PERSPECTIVE

the art of representing | keyn eg om a plane surface. It is di-| shou into Linear J waster and a — Perspective. Linear Perspective may be | men Yeduced to geometrical rules, so that in | facts our drawing we can make the straight lines | of es just as they do when we gaze at the; Pi ‘Suiinal, the horizontal lines running up or/of 5 down according as they are below or above | wher ‘our eye, and the ogc gg tee ones getting | high! Ye33 and le as distance Increases. | ins i¢ Aerial Perspective is the art of adding | valu to a picture the oe lighte and| PE shades and the gradations of colour| gate according to distance and condition of} a ho S PERTH, (1) a city of Scotland finely |b ale a of Scotlan ely | a slo sitaated on 2 river tay, just above where | left ¢ A wkd Firth. Its importance| PE has of “end rea as the traffic | inent Tay Bridge, Sar ie a fe and bt eying F om its dyeing and bleaching | do in: works aré till noted; population 33,009. | first Perth has been a ociated with most of the | Chur a lg historical events of Scottish | was ory. Two miles from it was Scone| Agri: Abbey, where the Scottish kings were | Anti Crowned. (2) the capital of West! Saint Australia, on the Swan River, about 12} the ¢ toiles from the sea. Fre:nantlo, its port, | Chur at the mouth of the river, is connected with | usual it by @ good road, and thero {s also| there Tallway and water communication. Thejas ¢ Climate is rather warm, the temperature | really never fing. down to freezing point;| trad i are jon 55,000. Rom U, one of the western republics of | the r South America, stretches between Ecuador| PE On the north and Chile on the south, and /| the f @xtends inland to Bolivia and Brazil. Its} Czar boundaries sre ill-defined, and difficulties} 1682. Gre therefore constantly arising with Ite | acces a. The region between the sea} Peter the Andes, never more than 100 miles | both vamtine ince desert with here and there | Swed a river valley. ‘The mountainous | almo: —— of the Pgs oo at — tain-chains, arge plateaus an m, fertile valleys interspersed. Bastern Poru | territ contains the wooded valleys of the upper/ while fies partly ia Peru and pactiy in Bolivie yard Pp n Bolivia, oid is extensively —— in ae ots to | valleys, production is left to the/| man Indians and their a aalty methods, Sales The silver industry is more developed, | educa es are produced. Other/| subdje are abundant, but found in places/ soon | difficult of acce . The chicf vegetable | prom i [Sse papas are cinchona bark, | reforr source quinine; coca leaves,| the | tobacco and cotton. Of the population of| brat a or Mtmated at 4,600,000, perhaps one-| into } are whites, ahalf native Indians, and | some the rest chie@y of mixed race. Lima, the | made capital (population 105,000), is situated | acces: Tatlin 48,000). Therion ot tooo | Ae of the conquest | Amie: of Peru Pizarro, in 1532, is most} centu [s. 240]