C., relating to the Trojan war and the war against Thebes. See Epic cycle . Among these poems are "Cypria" ("The Cyprian Lays"), "Ethiopis" ("The Lay of Æthiopia"), "The Sack of Troy," "The Little Iliad, "Nostoi" ("The Homeward Voyages"), "Telegonia" ("The Lay of Telegonus") (all belonging to the Trojan cycle), and the "Thebais" and the "Epigoni" (belonging to the Theban cycle). A few fragments of these poems are extant. Cyclops (si'klops), or Cyclopes (sī-klō'pēz). [Gr. pl. Κύκλωπες , the round-eyed.] In Greek mythology, a race of one-eyed giants, represented in the Homeric cycle of legends as Sicilian shepherds. See Polyp hem us . Cydippe. See Acontius . Cydnus (sid'nus). In ancient geography, a river of Cilicia, Asia Minor, which flows into the Mediterranean Sea about 12 miles south of Tarsus: now called Tersus. Cydonia (si-do'ni-ä). [Gr. KΚυδωνία οι Κυδωνίς .] In ancient geography, a city on the northwestern coast of Crete, near the site of the modern Canea (which see). Cygnus (sig'nus) 'nus). [L., 'the Swan.'] An ancient northern constellation representing a bird called a swan by Ovid and others, and now always so considered. Cymbeline (sim'be-lin). A drama by Shakspere, produced probably about 1609 or 1610: so called from one of the chief characters, a semi mythical king (Cunobeline) in Britain. Part of relating to Iachimo is in Boccaccio's "Decameron." It the play was no doubt derived from Holinshed; the part was first published in the folio of 1623. Garrick produced his alteration in 1762. Cymocles. See Pyrocles . Cynthus Cymry, or Kymry (kim'ri). [W. Cymry , pl. of Cymro , a Welsh man; cf. Cymru , ML. Cambria , Wales. The origin of the name is unknown: some connect it with W. cymmer, a confluence of waters; cf. aber , inver- .] The name given to themselves by the Welsh. In its wider application the term is often applied to that division of the Celtic race which is more nearly akin with the Welsh, including also the Cornishmen and the Bretons or Armor i cans, as distinguished from the Gadhelic division. Also written Cymri, Cwmry. Cynægirus (sin-e-ji'rus). [Gr. Κυναίγειρος .] An A then i an soldier, brother of Æschylus. He distinguished himself at the battle of Marathon 490 B. C., in which, according to Homer, he pursued the Persians to the sea, and, having seized one of their triremes to prevent its putting off, fell with his right hand severed. Later writers add that, having lost both his hands, he seized the ve el with his teeth. Cynewulf (kin'e-wulf). Lived probably in the 8th century A. D. A Northumbrian (?) poet. He was a scop or bard, but there is no evidence that he was a priest. He was the author of "Elene," "Julian a," "Crist," "Riddles," perhaps of "Phenix," "Guthlac"; and the reputed author of the "Wanderer," etc. Even "Beowolf" has been credited to him. Cynewulf the poet was unknown until the runes were read by which he had worked his name into his poem of "Elene." Those runes were first read in the year 1840 by two independent workers -- by Jacob Grimm in his edition of "Andreas" and "Elene," and by John Mitchell Kemble in his e ay upon Anglo-Saxon Runes, published that year in the "Archæologia." Each discoverer of the name endeavored to find who Cynewulf was, and when he lived. Grimm placed him in the 8th century. Kemble placed him in the end of the 10th century and the beginning of the 11th, by suggesting that he was the Cynewulf who was Abbot of Peter borough between the years 992 and 1006, who succeeded Aelfeage as Bishop of Winchester in the year 1006. Morley, English Writers, II. 206. Greek ph Cynics (sin'iks). [See Cynosarges .] A sect of Greek philosophers founded by Antisthenes of Athens (born about 444 в. с.), who sought to develop the ethical teachings ngs of So crates, whose pup pupil he was. The chief doctrines of the Cynics were that virtue is the only good, that the e ence of virtue is self-control, and that pleasure is an evil if sought for its own sake. They were accordingly characterized by an ostentatious contempt of riches, art, science, and amusements. The most famous Cynic was Diogenes of Sinope, a pupil of Antisthenes, who carried the doctrines of the school to an extreme and ridiculous asceticism, and is improbably said to have slept in a tub which he carried about with him. Cynosarges (si-nō-sär'jēz). A gymnasium of very early foundation in ancient Athens, combined with a sanctuary of Hercules, and po e ing a grove. The philosopher Antisthenes taught here, and his school was hence called the Cynic. The Cynosarges lay somewhat high up on the southern slope of the Asomaton and the British and American schools of archæology. Cynoscephale (sin-os-sofa-16). [Gr. Kυνὸς κεφαλαί , dog's heads.] Heights in The aly, Greece, 10-20 miles southeast of Lari a. Here, 364 B. C., the The bans under Pelopidas defeated Alexander of Pheræ; and in 197 B. C. the Romans under Flam in in us defeated Philip V. of Macedon. Cynosura (si-no-su'rä). [Gr. Κυνοσουρά, dog's tail.] 1. In Greek mythology, a nymph of Ida, and nurse of Zeus, metamorphosed into the constellation Ursa Minor.-2. The constellation of the Little Bear, containing the star which is now, but was not then, the polestar (which forms the tip of the tail), and thus often the object to which the eyes of mariners were directed. Cynthia (sin'thi-ä). 1. One of the names of Artemis or Diana, the moon-godde , derived from Mount Cynthus in Delos, her birthplace. The name is given in Spenser's "Colin Clout 's Come Home Again" and in Fletcher's "Purple Island" to a sort of personification of Queen Elizabeth. Raleigh also sang her praises as Cynthia in his poem of that name, of which we have only a few books. Ben Jonson, under the same name, flatters her in "Cynthia's Revels." 2. In Congreve's "Double Dealer," a flippant fine lady, the daughter of Lord and Lady Pliant, in love with Mellefont. Cynthiana (sin-thi-a'nä). The county-seat of Harrison County, Kentucky, situated on the South Licking River 48 miles south of Cincinnati. It was the scene of engagements in Morgan's raids in 1862 and 1864. Population (1890), 3,016. Cynthia's Revels, or The Fountain of Self Love. A "comic all satyre" by Ben Jonson, acted by the Children of the Queen's Chapel in 1600. It was printed in quarto in 1601 (Bullen), in folio in 1616, the latter with large additions. Cynthius (sin'thi-us). An epithet of Apollo, the sun-god, as the moon-godde is called Cynthia. Cynthus (sin'thus). In ancient geography, a mountain in Delos, from which are derived Cynthia and Cynthius, the surnames, respectively, of Artemis and Apollo. IMG:content-0344.png:[blocks in formation]