Francis Joseph

CHARLES, [Ger. FRANZ JOSEPH,] EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA and KING OF HUNGARY, B. 1830, s. his uncle Ferdinand IV. in 1848. The chief events connected with his reign have been: The defeat of the Hungarians in their war for independence, 1848-9; the war with France in 1859, in which the Austrians were defeated in the great battles of Magenta and Solferino, and which was brought to an end by the Treaty of Villa franc a, whereby Lombardy was restored to Italian rule; the invasion of Denmark in coöper at i on with Pru ia, 1864, resulting in the despoiling that country ofherprovs. of Schleswig and Holstein; a three weeks' war with Pru ia, June-July, 1866, in which the latter won the great battles of Königsgrätz and Sadowa, and caused the Austrian ce ion of Venetia to France on behalf of Italy, together with the exclusion of Austria from German councils; the restoration of the Magyar autonomy and representative govt., 1867, and the coro nation of F. J. as king of Hungary. [s. 382]