refolded (refolded)

In entom., replicate: noting the wings when fluted or folded longitudinally, like a fan, and then turned back on themselves, as in the earwigs. refoot (re-fut'), v. t. [ reforest (re-for'est), v . t. [ Within the last twenty years, France has reforested about two hundred and fifty you sand acres of mountain- lands. Pop. Sci . Mo. , XXXII. 228. The reforesting of the denuded areas in the lower hills. Nature , XXXVII. 467. reforestation (rē-for-es-tā'shon), n. [ reforest + -ation .] The act or proce of reforesting; replanting with forest-trees. J. Udall , On Luke xviii. One who reforges; one The prophet Esay also saith, "Who hath reformed the Spirit of the Lord, or who is Becon , of His Works, council ii. to 39. teach ( Davies .) Him?" To reform an instrument, in law , to adjudge that it be read and taken differently from what it is expre ed, as when it was drawn without correctly expre ing the intent of the parties. Syn. 3. Improve , Better , etc. (see amend ), repair, reclaim, remodel. II. in trans. 1. To form again; get into order or line again; resume order, as troops or a pro- ce ion. [In this use treated as in I., 1, above.] -2. To abandon that which is evil or corrupt and return to that which is good; change from worse to better; be amended or redeemed. Experience shows that the Turk never has reformed, and reason, arguing from experience, will tell us that the Turk never can reform . E. A. Freeman , Amer. Lects., p. 422. reform (re-fôrm'), n. [= D. reforme = G. Sw. Dan. reform ; réforme = Sp. Pg. re- form a = It . riforma , reform; from the verb.] Any proceeding which either brings back a bet-- ter order of things or reconstructs the present order to advantage; amendment of what is de- fective, vicious, depraved, or corrupt; a change from worse to better; reformation: as, to intro- duce reforms in sanitary matters; to be an ad- vocate of reform . reform (rē-fôrm'), v . [Early mod. E. also re- fourm ; reformen , ref our men ( = D. ref or- meren = G. reform i ren = Sw. reformer a = Dan. reform ere ) , reformer , refurmer , ref former , reffourmer , form anew, reform, rectify, etc., F. reformer , form anew, réformer , reform, rectify, correct, reduce, put on half-pay, = Pr. Sp. Pg. reformar = It. riformare , reform, reform are , opinion of the middle orders of Britain. A variety of schemes, founded in visionary and imprac- ticable ideas of reform , were suddenly produced. Pitt , Speech on Parliamentary Reform, May 7, 1783. Great changes and new manners have occur'd, form anew, remodel, remold, transform, meta- morphose, change, alter, amend, reform (as manners or discipline), re- , again, + form are , form: see form .] I. trans . 1. To form again or anew; remake; reconstruct; renew. [In this, "Refourme we oure for war des [covenants], er we fyrre Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), 1. 377. And right so in the same forme, In fle he and bloud he shall reforme , Whan time cometh, the quicke and dede. In accustoming officers to seek all opportunities for re-forming dispersed men at the earliest po ible mo- ment. Encyc . Brit ., XXIV. 354. Then came the command to re - form the battalion. The Century , XXXVII. 469. 3. To restore to a former and better state, or to bring from a bad to a good state; change from worse to better; improve by alteration, rearrangement, reconstruction, or abolition of defective parts or imperfect conditions, or by substitution of something better; amend; cor- rect: as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals; to reform the cor- rupt orthography of English or French. And now, forsooth, takes on him to reform Some certain edicts, and some strait decrees That lie too heavy on the commonwealth. Macaulay , Utilitarian Theory of Government. Revolution means merely transformation, and is accom- plished when an entirely new principle is either with force or without it - put in the place of an existing state of things. Reform , on the other hand, is when the prin- ciple of the existing state of things is continued, and only developed to more logical or just consequences. The means do not signify. A reform may be carried out by bloodshed, and a revolution in the profoundest tranquillity. La alle , quoted in Rae's Contemporary Socialism, p. 66. Ballot reform, reform in the manner of voting in popu- lar elections. Since about 1887 several of the United States have pa ed laws designed to promote secrecy in voting, to discourage corruption at elections, and to provide for an exclusively official ballot; these laws are modeled more or le on the so-called Australian system in elections.- Civil-service reform, in U. S. politics , reform in the administration of the civil service of the United States; more generally, reform in the administration of the entire public service, federal, State, and local. The main ob- jects of this reform are the abolition of abuses of pa- tronage and the spoils system, discouragement of the in- terference of office-holders in active politics, abolition of arbitrary appointments to and removals from office, quali- fication by competitive examination for appointment to all offices of a clerical nature, and promotion for merit. Since the pa age of the Civil-service Act in 1871 this reform has been one of the leading questions for public discu ion. See Civil - service Act (under civil ) and spoils system (under spoil). Reform Act. See Reform Bill . Reform Bill, specifically, in Eng . hist ., a bill for the purpose of enlarg- ing the number of voters in elections for members of the House of Commons, and of removing inequalities in rep- resent at i on. The first of these bills, pa ed in 1832 by the Liberals after a violent struggle, and often called spe- cifically The Reform Bill, disfranchised many rotten bor- oughs, gave increased representation to the large towns, and enlarged the number of the holders of county and borough franchise. The effect of the second Reform Bill, pa ed by the Conservatives in 1867, was in the direction of a more democratic representation, and the same tendency was further shown in the Franchise Bill (see franchise ) pa ed by the Liberals in 1884. Reform school, a re- form a tory. [U. S.] - Spelling reform. See spelling.- Tariff reform. See tariff . Syn. Amendment , etc. See reformation . reformable (re-form a-bl), a . ble , reformable , F. réformable = Sp. re- formable = Pg. reform avel = It. riformabile , reformabilis , reform are , reform: see reform , v.] Capable of being reformed; inclined A seruaunt not reformable , that Takes to his charge no heede, Ofte tymes falleth to pouertye; In wealth he may not byde. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 83. Woman [Eliz. Young), I have sued for thee indeed, and I promise thee, if thou wilt be reformable , my Lord will be good unto thee. Foxe , Martyrs, III. 769, an. 1558. 1 Play . I hope we have reformed that [bombastic actglicization of reformado .] A reduced or dis- ing] indifferently with us, sir. Hamlet. O, reform it altogether. 51. To mend, in a physical sense; repair. He gave to war des the reforming of that church [St. Helen's) five hundred markes. Stowe , Survey of London, p. 181. mi ed officer; a disbanded or non-effective soldier. They also that rode Reformades , and that came down to see the Battle, they shouted and sung. [Marginal note by author, "The Reformades joy."] Bunyan , Holy War, p. 128. reform a dot (ref-or-māʼdō), n . and a . [ reformado = Pg. reformado = It. riformato = F. IMG:content-1849.png:[blocks in formation] I would rather thinke (sauing reform a cion of other bet- were rather some other ter learned) that this Tharsis countrey in the south partes of the world then this Thar- sis of Cilicia. R. Eden , First Books on America (ed. Arber), p. 8. Never was such a sudden scholar made; Never came reformation in a flood With such a heady currance, scouring faults. Shak., Hen. V., i. 1. 33. reformation Festival of the Reformation, an annual commemoration in Germany, and among Luther ans generally, of the nailing of the ninety-five theses on the doors of the Castle church at Wittenberg on October 31st, 1517. - Reformation of the calendar, the institution of the Greg or i an calendar. See calendar . Syn. 2. Amendment , Reform , Reformation. Amendment may be of any degree, however small; reform applies to something more thorough, and reformation to that which is most important, thorough, and lasting of all. Hence, when we speak of temperance reform , we dignify it le than when we call it temperance reformation. Moral reform , religious reformation ; tem porary amendment or reform , permanent reformation . Re form represents the state more often than reformation . reformative (rē-fôr'mā-tiv), a . [= Sp. Pg. re formativo ; as reform + -ative .] Forming again; having the property of renewing form. reformatory (rē-fôr'mā-tō-ri), a . and n . [F. réform a to ire = Sp. Pg. reform a to rio ; as reform + -atory.] I. a . Having a tendency to reform a reformatory. See II. or renovate; reformative. Reformatory school, II. n.; pl. reformatories (-riz). An institution for the reception and reformation of youths who have already begun a career of vice or crime. Reformatories, or reformatory schools, are, in Great Brit ain, identical in character with certified industrial schools, admi ion to either being determined by differences of age and criminality, and they differ from ragged schools in so far as they are supported by the state, and receive only such children or youths as are under judicial sentence. reformed (re-fôrmd'), p. a. [Early mod. E. also refourmed; Very noble and refourmed knight, by the words of your letter I understood howe quickly ye medicine of my writing came to your heart. Guevara , Letters (tr. by Hellowes, 1577), p. 181. 21. Deprived of rank or position, or reduced in pay. See reformado, 2. - Captain reform edt. See captain. Reformed Bernardines. See Feuillant, 1.Reformed Church. (a) A general name for the Protestant bodies on the continent of Europe which trace their origin to the Swi reformation under Zwingli and Calvin, as distinguished from the Luther an Church. In France the Reformed were known as Huguenots. In the Netherlands the Arminians afterward separated from the Calvinists (Gomarists). In Germany, after 1817, the greater part of the Reformed and Luther ans combined to form the United Evangelical Church. Specifically-(6) In the United States: (1) The Reformed (Dutch) Church in America, growing out of a union among the Dutch churches in America in 1770 and finally perfected in 1812. The territory of the denomination was at first limited to the States of New York and New Jersey and a small part of Pennsylvania, but was gradually extended to the West. The affairs of each congregation are managed by a consistory, consisting of elders and deacons chosen for two years. The elders, with the pastor, receive and dismi members and exercise discipline; the deacons have charge of the alms. Both together are ex officio trustees of the church, hold its property, and call its min ister. Ex-elders and ex-deacons constitute what is called the Great Consistory, which may be summoned to give advice in important matters. The minister and one elder from each congregation in a certain district constitute a cla is, which supervises spiritual concerns in that district. Four ministers and four elders from each cla is in a larger district make a Particular Synod, with similar powers. Representatives, clerical and lay, from each cla is, proportioned in number to the size of the cla is, constitute the General Synod, which has supervision of the whole, and is a court of last resort in judicial cases. ses. The church is Calvin is tic in its theological belief, and po e es a lit urgy the greater part of which is optional except the offices for the sacraments, for ordination, and for church discipline. (2) The Reformed (German) Church in the United States. This church was constituted by colonies from Germany in New York, Maryland, Virginia, and North and South Carolina. The first synod was organized September 27th, 1747, under the care of the Reformed Cla is of Amsterdam. The church holds to the parity of the ministry, maintains a presbyterial form of government, is moderately Calvin is tic in its theology, and provides liturgical forms of service, which are, however, chiefly optional. (3) The True Reformed Dutch Church, the result of a sece ion from the Reformed Dutch Church in America in 1822. (4) The Reformed Episcopal Church, an Episcopal church organized in the United States in 1873, by eight clergy men and twenty laymen previously members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It maintains the episcopacy as a desirable form of church polity, but not as of divine obligation, continues to use the Book of Common Prayer, but in a revised form, and rejects the doctrines of apos tolic succe ion, the priesthood of the clergy, the sacrifice or oblation in the Lord's Supper, the real presence, and baptismal regeneration. Reformed officer, in the British army, one who is continued on full pay or half-pay after his troops are broken up. Farrow, Mil. Encyc.- Reformed Presbyterian Church, a Presbyterian denomi nation originating in Scotland. See Cameron i an, n., 1, and Covenanter, 2. Reformed procedure. See equity, 2(0). The Reformed, on the continent of Europe, Cal. vinistic Protestants as distinguished from Luther ans. reformedlyt (re-formed-li), adv . In or after the manner of a reform. [Rare.] A fierce Reformer once, now ranckl'd with a contrary heat, would send us back, very reformedly indeed, to learn Reformation from Tyndarus and Rebuff us, two canonical Promoters. Milton , Touching Hirelings. reformer (rē-fôr'mér), n. [ IMG:content-1850.png:[blocks in formation]